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Evolution and Impact of Electronics

Module 4 of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering course covers the evolution of electronics from vacuum tubes to nanoelectronics, detailing semiconductor devices, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and the principles of operation for diodes and transistors. It highlights the significant impact of electronics across various fields including industry, communication, medicine, instrumentation, and defense. Emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, opto-electronics, and bio-electronics are also discussed.

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56 views19 pages

Evolution and Impact of Electronics

Module 4 of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering course covers the evolution of electronics from vacuum tubes to nanoelectronics, detailing semiconductor devices, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and the principles of operation for diodes and transistors. It highlights the significant impact of electronics across various fields including industry, communication, medicine, instrumentation, and defense. Emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, opto-electronics, and bio-electronics are also discussed.

Uploaded by

eryadukrishnannk
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EST 130

BASICS OF ELECTRICAL AND


ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

MODULE-4
Rakesh VS (EMP 151)
Asst. Prof. ECE
Vidya Academy of Science & Technology
Syllabus
MODULE-4
Introduction to Semiconductor devices: Evolution of electronics –
Vacuum tubes to nano electronics.
Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors (constructional features not
required): types, specifications. Standard values, color coding.
PN Junction diode: Principle of operation, V-I characteristics, principle
of avalanche breakdown.
Bipolar Junction Transistors: PNP and NPN structures, Principle of
operation, relation between current gains in CE, CB and CC, input and
output characteristics of common emitter configuration.
Electronics- Definition

• Electronics is a branch of science that deals with flow of electrons


and their effects in materials such as vacuum, gas and
semiconductors.

• This control of electrons is accomplished by devices that resist, carry,


select, steer, switch, store, manipulate, and exploit the electron.

• Electronics is an offset of electrical engineering.


EVOLUTION OF ELECTRONICS

• VACUUM TUBE (FIRST GENERATION-1900)


• TRANSISTOR (SECOND GENERATION-1947)
• INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (THIRD GENERATION-1958)

• SSI (LESS THAN 100 TRANSISTORS PER CHIP)


• MSI
• LSI
• VLSI
• ULSI
Evolution of Electronics

• No Electronics before the 20th


century!!

• Electrical Engineering- Parent of


Electronics
Contd..
1904
Sir John Fleming
He is known for inventing
the first thermionic valve
or vacuum tube.
(Stepping to diode)
Contd..

1906

LeeDe Forest Invented


Triode

(Stepping to Transistor)
Contd..
1925

John Logie Baird invented


mechanical television

Also the first purely electronic


colour television picture tube.
Contd..
1948
• William Schockley, John
Bardeen and Watter Brattain
developed the transistor
Contd..
• Jack Kilby was an American
electrical engineer who took
part (along with Robert Noyce)
in the realization of the first
integrated circuit while working
at Texas Instruments in 1958
Contd..
1971
Robert Noyce and
Gordon Moore

Microprocessor
IMPACT OF ELECTRONICS

1. ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY
- AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM
- QUALITY CONTROL OF MATERIAL
- MEASUREMENT OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS
- SECURITY SYSTEM
- OPERATING MACHINE
IMPACT OF ELECTRONICS

2. COMMUNICATION & ENTERTAINMENT


- RADIO COMMUNICATION
- TV
- MOBILE COMMUNICATION
- MUSIC PLAYER
IMPACT OF ELECTRONICS
3. MEDICAL FIELD
- ECG
- EEG
- ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER
- LASER BASED SURGICAL EQUIPMENT
- SCANNING EQUIPMENT
- X-RAY
- CT
- MRI
IMPACT OF ELECTRONICS

4. INSTRUMENTATION
- CRO
- SIGNAL GENERATOR
- STRAIN GAUGE
IMPACT OF ELECTRONICS

5. DEFENCE
- RADAR
- SONAR
EMERGING ELECTRONICS

• NANO TECHNOLOGY & NANOELECTRONICS


• OPTO-ELECTRONICS
• SPINTRONICS
• BIO-ELECTRONICS (BIOLOGY INSPIRED ELECTRONICS)
• SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTRONICS
• MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS
• ORGANIC ELECTRONICS
 NANO TECHNOLOGY: is the science & engineering of small
things.
 It deals the manipulation of matter in nano-scale, i.e. about 1
nanometers to 100 nanometers
(One Nanometer is 10^(-9) meter; about 3 atoms long)

 NANOELECTRONICS : refers to the use of nanotechnology in


electronic components; mainly for the manipulation of miniature
electronic components.
 It aims at improving the capabilities of electronic devices while
shrinking them throgh reducing their weight and power
consumption.
THANK YOU

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