YOJANA
APRIL - 2017
Chief Editor’s Desk
Labour with Dignity
Notes
Ministry of Labour and Employment is now taking steps for
simplification, amalgamation and rationalization of Central
Labour laws and replacing them with 4 labour codes viz.
1. Labour Code on Wages Bill 2015,
2. Labour Code on Industrial Relations Bill 2015,
3. Labour Code on Social Security and Welfare
4. Labour Code on Occupational Safety, Healthy and Working
Conditions.
MCQ
Who is the MoS of the Ministry of Labour and
Employment?
A. Bandaru Dattatreya
B. Nitin Gadkari
C. Kalraj Mishra
D. Jual Oram
Labour's Landscape in India
• In the words of Arthur James Todd ‚Labour Welfare means
anything done for the employees over and above the wages
paid‛.
Notes
• The report of the International Labour Organization –
Employment and Social Outlook, Trends 2016 has underlined that
‘Poor job quality remains a pressing issue worldwide. The
incidence of vulnerable employment – the share of own-account
work and contributing family employment, categories of work
typically subject to high levels of precariousness(अनिनित
) – is declining more slowly than before the start of the global
crisis. .
Women and work
ILO’s report the gender wage gap in India is among the
highest in the world, at 26%.
This is significantly higher than the average for the
countries in the Asian continent, which stands at 23 per
cent, and the mean average gender wage gap of less
than1 5 per cent in the developed economies.
Gender pay gap could take 170 years to close, says World
Economic Forum(in 2016)
Notes
Between 2004 to 2011, when the Indian economy grew at
a healthy average of about 7%, there was a decline in
female participation in the country’s labour force from
over 35% to 25%. It’s a puzzling picture; over the past
few decades access to education for Indian women has
increased but still they have increasingly stayed away
from employment.
Informal sector
The informal sector, informal economy, or grey economy
is the part of an economy that is neither taxed, nor
monitored by any form of government. Unlike the
formal economy, activities of the informal economy are
not included in the gross national product (GNP) and
gross domestic product (GDP) of a country. The informal
sector can be described as a grey market in labour.
Labour reforms in India
Most opportune time for labour reforms in India for two
reasons –
1. China is fast losing its advantage as manufacturing
hub as labour cost has trebled there in last one decade
2. Second the Government of India is truly committed
to ‘Make in India’ and attracting the investors and
large businesses to set up their manufacturing bases
in the country.
Less regulations
Industries have been relieved of 16 labour laws.
Industrialists can file their own compliance report, that
too online.
Apprentice act 1961 underwent many important
changes.
According to the new laws the industries don’t require
the approval of the labour department’s advisor to
provide training to the apprentice.
Protecting the rights of the labours
1. Allow them to form unions
2. Health and safety of workers
3. Provision of special facilities for women workers
4. Establishment of grievance redressal mechanism
India needs a liberal labour market which can contribute
towards a competitive manufacturing and service for it
liberal labour policy is elusive.
Informal Labour Market in India
National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised
Sector(NCEUS)
The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised
Sector (NCEUS) is a national body commissioned by the Indian
government to address the issues faced by enterprises in relation
to the unorganised sector
The Commission was established in 2004 to act as an advisory
board for matters regarding the informal employment sector. In
India, the informal sector of the economy represents 93% of the
total workforce.
Notes
The National Commission for Enterprises in the
Unorganized Sector(NCEUS)
‚defined the informal/unorganized sector as all
unincorporated private enterprises owned by
individuals or households engaged in the sale and
production of goods and services operated on a
propriety or partnership bases and with less than ten
workers. ‚
National Commission on Labour(2002)
National Commission on Labour (2002) headed by SP
Gupta
Ensuring Gender Justice in Labour
Only a very few countries – including Iran, Pakistan and
Saudi Arabia – do worse than India when it comes to
women’s participation in the workforce.
Because of the decline in WPR of women India’s ranking
in terms of female participation rate declined from 68th
out of 83 countries in 2010 to 84th out of 87 countries in
2012.
Notes
Five major issues for women in workplace –
1. Wage gap/Equal pay
2. Career opportunities
3. Harassment
4. Having children while building a career
5. Work-life balance
Notes
Quality of women’s employment – Differ in Urban areas
(Education, Organized Sector, Receptionist) & Rural Areas
(Agriculture, bidi, textiles, bangla, making, packaging etc.)
_____________________________________________
Steps to Enhance Women Participation -> ASHA(Accredited Social
Health Activist), Anganwadi, Education can play a key role
__________________________________________
Maternity Benefit Act(amendment) of 2017
1. Maternity leave available to the working women to
be increased from 12 weeks to 26 weeks for the first
two children.
2. Maternity leave for children beyond the first two will
continue to be 12 weeks.
3. The Act also proposes provisions for crèches(a
nursery where babies and young children are cared
for during the working day) in an establishment with
50 or more workers
The Ministry of Labour and Employment has stated that
18 lakh units have been issued Labour Identification
Number (LIN) provided by Shram Suvidha Portal under
various labour laws.
The roadmap for implementing the UAN programme
has been prepared by Centre for Development of
Advanced Computing (C-DAC). Purpose: Facilitates
workers in organized sector to transfer their provident
fund deposits while switching jobs anywhere in India
easily. The UAN would be one account number which
would be allotted to a subscriber for various schemes run
by the EPFO for his or her entire service period with
different employers.
What is automation?
The use of computers to control a particular process in
order to increase reliability and efficiency, often through
the replacement of employees. For a manufacturer, this
could entail using robotic assembly lines to manufacture
a product.
Employment scenario- India & World Governance
4 out of 10 jobs would be lost to automation by 2021
1. Automation is the new normal in sectors like engineering, manufacturing, automobiles, IT and
banking
2. As automation adoption increases, all high transaction and labour intensive jobs will take a hit,
according to experts
3. There will be a visible change in the next 3-4 years, first major effects will be seen in the sectors
like manufacturing, IT and ITeS and security services and agriculture
4. By 2021, 4 out of every 10 jobs globally would be lost because of automation
5. And of these, one in every 4 will be from India. That sums up to 23 per cent of job loss in India
6. Experts said low skill and high transaction jobs will be affected as automation takes away their
jobs
7. Hiring for short term projects, flexi hiring would be the way forward in these areas for roles that
cannot be automated
Which of the following is not associated with the UNO?
A. ILO
B. WHO
C. ASEAN
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements is / are correct?
1.Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) provides cashless
health insurance to the people living below poverty line.
2. It works under aegis of ministry of labor and employment.
a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None of the above
