Water Level
Indicator
NAME: SRADHA RANJITH
CLASS: XII E
ROLL.NO: 37
NAME: SRADHA
RANJITH
CLASS: XII E
ROLL.NO: 37
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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this practical work is done by SRADHA RANJITH of
class XII -E In P hysics L ab during the academic year 20 2 4 -202 5 .
t
DATED: ----------------- -----------------------------
Mr .Phillipose Varughese
United Indian School
Kuwait
DATED: ------------------- ------------------------------
External Examiner
Submitted to SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE PRACTICAL
Examination held in Physics Lab at United Indian School, Kuwait.
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Acknowledgement
I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to all those who
have contributed to my physics project. First and
foremost, I would like to express my deepest appreciation
to my respected teacher Mr. Phillipose Varughese, for
his valuable guidance and support throughout the project.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to our respected
principal Radhakrishnan Sir for providing me with all the
facilities that were required.
Finally, I would like to acknowledge the contributions of
all the resources that I have used to complete my project.
Their work was instrumental in providing me with the
necessary knowledge and insights to complete my project
successfully
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Table Of
Contents
Page
Index
Number
1. Introduction 5
2. Principle of Operation 6
3. Materials Used 7
4. Circuit Diagram and Working 9
5. Applications and Scope 11
6. Conclusion 12
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Introduction
Water wastage caused by tank
overflows is a common issue that can
be resolved with a simple water level
indicator. This project presents a
water level indicator system
powered by a 3V DC power supply,
which uses white LEDs to indicate
water levels at 25%, 50%, and
75%. At 100%, a red LED lights up,
accompanied by a buzzer to alert
users that the tank is full.
This system is designed to be easy to
implement using readily available
components, making it ideal for
households, farms, and small-scale
industries.
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Principle of
Operation
The operation of the water level indicator is
based on the conductivity of water, which
allows electric current to flow when water
contacts the probes at specific levels.
1.Probes are placed inside the tank at
different levels (25%, 50%, 75%, and
100%).
2.When water reaches a probe, it completes
the circuit for that level, activating an
LED.
3.At 100% water level, the circuit not only
lights up the red LED but also triggers a
buzzer to signal the tank is full.
The use of a 3V DC power supply ensures the
system is energy-efficient and safe for use.
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Materials Used
1) Resistors (220 Ohms x 4)
Resistors are used to control the
current flowing through the LEDs,
ensuring they operate safely and at
optimal brightness.
The 220-ohm resistors were
specifically chosen for compatibility
with the 3V DC power supply.
2) LEDs (4 Units)
Three white LEDs are used to
indicate 25%, 50%, and 75% water
levels.
One red LED lights up at 100% to
signal the tank is full.
The use of white LEDs provides a
neutral and consistent appearance,
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while the red LED adds a distinct alert
for the full tank level.
3) Buzzer (1 Unit)
A small buzzer is connected to the circuit
at the 100% level to provide an auditory
alert when the tank is full.
The buzzer ensures the user is notified
even if they are not visually monitoring
the LEDs.
4) Wires and Power Supply
Wires: Used to connect the power source,
resistors, LEDs, buzzer, and probes.
3V DC Power Supply: A low-voltage
power source (e.g., two AA batteries)
powers the entire circuit. This ensures
safe operation and eliminates the need for
complex power management.
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Circuit Diagram and
Working
Step-by-Step Explanation
1. Probes Setup:
Probes are placed at four specific levels in the tank: 25%,
50%, 75%, and 100%.
Each probe corresponds to an LED in the circuit.
2. Circuit Operation:
As water rises to the 25% level, it contacts the first
probe, completing the circuit and lighting up the first
white LED.
At 50%, the second probe is reached, activating the
second white LED.
Similarly, at 75%, the third white LED lights up.
When the water reaches the 100% level, it activates the
red LED and the buzzer, signaling the tank is full.
LED Indication Levels
White LED 1 (25%): Indicates the tank is filling but still at a
low level.
White LED 2 (50%): Shows that the tank is half full.
White LED 3 (75%): Signals that the tank is nearing full
capacity.
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Red LED (100%): Lights up to alert the user that the tank is
full and needs the water supply to be turned off.
Buzzer Activation
The buzzer provides an auditory alert, ensuring that even if
the visual indication is missed, the user will be aware when the
tank is full.
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Applications and
Scope
Applications
1. Households:
Prevents overflow in water storage tanks,
saving water and energy.
2. Agriculture:
Useful for monitoring irrigation tanks or
water reservoirs on farms.
3. Industries:
Can be applied to monitor water levels in
factory tanks or storage units.
4. Commercial Buildings:
Ensures efficient water usage in schools,
offices, and apartments.
Scope for Future Enhancements
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Adding a wireless notification system (e.g., via
mobile app) for remote monitoring.
Integration with a motorized valve to
automatically stop water flow when the tank is
full.
Using the system to monitor other liquids, such
as oils or chemicals.
Conclusion
This water level indicator is an efficient,
cost-effective solution for water
management. Using a simple circuit
powered by a 3V DC supply, the system
provides reliable visual and auditory alerts
for water levels. The use of white LEDs for
intermediate levels and a red LED with a
buzzer for the full tank level ensures clarity
and urgency.
By implementing this project, users can
reduce water wastage, improve resource
management, and contribute to water
conservation. This system can be further
expanded or automated to suit larger-scale
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applications, making it a valuable tool in
addressing water management challenges.
Bibliograph
y
www.Google.com
www.wikepedia.com
www.youtube
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