JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA

JSS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Constituent College of JSS Science and Technology University
Approved by AICTE
Governed by the Grant-in-Aid Rules of Government of Karnataka
Identified as lead institution for World Bank Assistance under TEQIP
Scheme
DIAMOND JUBILEE YEAR: 1963 - 2023

“BIOMETRIC BASED AUTOMATED RATION VENDING

MACHINE”
A technical project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

BY

Chethan B 01JST19IP008
Hruthik Kashyap BG 01JST19IP021
Sohan Kumar SK 01JST19IP046
Suhas P 01JST19IP048

Under the guidance of

Dr Dayakar G Devaru
Professor
Department of I&PE
SJCE, JSS Science and Technology
University
Mysuru 570006

2022-2023
Department of Industrial &Production Engineering
Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering
JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru 570006

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 JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA
JSS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Constituent College of JSS Science and Technology University
Approved by AICTE
Governed by the Grant-in-Aid Rules of Government of Karnataka
Identified as lead institution for World Bank Assistance under TEQIP
Scheme
DIAMOND JUBILEE YEAR: 1963 - 2023

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled

“BIOMETRIC BASED AUTOMATIC RATION VENDING MACHINE” is a

bonafide work caried out by Chethan B (01JST19IP008), Hruthik Kashyap B G
(01JST19IP021), Sohan Kumar S K (01JST19IP046), Suhas P (01JST19IP048) in
partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Industrial and
Production Engineering of the JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru
during the year 2022-23. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for
Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report. The project report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project work
prescribed for the said Degree.

Name & Signature of the Guide Name & Signature of the HOD
Dr. Dayakar G Devaru Dr Savitha M
Professor Associate Professor and HOD
Department of I&PE Department of I&PE
JSS STU, Mysuru-06 JSS STU, Mysuru-06

Name of the examiners Signature with date

1
2.

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 JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA
JSS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Constituent College of JSS Science and Technology University
Approved by AICTE
Governed by the Grant-in-Aid Rules of Government of Karnataka
Identified as lead institution for World Bank Assistance under TEQIP
Scheme
DIAMOND JUBILEE YEAR: 1963 - 2023

DECLARATION
We do hereby declare that the project titled “Project Title” is carried out by the project
group, under the guidance of Guide(s) Name, Designation, Department of Industrial
and Production Engineering, SJCE, JSS Science and Technology University,
Mysuru in partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of Bachelor of Engineering
by JSS Science and Technology University, Mysore, during the year 2022-2023.

We also declare that we have not submitted this dissertation to any other university for
the award of any degree or diploma courses.

Date:

Place: Mysore

Chethan B 01JST19IP008
Hruthik Kashyap B G 01JST19IP021
Sohan Kumar S K 01JST19IP046
Suhas P 01JST19IP048

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 JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA
JSS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Constituent College of JSS Science and Technology University
Approved by AICTE
Governed by the Grant-in-Aid Rules of Government of Karnataka
Identified as lead institution for World Bank Assistance under TEQIP
Scheme
DIAMOND JUBILEE YEAR: 1963 - 2023

CERTIFICATE OF PLAGIARISM CHECK

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 JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA
JSS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
SRI JAYACHAMARAJENDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Constituent College of JSS Science and Technology University
Approved by AICTE
Governed by the Grant-in-Aid Rules of Government of Karnataka
Identified as lead institution for World Bank Assistance under TEQIP
Scheme
DIAMOND JUBILEE YEAR: 1963 - 2023

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our sincere efforts have made us accomplish the task of completing this project.
However, it would not have been possible without the kind support, help and
encouragement of many individuals.

We are very grateful to Dr. Savitha M Associate Professor and Head, Dept. of
Industrial and Production Engineering, SJCE, Mysuru, for allowing us to take up this
project. We express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Dayakar G Devaru, Professor, Dept.
of Industrial and Production Engineering, SJCE, Mysuru for guiding us. We are very
thankful to the Principal, SJCE, Mysuru, for providing us an opportunity and facilities
required to do the project.

Our thanks and appreciation also go to our parents, friends, classmates and the non-
teaching staff for their continuous support and encouragement for the efficient and
timely completion of our project.

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ABSTRACT
Public distribution system is a government-sponsored chain of shops entrusted with the
work of distributing basic food and non-food commodities to the needy sections of the
society at very cheap prices. Wheat, rice, kerosene, sugar, etc. are a few major
commodities distributed by the public distribution system. PDS at the Dipo level system
involves high level of corruption, fraud and scams. This research aims at providing the
solution by replacing traditional ration distribution system by biometric and digital
ration debit card distribution system, which enable to prevent the irregularities and
corruption and brings transparency in PDS (public distribution system).

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: ........................................................................................................................ 9
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 9
1.1Motivation ................................................................................................................. 12
1.2 Problem ............................................................................................................... 13
1.3 Objectives ........................................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER 2: ...................................................................................................................... 15
LITERATURE SURVEY .................................................................................................... 15

CHAPTER 3:...................................................................................................................... 26
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 26
3.1 Proposed methodology .............................................................................................. 27
3.2 Design....................................................................................................................... 28
3.3 Component list .......................................................................................................... 30
3.4 Procedure and working .............................................................................................. 30
3.5 Prototype model ........................................................................................................ 31

CHAPTER 4: ...................................................................................................................... 34
COMPONENT DETAILS ................................................................................................... 34
4.1 Hardware .................................................................................................................. 35
4.2 Software .................................................................................................................... 42

CHAPTER 5: ...................................................................................................................... 43
RESULTS AND COST OF MATERIALS ........................................................................... 43
5.1 Advantages ................................................................................................................ 44
5.2 Disadvantages ........................................................................................................... 44
5.3 Future works ............................................................................................................. 45

CHAPTER 6: ...................................................................................................................... 47
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 47

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Working of PDS ....................................................................................... 11

Figure 2: People near Ration shop ........................................................................... 13
Figure 3: Automatic paper vending machine ............................................................ 16
Figure 4: Automatic chocolate vending machine ...................................................... 17
Figure 5: Automatic facemask vending machine ...................................................... 18
Figure 6: Automatic medicine vending machine....................................................... 19
Figure 7: IOT based smart automatic juice vending machine.................................... 20
Figure 8: NFC and coin-based stationery vending machine ...................................... 21
Figure 9: IOT based coffee vending machine ............................................................ 22
Figure 10: Automatic Bhel vending machine ............................................................ 23
Figure 11: Ticket vending machine for the visually impaired persons ....................... 24
Figure 12: Milk pouch vending machine .................................................................. 25
Figure 13: 2-D view ................................................................................................. 28
Figure 14: Front view ............................................................................................... 29
Figure 15: Side view ................................................................................................ 29
Figure 16: Prototype front view ............................................................................... 31
Figure 17: Prototype top view .................................................................................. 32
Figure 18: Prototype side view ................................................................................. 32
Figure 19: Dimensional figure after implementation ................................................. 33
Figure 20: Analog to digital convertor ...................................................................... 35
Figure 21: Fingerprint scanner ................................................................................. 36
Figure 22: RFID reader ............................................................................................ 37
Figure 23: Metal gear dual ball bearing servo ........................................................... 38
Figure 24: Buzzer module ........................................................................................ 39
Figure 25: Active buzzer .......................................................................................... 39
Figure 26: LCD display module ............................................................................... 40
Figure 27: SIM800C Hardware ................................................................................ 41
Figure 28: Arduino workplace ................................................................................. 42

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CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION

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The Public Distribution System (PDS) evolved as a system of management of scarcity

through distribution of foodgrains at affordable prices. Over the years, PDS has become
an important part of Government’s policy for management of food economy in the
country. PDS is supplemental in nature and is not intended to make available the entire
requirement of any of the commodities distributed under it to a household or a section
of the society.

PDS is operated under the joint responsibility of the Central and the State/UT
Governments. The Central Government, through Food Corporation of India (FCI), has
assumed the responsibility for procurement, storage, transportation and bulk allocation
of food grains to the State Governments. The operational responsibility including
allocation within State, identification of eligible families, issue of Ration Cards and
supervision of the functioning of Fair Price Shops (FPSs) etc., rest with the State
Governments. Under the PDS, presently the commodities namely wheat, rice, sugar and
kerosene are being allocated to the States/UTs for distribution. Some States/UTs also
distribute additional items of mass consumption through the PDS outlets such as pulses,
edible oils, iodized salt, spices, etc.

 India being the second largest populated country, distribution of ration is biggest
challenge.

 Public distribution system (PDS)

The Government of India established a food distribution system under Ministry of

Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution and managed jointly with state
governments.

This system provides ration to the people. The items are rice, wheat, salt, oil and soaps
etc. These items are distributed through a large distribution shop also called as ration
shops.

The Food Corporation of India, a government- owned corporation, maintains this public
distribution system.

• The Public Ration Distribution System structure is one of the prime government
commercial schemes.

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• Its main motto is to provide food supplies such as (sugar, wheat, rice, kerosene
etc.) to the people at affordable rates from the ration shops, issued by the
government.

• The public distribution system covers over 75 % of rural household of the

country.

• In some poorest state growing up to 80 - 90 %.

• It has more than 4.8 lakh shops all over the country.

• It mostly aims 40 CR people depending on monthly supply of subsidized food

grains.

• In the year 2005 the Govt. Of Karnataka was conducted a survey regarding the
distribution of Ration card

• According to this, Govt. Of Karnataka has Distributed 1.6 Cr Ration Cards

While the Total Number of Families in The State Itself Are 1.2 Cr, nearly 40
Lakh Fake and Ineligible Cards.

• Survey conducted in the 2011 says That 57% of the PDS food grain does not
reach the people.

Figure 1: Working of PDS

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1.1Motivation

 Our project focuses on design and implementation of automatic Ration vending

machine using biometric and digital ration debit card which can be recharged or
linked to the bank account, to replace the conventional system.

 To overcome drawbacks of present ration distribution system such as.

 Inaccurate quantity of goods

 Manual work

 Low processing speed

 Large waiting time.

 Corruption

 Consumers may not be aware of ration availability.

 And to make sure food grain reaches to all people.

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Figure 2: People near Ration shop

1.2 Problems

1. Targeting and Identification: One of the key challenges is accurately

identifying and targeting the intended beneficiaries. There may be issues with
the selection criteria, inclusion errors (missing eligible households), or
exclusion errors (including ineligible households).
2. Leakage and Corruption: Leakage and corruption within the PDS can be a
significant problem. This can involve diversion of subsidized goods meant for
the poor to the open market, illegal sales, or manipulation of records. Such
issues undermine the system's effectiveness and prevent the intended
beneficiaries from receiving the benefits.
3. Poor Infrastructure and Logistics: Inadequate storage facilities,
transportation infrastructure, and distribution networks can lead to delays,
spoilage of food grains, and difficulties in reaching remote areas. These
logistical challenges can hinder the efficient functioning of the PDS.

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4. Quality and Quantity of Food: There can be concerns regarding the quality
and quantity of the commodities provided through the PDS. Issues such as
substandard food grains, expired or spoiled goods, or insufficient quantities can
arise, depriving beneficiaries of their entitlements.
5. Lack of Awareness and Information: Many eligible beneficiaries may be
unaware of their rights, entitlements, and procedures for accessing the benefits
under the PDS. Limited awareness about the system can lead to exclusion and
hinder participation.
6. Biometric and Technological Challenges: The use of biometric authentication
or technological systems for identification and tracking can face technical
glitches or connectivity issues, causing delays and inconvenience for
beneficiaries.

1.3 Objectives

 Our Project is to design and fabricate biometric based automated ration vending
machine which replaces traditional ration system.

 To avoid issues with the selection criteria, inclusion errors (missing eligible
households), or exclusion errors (including ineligible households).

 To reduce Leakage and corruption within the PDS.

 To improve Inadequate storage facilities, transportation infrastructure, and

distribution networks.

 To avoid the corruption regarding the quantity of the ration distributed.

 To improve the awareness and information about the PDS system by attracting them
through a vending machine.

 To improve biometric authentication or technological systems for identification and

tracking

This brings transparency in PDS (public distribution system).

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CHAPTER 2:
LITERATURE SURVEY

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1. AUTOMATIC PAPER VENDING MACHINE

The usage of paper is inevitable and its demand is increasing steadily particularly
in the places such as educational institutions, government offices, etc. At the
same time, time is a precious thing that one does not want to waste in any way. In
stationary shops it is quite difficult to buy papers during rush time period and
the counting of the paper depending on the requirement would cause further time delay
and there is a chance for the error in the manual counting of paper. To avoid these
problems, this project titled “Automatic Paper Vending Machine” is proposed to deliver
the paper to the public by using the sensors and microcontrollers based on the
Mechatronics principles. It will be cheaper and more economic for the bulk
production and it will be very useful for the college and school students. Here it is
designed to deliver sheets by inputting the respective coin in the system. It will help us
to save more time and manual work will be nullified

Figure 3: Automatic paper vending machine

2. AUTOMATIC CHOCOLATE VENDING MACHINE BY USING

ARDUINO UNO

This paper proposes the design of Automatic vending machine. The main objective of
our project is to launch new technology application in society. This is Arduino based

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vending machine that sales different type of chocolates from machine. This paper
attempt to provide solution in coin based vending machine which is not returned the
amount of money that is no any change from machine. The plan is to use Radio
frequency Identification along with Arduino. Once RFID is to be read then User can
select the product after card is scanned and collects the product at output unit. There
are three parts; First part is scanning of RFID card which provides cashless payment.
The second is programming unit which is implemented using Arduino. The third part is
displaying information and deliver product at output. This paper attempt to provide
solution on coin based vending machine which is not returning the money.

Figure 4: Automatic chocolate vending machine

3. AUTOMATIC FACEMASK VENDING MACHINE

A vending machine is an electronic machine that dispenses a product to a consumer

after accepting the required amount for the product especially coins. In this COVID-19
pandemic circumstance, there are several guidelines to be observed and followed to
keep us safe. One of the most essential preventive measures is the use of a face mask,
which prevent from infections and dusts. These mask vending machines give mask
availability in places including clinics, bus stops, colleges, schools, densely crowded
areas, and rural areas. To prevent the transmission of the infection it is required that the
face mask is accessible at ease and without any human interaction. The basic thought
of implementing this idea to help people with facemasks while on the go. Facemask

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vending machine was developed to make it easier for the public to have access to
facemask and personal hygiene products in mass gathering areas. The facemask
vending machine is completely automated. It can supply face masks upon the addition
of coins.

Figure 5: Automatic facemask vending machine

4. AUTOMATIC MEDICINE VENDING MACHINE

Although looking towards the requirement, need of medicine. This vending machine
provide medicine 24*7. This machine will store medicine into it and according to user
requirement it will dispatch the medicine. It includes major components such as
Atmega16 controller, ESP8266, DC Motor, IR sensor, Motor driver IC (L293D) and
container to dispatch medicine. Our vending machine can store different types of
medicine such as pain killers, cold, cough, fever, dizziness etc. DC Motor will rotate
and accordingly it will dispatch the medicine. IR sensor will sense the dropping count
of medicine. Action of DC motor are controlled by motor driver IC. All these systems
are controlled by central ATmega16 controller, which is programmed to receive input
from the user via ESP8266 wifi module and to perform and control all the necessary
components required to dispense the medicine requested by the user. To place order
user, have to select the medicine from the webpage. Webpage will introduce different
section such as to select medicine, quantity of medicine required, order confirmation
and payment section. After user successful payment on the webpage order of the
medicine will be communicated to the controller through ESP8266 wifi module.
ESP8266 wifi module can work both as access point (can create hotspot) and as a station

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(to connect wifi ) . Main purpose is to provide medicine in remote area, rural area where
medical stores are not within reach. So, this medicine vending machine can be viewed
as an automatic medicine vending machine to place the order on large scale so that
infinite number of users will be able to access it anytime

Figure 6: Automatic medicine vending machine

5. IOT BASED SMART AUTOMATIC JUICE VENDING MACHINE

The Proposes of this project is to design of an IOT based Automatic Juice vending
machine. This project is based on Internet of Things (IOT) which aims to provide a
smart juice vending machine for the people. And it Provides a different kind of fresh
and cool juice. This vending machine reduces the human efforts. A juice vending
machine is a machine that gives out different kinds of fruit juice when a person inserts
a coin into it, therefore it is a coin based vending machine this project is implemented
using 8051 microcontrollers. This vending machine is an automatically operated juice
extractor. This Vending machine makes it easier for making small purchases, it
occupies less space and it doesn’t need any continuous monitoring. The operation
should be easy with good efficiency. The machine should cost less and easy to
manufacture. In this vending machine A solenoid valve is used for juice dispense, and
juice level sensor is used for measuring the juice level in reservoir tank. A temperature

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sensor is used for measuring the temperature of juice and if temperature goes high
above the threshold value, then cooler is activated for cooling the juice. The data are
sent wirelessly to the cloud over the internet using ESP-8266.ThingSpeak, IOTGeek,
etc., are the various IOT cloud platform available on which data is displayed, visualized
and store securely. In this way records are stored digitally and is easily accessed and
analysed by the owner.

Figure 7: IOT based smart automatic juice vending machine

6. NFC AND COIN BASED STATIONERY VENDING MACHINE

Vending machines have become an increasingly important distribution channel in the

private sector. In Educational institutions and office stationery vending machine is of
great importance. This System proposes is based vending machine that dispatches A4
sheets once the RFID card is read. The users can select the required item after the card
is scanned and collect the item in the output unit. The system is divided into three parts,
the first part deals with the scanning of RFID which provides cashless payment. The
second one is the programming unit which is implemented using µC/OSII. The third
part is the display unit which displays information and delivers the required item based

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on the information sent from the microcontroller. An embedded system vending

machine is designed to achieve and portable machine that can sell items automatically.
Automatic vending machines are not that common in our country. Hence implementing
such a machine in Realtime will be of great use for people. The advantage of the
machine is it requires no manpower, consumes less power, occupies less space
maintenance free simple in operation portable. The objective is to develop a vending
machine prototype model for vending the items by credit or transaction. The availability
of the items is also checked. It finds its application mainly for students.

Figure 8: NFC and coin-based stationery vending machine

7. IOT BASED COFFEE VENDING MACHINE

The rise of the Internet of Things has led to an explosion of sensor computing platforms.
The complexity and applications of IoT devices range from simple devices in vending
machines to complex, interactive artificial intelligence in smart vehicles and drones. In
the paper we put forward the design of the coffee vending machines based on the

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technology of internet of things and its remote management system, which is aiming at
the present problems, such as the high administrative cost and the difficulties in data
analysis. This design not only makes the sales and supply information available; it can
survey this information into cloud corner through WIFI as well.

Figure 9: IOT based coffee vending machine

8. AUTOMATIC BHEL VENDING MACHINE

Technology is developing in food industry with the help of automation. Usually, there
is tremendous crowd at Snack Centres, Bhel Stalls near gardens, hospitals, and colleges.
It is required to deliver Bhel in time. However due to manual operation of preparing
Bhel, it is not possible to deliver in time. This kind of scenario can be changed by
providing Automatic Bhel Vending Machine that will work faster and can serve more
people as compared to conventional Bhel makers. It has both mechanical and electronic
systems. The works such as design, modelling, fabrication, assembly are included in
mechanical engineering along with actuators, microcontroller and electronic circuits. It

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can be installed in malls, institute’s canteen, hospitals; offices etc. It can be purchased
by existing Bhel makers.

Figure 10: Automatic Bhel vending machine

9. TICKET VENDING MACHINE FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED

PERSONS

In the field of technology, every day new inventions are introduced in the society for
promotion human beings life. By virtue of which all the citizens of society are
facilitated according to their needs of life style. Most of the people from developed
countries are benefited in all ways of life due to their nonstop efforts and struggle in the
field of technology. However, some are completely denied due to lack of awareness and
lacking of technical education in the subject field. The handicapped people are not very
well explored in each part of world, especially third world countries by the researchers.
So, we can claim it, for their weaknesses and so-called interest to understand more

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about the handicapped people worldwide. To understanding about such people will
provide us with opportunities to excel in the subfield. There is a big gap between the
handicapped and society which causes to cut them off from society. This gap needs to
be filled in, while carrying out researches in the desired fields. Our research area is
related to ticket reservation machine for the visually impaired people, to make the
process easy for them to buy ticket at their own from the ticketing machine. After
studying different articles on the subject, it is proved that many inventions have already
been done by researchers and others are in progress for helping out the handicapped
people. We have presented screen prototypes of the interface of the ticketing machine
for the visually impaired people. We collected many hardware devices as one kit which
can be use in the machine for the visually impaired users. It will enhance their power
of visual sense to perform tasks at their own. There are some principles to follow in
building up any system for visually impaired or blind people. If followed these
principles in true sense it will facilitate to make new interface designs for interaction
with visually impaired or blind users in friendly way. In this way we can overcome the
shortcomings between normal and visually impaired people, which will be a great
achievement to serve the deprived people.

Figure 11: Ticket vending machine for the visually impaired persons

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10. MILK POUCH VENDING MACHINE

In today world everything is going computerized and all the machines are brilliant and
has higher efficiency than human. And in the long run machines are more profitable
than humans. Today everyone uses gadgets and follow technology. In the dairy product
world, India is the world’s biggest producer and consumer of dairy Milk production
totals 140bn litres a year. But in milk dispersion it is found that in numerous regions
people go to milk store, in the pinnacle time of morning and night which cost them their
precious time. They have to wait in long line hanging tight for getting milk from milk
man or milk store. And in this covid situation it is very hard to go buy milk, wait in line,
and buy the milk. This present dissemination arrangement of the need to change due to
taking some time in top occasions, thus to keep away from the above issue, here we
propose a method to overcome above challenges and given a gadget framework.
Customers mainly buys milk from or nearby milkman with cash. In this proposed
framework work with RFID card based rather than genuine paper cash. The milk
disseminated by distributing the gadget according to client milk necessities. The milk
pouches will be dispersed by machine according to client milk necessities.

Figure 12: Milk pouch vending machine

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CHAPTER 3:
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

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3.1 Proposed methodology

• In our proposed system customer fingerprint is used for identification and ration
card which act as debit card through which the money will be withdrawn.

• This card can be either recharged through the specific application or can be
linked to the customer bank account.

• If the customer has to buy any ration, he/she have to enrol and verify through
fingerprint reader.

• Fingerprint template scanned is compared with the database by microcontroller

if match is found, then details of the consumer will be displayed on the LCD
display which is already stored in the user Database.

• After authentication is done ARM Processor enables the motor which is

connected to the ration material container to dispense the ration materials

• Dispensed ration materials will be collected in the container(bowl), which is

weighed by load cell, when the collected ration is matched with prefixed

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quantity, ARM processor disables (turn’s off) the motor, after collecting the
ration material dispensing unit will sends the signal to the processor.

• After the completion of ration dispensed, a message will be sent to the

consumers registered phone number about purchase details using GSM.

3.2 Design

2-D view

Figure 13: 2-D view

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Front view

Figure 14: Front view

Side view

Figure 15: Side view

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3.3 Component list

1. Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) for Weigh Scales

2. R307 Fingerprint Module
3. EM-18 RFID Reader
4. MG996R High Torque (Metal Gear Dual Ball Bearing Servo)
5. Active Buzzer Module
6. 2004 LCD Display Module with Blue Backlight
7. SIM800C_Hardware_Design_V1.02
8. Arduino IDE

3.4 Procedure and working

Before using this machine

 The details of the beneficiaries who come under PDS system should be
collected.
 The details may be Aadhar card and related government documents
 This details much be linked together and should be stored in a central server.
 A ration card cum debit card should be provided to the beneficiaries.
 This card could be directly linked to the bank account of the beneficiary or they
could be any alternative app or centres where beneficiary can recharge the card.

Procedure of usage
 First the customer to go near the vending booth and place his recognised finger
on the biometric reader.
 The biometric reader will after the reding displays the details of the customer
containing the name, date of birth, address and his/her ration details.
 After verifying the details, one must proceed to tap the provided ration card
which act as a debit card as well.
 After the use of card, one must place the utensils or any similar food collection
item under the dispenser.
 The dispenser will open and dispense the required quantity of item.

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3.5 Prototype model

Figure 16: Prototype front view

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Figure 17: Prototype top view

Figure 18: Prototype side view

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3.6 Dimensions

Figure 19: Dimensional figure after implementation

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CHAPTER 4:
COMPONENT DETAILS

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4.1 Hardware

1. Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) for Weigh Scales

Based on Avia Semiconductor’s patented technology, HX711 is a precision 24-bit

analog to-digital converter (ADC) designed for weigh scales and industrial control
applications to interface directly with a bridge sensor. The input multiplexer selects
either Channel A or B differential input to the low-noise programmable gain amplifier
(PGA). Channel A can be programmed with a gain of 128 or 64, corresponding to a
full-scale differential input voltage of ±20mV or ±40mV respectively, when a 5V
supply is connected to AVDD analog power supply pin. Channel B has a fixed gain of
32. Onchip power supply regulator eliminates the need for an external supply regulator
to provide analog power for the ADC and the sensor. Clock input is flexible. It can be
from an external clock source, a crystal, or the on-chip oscillator that does not require
any external component. On-chip power on-reset circuitry simplifies digital interface
initialization. There is no programming needed for the internal registers. All controls to
the HX711 are through the pins.

Figure 20: Analog to digital convertor

APPLICATIONS
• Weigh Scales
• Industrial Process Control

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2. R307 Fingerprint Module

Figure 21: Fingerprint scanner

Operation Principle
Fingerprint processing includes two parts: fingerprint enrolment and fingerprint
matching (the matching can be 1:1 or 1: N).
When enrolling, user needs to enter the finger two times. The system will process the
two-time finger images, generate a template of the finger based on processing results
and store the template. When matching, user enters the finger through optical sensor
and system will generate a template of the finger and compare it with templates of the
finger library. For 1:1 matching, system will compare the live finger with specific
template designated in the Module; for 1: N matching, or searching, system will search
the whole finger library for the matching finger. In both circumstances, system will
return the matching result, success or failure.

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3. EM-18 RFID Reader

Figure 22: RFID reader

The EM-18 RFID Reader module operating at 125kHz is an inexpensive solution for
your RFID based application. The Reader module comes with an on-chip antenna and
can be powered up with a 5V power supply. Power-up the module and connect the
transmit pin of the module to receive pin of your microcontroller. Show your card
within the reading distance and the card number is thrown at the output. Optionally the
module can be configured for also a Weigand output.
Typical Applications
 e-Payment
 e-Toll Road Pricing
 e-Ticketing for Events
 e-Ticketing for Public Transport
 Access Control
 PC Access
 Authentication
 Printer / Production Equipment

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4. MG996R High Torque

Metal Gear Dual Ball Bearing Servo

Figure 23: Metal gear dual ball bearing servo

This High-Torque MG996R Digital Servo features metal gearing resulting in extra high
10kg stalling torque in a tiny package. The MG996R is essentially an upgraded version
of the famous MG995 servo, and features upgraded shock-proofing and a redesigned
PCB and IC control system that make it much more accurate than its predecessor. The
gearing and motor have also been upgraded to improve dead bandwidth and centring.
The unit comes complete with 30cm wire and 3 pin 'S' type female header connector
that fits most receivers, including Futaba, JR, GWS, Cirrus, Blue Bird, Blue Arrow,
Corona, Berg, Spektrum and Hitec. This high-torque standard servo can rotate
approximately 120 degrees (60 in each direction). You can use any servo code,
hardware or library to control these servos, so it's great for beginners who want to make
stuff move without building a motor controller with feedback & gear box, especially
since it will fit in small places. The MG996R Metal Gear Servo also comes with a
selection of arms and hardware to get you set up nice and fast!

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5. Active Buzzer Module

Figure 24: Buzzer module

The word “buzzer” comes from the German “summon” – to buzz. It is essentially a
sound-emitting device traditionally used as a signal device. Today, buzzers can be
electromechanical or piezoelectric. The functions of a buzzer are numerous. They can
be used to raise an alarm, observe and note the status of equipment, indicate commands,
enhance user interactions, etc.
The active buzzer module consists of a piezoelectric buzzer with a built-in oscillator;
thus the sound frequency is fixed. It produces a single-tone sound when the signal is
high. It generates a sound of approximately 2.5 kHz when a signal is high.
Active buzzer which also called indicator with driving circuitry built into the device.
That means only need a dc voltage is applied, the sound can be produced. However, it
can only get a continuous or pulsed audio signal since the frequency is fixed.

Figure 25: Active buzzer

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6. 2004 LCD Display Module with Blue Backlight

Figure 26: LCD display module

This LCD 2004 Parallel Display Module is very commonly used in various devices and
circuits and also easy to interface with Arduino or Other Microcontrollers. A 2004 LCD
means it can display 20 characters per line and there are 4 such lines. In this LCD each
character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely,
Command and Data. This is standard HD44780 controller LCD.
The values shown on the display can be either a simple text or numerical values read
by the sensors, such as temperature or pressure, or even the number of cycles that the
Arduino is performing.

Features:
 20 characters wide, 4 rows.
 White text on the blue background.
 The module can easily interface with an MCU.
 The module is a low-power consumption character LCD Module with a built-in
controller.
 Single LED backlight included can be dimmed easily with a resistor or PWM.
 Can be fully controlled with only 6 digital lines! (Any analog/digital pins can
be used).

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7. SIM800C_Hardware_Design_V1.02

Figure 27: SIM800C Hardware

SIM800C is a quad-band GSM/GPRS module that works on frequencies

GSM850MHz, EGSM900MHz, DCS1800MHz and PCS1900MHz. SIM800C features
GPRS multi-slot class10/class12 (optional) and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-
1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.
With a tiny configuration of 17.6*15.7*2.3mm, SIM800C can meet almost all the space
requirements in customers applications, such as smart phone, PDA and other mobile
devices. SIM800C is a SMT package with 42 pads, and provides all hardware interfaces
between the module and customers’ boards.
 One 3 lines serial port and one full modem serial port;
 One USB, the USB interface can debug, download software;
 One audio channel which include a microphone input and a speaker output;
 Programmable general-purpose input and output;
 One SIM card interface;
 Support Bluetooth (need software support).
SIM800C is designed with power saving technique so that the current consumption is
as low as 0.6mA in sleep mode.

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4.2 Software

1. Arduino IDE:
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user
community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and
microcontroller kits for building digital devices. The Arduino Integrated Development
Environment - or Arduino Software
(IDE) is a cross-platform application that is written in functions from C and C++.
It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, contains a text
editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for
common functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino and hardware to
upload programs and communicate with them.

Figure 28: Arduino workplace

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CHAPTER 5:
RESULTS AND COST OF MATERIALS

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5.1 Advantages

1. There will no inaccuracy in quantity of goods delivered to the consumer.

2. The manual work is reduced.
3. The overall processing speed will improve.
4. The waiting time will be reduced.
5. The distribution hours can be increased, may be even 24*7.
6. People can collect the ration whenever their time permits rather than waiting for
the distributors.
7. The interaction of middle men will be reduced.
8. The corruptions, scams and frauds can be prevented.
9. Fake ration card will be eliminated.
10. Usually there will be two queues to collect the ration, one for biometric
authentication and other for the collection of food grains, hence from our
product this may be reduced to single queue.
11. It is a win- win situation for both government and customer.
12. Data of the users can be directly under the surveillance of the government or the
agency.
13. The data of the user will be stored safely and accessing it will also be easy.
14. It avoids data duplication i.e., single family using multiple ration cards.
15. The billing system and transaction messages will be transparent to customers,
which increases their faith towards the government or the agency.

5.2 Disadvantages

1. The data collection and biometric collection at the initial stages of the
beneficiaries will be more time consuming.
2. It will take some time for the beneficiaries to adjust to the new process.
3. The power is required to run the machine.
4. A maintenance person will be required for servicing the machine
5. The server may sometime run slow or even shut-down.

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5.3 Future works

1. The machine can be operated through renewable energy.

2. There can be even better cyber security plan to protect the data.

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COST OF MATERIALS

Sl no Item name Page no

1 Arduino Mega 2,800
2 R307 Optical Fingerprint Reader Sensor Module with JST 2,300
SH Connector
3 LCD 2004 Display Module, 20x4, Blue-Backlight 530
4 I2C Serial Interface Module for LCD 200
5 SIM800C GSM Module with Antenna 1,700
6 EM-18 RFID Reader Module with with Adapter, SLE 1,100
7 HX711 Load Cell Amplifier 24-Bit A/D Converter Module 240
8 MG996R Servo Motor, 180° Rotation, Metal Gear, 1,280
TowerPro
9 Active Buzzer Module, 3.3V-5V, CrystalSparrow 120
10 Weighing Load Cell Sensor, 5kg (Strain Gauge) 800
11 PVC WPC Board, 10mm 600
12 3D Printing Charges 1,000
13 DC Power Jack with Screw Terminal, Female 40
14 Power Adapter, 12V, 2A, 5.5mm DC Plug, Robo Plu 300
15 Servo Power Module 500
16 Miscellaneous 2,990
TOTAL 16,500

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CHAPTER 6:
CONCLUSION

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The Public Distribution System (PDS) of India undertakes the responsibility of

distributing fundamental necessities to families surviving below the poverty level.
Public Distribution System in India is the most extensive food distribution system
across the globe. PDS fall under Food and Public Distribution. The Ministry of
Consumer Affairs administrates the Public Distribution System of the Indian
Government.

In order to avoid the PDS system from the corruptions, frauds and scams, we have come
up with this idea "Biometric based automated ration vending machine”.

This product will overcome many problems such as quantity fraud, excess waiting time,
excess distribution time, scams done by ration distributors, fake ration card, middle men
interaction, long queue and provides data protection, data duplication and it will be
beneficial for both government as well as consumers.

If this product is successfully implemented it minimizes many faults in the current

public distribution system.

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References

1) Vending MarketWatch: This website provides news, articles, and resources

related to the vending industry, including trends, technology, and business
insights. You can find it at: https://www.vendingmarketwatch.com/
2) Vending.com: This website offers a wide range of vending machines for sale,
along with information about different types of vending machines, financing
options, and support services. Visit them at: https://www.vending.com/
3) Vending Times: Vending Times is a monthly magazine that covers the vending
industry, including articles on vending machine technology, product trends, and
business strategies. You can find their website at:
https://www.vendingtimes.com/
4) NAMA - National Automatic Merchandising Association: NAMA is an
organization that represents the vending and refreshment services industry.
Their website provides industry news, resources, and information about events
and education opportunities. You can visit them at: https://www.namanow.org/
5) Vending Connection: This website offers a variety of resources for vending
machine operators, including articles, classified ads, industry events, and a
directory of suppliers. Check it out at: https://www.vendingconnection.com/
6) Vending MarketWatch Buyer's Guide: This comprehensive guide provides a
directory of vending machine manufacturers, suppliers, and service providers.
You can access it at: https://www.vendingmarketwatch.com/buyers-guide
7) Vend Central: This website offers a range of resources for vending machine
operators, including business guides, marketing tools, and software solutions.
Visit them at: https://vendcentral.com/
8) Vending Connection's Vending Machine Directory: This directory provides a
listing of vending machine manufacturers, distributors, and suppliers from
around the world. You can find it at:
https://www.vendingconnection.com/yellow-pages/yp-vending/
9) Vending World: This website offers both new and used vending machines for
sale, as well as parts and accessories. You can explore their offerings at:
https://www.vendingworld.com/
10) Vending MarketWatch’s Vending Machine Technology: This section of the
website provides insights and information about the latest vending machine

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technologies, including cashless payment systems, remote monitoring, and

touchless interfaces. You can find it at:
https://www.vendingmarketwatch.com/technology
11) Vending Times Product Guide: This online resource provides a comprehensive
directory of vending machine products, including snacks, beverages, healthy
options, and more. You can access it at:
https://www.vendingtimes.com/productguide
12) Vending Machine Business Startup Guide: This guide provides valuable
information and tips for starting a vending machine business, including market
research, selecting locations, and managing operations. You can find it at:
https://www.fundera.com/business-loans/guides/vending-machine-business-
guide
13) Vending Machine Forums: Online forums can be a great source of information
and community for vending machine operators. Vending forums like Ven
discuss (https://vendiscuss.net/) and The VEN Discuss Forums
(https://vendiscuss.net/) allow users to ask questions, share experiences, and
learn from each other.
14) Vending Machine Manuals: If you're looking for specific information about
operating or maintaining a particular vending machine model, manufacturers
often provide downloadable manuals on their websites. You can check the
manufacturer's website or do a search for the specific model you're interested
in.
15) Vending Machine Industry Reports: Research reports and market analysis can
provide insights into the vending machine industry, including market size,
growth trends, and forecasts. Companies like
IBISWorld(https://www.ibisworld.com/) and MarketResearch.com
(https://www.marketresearch.com/) offer reports on the vending machine
industry that can be purchased for more in-depth analysis.

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APPENDIX

Team members with Guide and the Product

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Team members

Name :Chethan B
Usn :01JST19IP008
Phone No : 9880954643
Email :chethanbegur7708@gmail.com

Name :Hruthik Kashyap BG

Usn :01JST19IP021
Phone No : 9380424287
Email :hruthikkashyapbg@gmail.com

Name :Sohan Kumar SK

Usn :01JST19IP046
Phone No : 8095431937
Email : sohanroy2001@gmail.com

Name :Suhas P
Usn :01JST19IP048
Phone No : 9743282071
Email : suhaspapanna1272001@gmail.com

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