IParts of speech or grammatical categories are essential and essential for all languages in the world.

Overall, they constitute linguistic materials which allow the formation of sentences or statements for
the transmission of a message. Since it concerns grammatical categories, we have among others
nouns, verbs, articles, pronouns, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections and prepositions, which last
class (prepositions) are at the epicenter of this work. To better approach our formulated subject
« Expressing place and time using prepositions », we will proceed as follow : defintion of KEY-
WORDS(I), categories of prepositions (II), types of prepositions (III), and finally, usage of prepositions
while expressing place and time.

I-DEFINITION OF KEY-WORDS

1-Place

2-Time

3-Preposition

II-CATEGORY OF PREPOSITION

1-Simple prepositions

A preposition is a word or phrase that connects a noun or pronoun to the rest of the sentence. As
implied by the pre in prepositions, they go before the noun they’re connecting. They can help us
quickly explain how a noun is related to other people, objects, or actions in the sentence.

2-Complex prepositions

III-TYPES OF PREPOSITIONS

1-Prepositons of place

2-Prepositions of Time

Prepositions of time are used to help us tell when something is happening, for how long it’s
happening, and more. If you notice that some of the prepositions here look strikingly similar to the
prepositions of place, that’s because prepositions can serve multiple purposes at the same time !A
preposition of time is a preposition that allows you to discuss a specific time period such as a date on
the calendar, one of the days of the week, or the actual time something takes place. Prepositions of
time are the same words as prepositions of place, however they are used in a different way. You can
easily distinguish these prepositions, as they always discuss times rather than places.

At – This preposition of time is used to discuss clock times, holidays and festivals, and other very
specific time frames including exceptions, such as “at night.”

In – This preposition of time is used to discuss months, seasons, years, centuries, general times of
day, and longer periods of time such as “in the past.”

On – This preposition of time is used to discuss certain days of the week or portions of days of the
week, specific dates, and special days such as “on New Year’s Day.”

3- prepositions of purpose

Some prepositions that can be used in this way include ‘for’, ‘to’, ‘for the purpose of’, and ‘for the
sake of’. We use prepositions of purpose to describe gaols and feeling rather than things.

4- prepositions of agency
Agency or Instrumentality prepositions are commonly used to describe a thing which is the reason or
the cause of another thing that occurs in the sentence. The most common use of Preposition of
Agency or Instrumentality is through the words – « by, with », etc.

5-prepositions of connections

A preposition of connection describes relationships, accompaniments, and possessions. To is used for

relationships between people or things, with for accompaniment, and of for possession.

6-proposition of origin

The prepositions of origin are ‘from’ and ‘of’. We use them to describe something’s origin. This
includes nationality, hometown and ethnicity. It also includes where something was designed or
built.

7-preposition of instrument

A preposition of instrument is used to indicate the tool or object used to perform an action. It
describes the means or instrument by which something is done. The most commonly used
prepositions of instrument are : By. With.

IV-USAGE OF PREPOSITIONS WHILE EXPRESSING PLACE AND TIME

This section is devoted to examples of sentences using prepositions that express space and time.

1-While expressing place

2-While expressing Time

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

While expressing place

1. In : “In” is used to indicate being inside a place or enclosed space. It suggests containment or
being surrounded by boundaries.
– Example : The cat is in the box.

2. On : “On” indicates being in contact with the surface of something. It implies a position
where one thing is directly above another.
– Example : The book is on the table.

3. At : “At” is used to specify a particular point or location. It denotes a specific spot or place.
– Example : She is waiting at the bus stop.

4. By : “By” indicates being close to something or someone. It conveys proximity or adjacency.

– Example : They sat by the fireplace.
 5. Under : “Under” is used to indicate being below or beneath something. It suggests a position
that is lower than something else.
– Example : The dog is under the table.

6. Over : “Over” indicates being above or higher than something. It denotes a position that is
elevated or surpasses another.
– Example : The plane flew over the city.

7. Beside : “Beside” indicates being next to or alongside something. It suggests a position that is
parallel or adjacent.
– Example : The lamp is beside the bed.

8. Between : “Between” is used to indicate the position of something in the middle of two or
more objects. It suggests a location that is surrounded by others.
– Example : The sandwich is between two slices of bread.

9. Among : “Among” indicates being in the midst of or surrounded by a group of people or

things. It suggests a position within a collective.
– Example : She found her keys among the clutter on the table.

While expressing Time

There may only be three prepositions of time, but the ways in which you can use them are almost
endless. In the following examples, the prepositions of time have been italicized for ease of
identification.

My birthday falls in January.

Birds often migrate in spring and autumn.

My great-grandmother was born in 1906.

Breakfast is a meal which is generally eaten in the morning.

My parents grew up in the 1960s.

My vacation ends on Monday.

We’re going bowling on Friday night.

My brother John was born on September 3rd.

We always have a huge celebration on New Year’s Eve.

Meet me at 7 :30.

The town is always well-decorated at Christmastime.

Now that my grandfather is older, he no longer drives at night.

Conclusion
In view of the above, we can conclude that there are two types of prepositions, simple and complex,
and seven categories of prepositions, including prepositions of place, time, agency, instrument,
purpose, connection and origin. Emphasis was placed on prepositions of place and time, which we
tried to illustrate with sentences. It should be noted, however, that the prepositions « in », « on »
and « at » are both prepositions of place and time. They can only be differentiated in context, as we
have seen in the example sentences.