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DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT CULTIVAR (RAJ) FOR RAINFED AREAS OF KPK,

PAKISTAN

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Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 47(4), 355-359; 2010
ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906
http://www.pakjas.com.pk

DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT CULTIVAR (RAJ) FOR RAINFED AREAS

OF KPK, PAKISTAN
Saifullah Khan and Jahangir Khan *

Arid Zone Research Center, PARC, Brewery Road, Quetta, Pakistan

*
Corresponding author’s e-mail: jkazrc@yahoo.com

The wheat cultivar Raj 2002 having the parentage 1771, 5RK- 9RK-10RK during 1995-96 was first tested at
Agriculture research institute D.I. Khan in the 16th Elite Screening Wheat Yield Trial (ESWYT) with local check
variety BK-92. The line was selected on the basis of high yield (2839 kg ha-1) as compare to check BK-92, (2421
kg ha-1). Selected entries were promoted to B-2 test and MPT-4 (advanced yield trial) 1997-98 due to their high
yield potential, disease and drought resistant and accepted stature as compared to Daman–98 and BK-92. Best
performing entry Raj was promoted to Micro Plot Yield Trial in 1997-1998 and 1998-1999. Raj produced
maximum yield of 3215 Kg ha-1 vs. 2756 Kg ha-1 of Rawal-87 during 1997-98. This selection was further
evaluated for yield, disease and drought resistant and other agronomical traits in NUWYT conducted by National
Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad at different sites in Pakistan (1854 to 3452 kg ha-1) Table 6. Based on
higher grain yield, disease and drought resistance and better grain quality, this entry was named as Raj and was
approved by the Provincial Seed Council of Khyber Pukhtunkhaw (KPK) and released for cultivation in the rainfed
areas during 2001.
Keywords: wheat, Raj, rainfed areas, grain yield, quality

INTRODUCTION utilize high heritability and identify genotypes with high

yield potential) and stress conditions (to preserve
Wheat crop plays an important role in the agricultural alleles for drought tolerance). In the case of wheat,
system of Pakistan. Grain yield in Pakistan is much yield in extremely dry years are reduced as much as
less as compared to other wheat producing countries 81% (Dragovic, 1999).
of the world. Various factors are considered Wheat program at ARI, D.I. Khan developed strategy
responsible for better crop harvest. Among which high for drought tolerant wheat. For the said purpose Wheat
potential varieties offer a tremendous scope. Different Program screened wheat material from International
varieties of cereal respond differently through agro and local germplasm with particular emphasis on
climatic conditions of a particular area due to difference drought tolerance and disease resistant. Many
in their genetic makeup and physical life process varieties like Pirsabak-85, Daman-98, have been
(Behera, 1994). Selection of improved and high developed in the past which got extra ordinary
yielding genotypes of different cereal having a wide popularity not only in Pakistan but in the neighboring
range of adaptation to agro climatic condition is countries like Iran and Afghanistan. As wheat varieties
essential to increase the yield per hectare. Breeders run out mostly due to diseases, continuous efforts are
are making continuous efforts to improve wheat yield needed to produce new varieties to replace the old
and production in Pakistan. However, still there is big ones. The main objective of the present study was to
gap in the yield per acre of wheat as compared to screen and evaluate the ESWYT germ plasma
some other developing countries. This can be achieved received from CIMMYT in the agro ecological zones of
by the agronomic, cultural and the genetic Khyber Pakhtunkhaw (KPK), Pakistan for high yield
improvement. The improvement to 30-50% in wheat and disease resistance.
yield has been achieved by the introduction of newly
high yielding cultivar in the country (Mirza et al., 2003). MATERIALS AND METHODS
In general breeding for tolerance to drought involves
combining good yield potential in the absence of the Forty entries were received from CIMMYT in the 16TH
stress and the selection of traits that provide drought Elite Screening Wheat Yield Trial (ESWYT) and tested
stress tolerance (Blum, 1988). In defining a strategy for under the agro climatic conditions of D.I. khan during
wheat breeding under drought stress, Rajaram et al. 1995-96. The trail was planted at ARI, D.I. Khan in
(1996) suggested simultaneous evaluation of the Randomized complete block design (Gomez and
germplasm both under near optimum conditions (to Gomez, 1983) with four replications during 1995-96 for
 Khan & Khan

yield and disease resistance. Each plot consisted of six (100 - CARPA)
RRI =
rows 25 cm apart and five meter long. The line 1771, 100
5RK-9RK-10RK (Entry 5, Raj) was selected on the
basis of high yielding, drought and disease resistance. where CARPA is Country/Zonal relative (%) to highest
This variety was selected for its good plant height, attack which is calculated for each entry over locations.
maturity, disease resistance, grain yield and harvest
Index. Data on grain yield, disease reaction, plant RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
height, days to heading, and total dry matter was
recorded. On the basis of high yielding performance The history and yield performance of Raj in B-2 from
and disease resistance, the line (1771) was advanced 1995-2000 is reported in Table 2 & 5. After selection
to B-2 test with 10 genotypes having Daman-98 as from the 16th ESWYT 1995-96 (Entry 5), the variety
check and Micro Plot Yield Trial-4 (Advanced was tested in B-2 where it gives maximum grain yield
screening trial) 997-98 with twelve genotypes of 3716 Kg ha-1 as compared to check 3298 kg ha-1
including check (Rawal 87) and was planted in RCBD (Table 3). The variety was tested in MPT-4 Rainfed in
with four replications. The genotype Raj (1771) was 1997-98 and yielded 3215 Kg ha-1 as compared to
reevaluated in Micro plot yield trial -2 on the basis of other variety or check variety (Table 4). The yield data
good grain yield and disease resistance during 1998- of Micro Plot Yield Trial (Rainfed) in 1998-99 again
99 to confirm its yield stability. Each entry was sown in confirmed the yield advantage of Raj against the check
plot having six rows five meter long and 25 cm apart. variety Daman-98. Raj produced the highest yield of
Fertilizer was applied at the rate of 60:30 NP kg/ha in 3465 Kg ha-1 against the yield of 3257 Kg ha-1 of
all the trial throughout the testing of the line from 1995- Daman-98 the check variety (Table 2 & 5).
96 to 1998-99. On the basis of its good performance
genotype Raj (1771) was selected to be tested in Table 1. Percent Increase of Raj (DN-10) over
National Uniform Wheat yield Trial under the rainfed local Check in 16 ESWYT, 1995-96
conditions by National Agriculture Research Centre Grain Yield % Increase
Entry
Islamabad (coordinated wheat program) during 1999- kg ha-1 over Check
2000 as DN-10. NUWYT was planted at nineteen (19) Entry 5. Raj (DN-10) 2839 17
locations with six rows 5 meter long with row to row Entry 1. (Check) 2421
distance of 30 cm. Check varieties were different at
each location. For yield determination centre four rows Raj was evaluated for grain yield, disease and drought
of five meter long from NUWYT were harvested in all resistance and other agronomic traits in National
tests conducted for the selection of Raj (DN-10). Data Uniform Wheat Yield Trials conducted by National
were analyzed by ANOVA at 5% probability using the Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad on 19 sites
statistical package MStatC. Disease data was collected during 1999-2000. The trial consisted of 12 entries with
by CDRI, Islamabad. RRI (Relative disease Indices) different check varieties at different locations. The
was recorded by the formula variety produced high grain yield as compared to the

Table 2. History of Development of RAJ

S.No. Type of Trial Year No. of Entries Remarks
Tested
1 16th ESWYT 1995-96 40 Entry No. 5 (Raj) was selected on the basis of best
performance.
2 B2 Test (Rainfed) 1997-98 12 Raj (S. No. 10) out yielded all the entries included
the trials.
3 MPT4 (Rainfed) 1997-98 12 Raj (Entry No. 7) produced the high yield than the
check variety (Rawal-87).
4 MPT2 (Rainfed) 1998-99 10 Raj (S. No.9) produced the maximum yield as
compared the check variety (Daman-98).
5 NUWYT 1999-2000 12 Raj (Entry 11) produced Avg. yield of 2344 kg ha-1
and was higher than checks at different location.
Stood 7th in NUWYT.

356
 Drought tolerant wheat cultivar for rainfed areas of KPK, Pak.

Table 3. Grain Yield of Raj (DN-10) in B-2 Trial (1997-98)

Entry Grain Yield kg ha-1
1 2630 bc
2 3382 ab
3 3090 ab
4 3465 ab
5 2046 c
6 2756 bc
7 3215 ab
8 (Daman-98) Check 3298 ab
9 2672 bc
10 Raj (DN-10) 3716 a
Probability at 5% (Data followed by same latter are non- significant)

Table 4. Grain Yield of Raj (DN-10) in MPT-4 Trial (1997-98)

Entry Grain Yield kg ha-1
1 2756 b
2 2004 g
3 2380 d
4 3215 a
5 2004 g
6 2171 f
7 Raj (DN-10) 3215 a
8 1921 h
9 2171 f
10 2547 c
11 2255 c
12 (Rawal-87) Check 2756 b

(P> 0.05) (Data followed by same latter are non- significant)

Table 5. Zonal grain yield (Kg/ha) of Raj in comparison to local checks in various yield tests conducted
from 1995-96 to 1999-2000
S. No. Nursery/Test Year Raj Yield (Kg ha-1) Yield (Kg ha-1) Local Check
1 ESWYT 1995-97 2839 2421 (BK-92), Entry No. 5 Table 13.13
Annual Report.
2 B-2 test (Rainfed) 1997-98 3716 3298 (DAMAN-98), Entry No. 10, Table
13.36, Ann. Report.
3 MPT-4 (Rainfed) 1997-98 3215 2756 (Rawal 87), Ent. No. 7, Table
13.12, Ann. Report.
4 MPT-2 (Rainfed) 1998-99 3465 3257 (DAMAN-98), Ent. No. 9, Table
13.10, Ann. Report.
5 NUWYT, D. I. Khan 1999-2000 2792 2167 (DAMAN-98), Ent. No. 7, Table
84, Result of NUWYT, PARC, 1999-
2000.

357
 Khan & Khan

Table 6. National Comparison of Grain Yield of Raj and Local checks during 1998-1999
S. No Nursery Test Raj Kg/ha Local check yield Kg ha-1 LSD
1 Bhakar, AZRI 1854 1833 (Chakwal-86) 200
2 Chakwal Jatli 3275 3204 (Chakwal-97) 338
3 Islamabad, NARC 3452 3600 (Kohistan-97) NS
4 BARS, Kohat 2208 1775 (Suleman-96) NS

Table 7. Comparison of grain yield of Raj and local check as (NUWYT) during 1999-2000
S. No Locations Raj Kg ha-1 Local Check Yield Kg ha-1 Rank
1 ARI, Sariab, Quetta 458 292 (Sariab-9) 6
2 AZRC, Quetta 594 634 (AZRI-96) 14
3 Layyah KARORE, ARF 2313 2311 (Chakwal 86) 3
4 Narowal Shakar Garh 3150 2800 (Local Check) 7
5 Gujrat Tobacco Research Station, Kunjah 1563 1313 (Chakwal -97) 5
6 BARI, Chakwal 1696 1863 (Chakwal-97) 11
7 Chakwal JATLI, Village Babra 2138 1842 (Chakwal-97) 1
8 WRS, Rawalpindi 2563 3375 (Chakwal-97) 11
9 NARC, Islamabad 3950 3550 (Chakwal-97) 4
10 Barani Agri. Res. Station, Fatehjang, 3750 3867 (Chakwal-97) 3
Attock
11 Agri. Res. Station, Attock 3875 4125 (Chakwal-97) 10
12 ARI, D. I. Khan 2792 2167 (Daman-98) 4
13 AZRI, D. I. Khan 1746 1970 (Local Check) 13
14 ARS, Sarai Naurang, Lakki Marwat 725 1121 Suleman-96) 4
15 BARS Kohat 1700 1556 (Suleman-96) 4
16 NIFA, Taranb Peshawar 3667 4917 (Tatara) 11
17 CCRI, Pirsabak, Nowshera 3625 3550 (Sulaman-96) 5
18 ARS, Dhodial, Mansehra 2500 2550 (Suleman-96) 12
19 Garhi Dupatta Res. Farm, Muzaffarabad 1743 1160 (Local Check) 4

Table 8. Disease reaction of 12 wheat (Rainfed) lines/varieties and one local check variety
NUWY Line/Variety Source Terminal Reaction Cooperators Data
T No LR RRI YR RRI LR YR
1 94R30 WRS Rawalpindi 10 RMR (AARI) 6 20MS 7 0 10MR(NIFA)
2 95C001 BARI-Chakwal 60RMR (NIFA) 2 10S(AARI) 6 0 10MRMS(NIFA)
3 V-95022 AARI- 20MRMS(NARC) 4 40S(AARI) 0 0 0/50MS(CCRI)
Faisalabad
4 PR-69 CCRI- Pirsabak TS(AARI) 0 10MRMS 6 TR(NIFA) 20MR(NIFA)
(RWP)
5 NR-142 NARC Islamabad 5MSS(AUP) 2 20S(AARI) 4 0 5MSS(CCRI)
6 V-4 ARI- Quetta 10S(BARI) 4 10MRMS 8 TS(RWP) TR(NIFA)
(NARC)
7 BWL-949549 NIFA-Peshawar 30MRMS (RARI) 0 30MRMS 7 0 10MRMS(NIFA)
(NARC)
8 V-94195 AARI- 20MRMS (AUP) 3 20MRMS 7 TMR(BARI) 5MR(NIFA)
Faisalabad (NARC)
9 95C022 BARI-Chakwal 10 MRMS (NIFA) 4 60S (NARC) 1 TR(NIFA) 30MS(NIFA)
10 NR-138 NARC Islamabad TMS (BARI) 5 5MR (AARI) 9 5MRMS (BARI) 10MRMS(BARI)
11 DN-10 ARI. D.I. Khan 0 9 10MRMS 8 0 5MR(NIFA)
(BARI)
12 L-check - - - - 0 5S(RWP)
RRI = Relative Resistance Indices
Desirable RRI Acceptable RRI
Leaf Rust = 7 6 or 5
Yellow Rust = 7 5

358
 Drought tolerant wheat cultivar for rainfed areas of KPK, Pak.

local check (Table 6 & 7). At last after several years of 11.20 % protein and 8.98 % dry gluten (Table 9). I
hectic efforts the wheat section at ARI, D.I. Khan have excellent chapatti quality.
succeeded in a variety which is not only high yielding,
resistant to diseases and drought tolerant but also REFERENCES
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