Concept Generation and Selection
EE4900 Senior Design
Prepared by: Rick Berkey September 30, 2008
Concept Generation and Selection
Learning Objectives
A customer-focused, phased approach to doing design The importance of the concept design phase A tool to help you be more successful on your projects
Outline
Overview of Development Process Concept designs Concepts, brainstorming, and teaming The 10-step method Application on your projects Questions Additional references
Phases of a Development Process
Who is/are your customer(s)?
Identify Customer Needs Concept Definition Planning and Specification
What are their needs? What is most important? Can these needs be translated into measurable criteria?
You are here!
How many different ways can we achieve the customer requirements? What is the best design concept with which to move forward?
What are the performance/design specifications? What are the design criteria (inputs) that achieve the customer requirements (outputs)? Y=f(x) What are the detailed design criteria values and tolerances?
Development
How does manufacturing capability factor into design performance? How can you improve the design for robustness and value?
Validation
How well do prototypes meet customer requirements? Does your design work over the range of expected conditions?
Delivery and 9-October 2007 Support
How do you ensure consistency AFTER delivery? What needs to be monitored and how often? What happens when parts/processes/materials do not meet specs.?
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Concept Designs
What? A concept design is simply a bigpicture solution to your customer requirements When? Explore concepts BEFORE locking in on a detailed design, but only AFTER you have determined your customer needs The goal? A robust conceptmore on this later
Concept car designs:
Detailed design: features.pdf
Design problems always have more than one solution
Concepts, Brainstorming, and Teaming A Balanced Approach
more options, more time up-front no bad ideas, out-of-thebox thinking
Planning
better at evaluation
Teams
Brainstorming
Concept Generation and Selection
Individuals
Structure
better at creativity
Execution
drives purpose, decision, and documentation
less flexibility, more costly to make changes
Concept Generation and Selection in 10-steps
1. Determine customer requirements for your design 2. Define importance / weighting factors for these
requirements 3. Decide how the team will convey concepts 4. Establish a strong base-case concept 5. Generate MANY concepts 6. Evaluate concepts using a Pugh matrix 7. Identify the best 2-3 new concepts 8. Look for hybrid solutions and identify a new basecase 9. Do a reality check - start over if needed 10. Select a robust concept and move forward
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1. Determine customer requirements
The most important step in Example: Design a transportation the design process! system to get to class Requirements are functional product or service measures that directly relate to the customers true needs Customers define the whats and the engineering team develops the hows Ask the customer communication with your sponsor, input from their customers, surveys, etc.
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2. Define importance/weighting factors for the requirements
Not everything is equally important! Looking at the needs in total, reducing risk of over/under designing Suggest a 1-3-5 scale for low-medium-high importance, respectively
Example: Design a transportation system to get to class
3. Decide how to convey concepts
A standard way will Example: Design a transportation system to get to class drive an objective means of evaluation The nature of the design task will help determine a natural way to display Examples: Sketches, Example: Design the best route to class schematics, process flow maps, storyboards, Gantt charts
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4. Establish a strong base-case concept
The best initial design the team and/or sponsor have thought of The leading competitors approach The current design (if redesigning) A strong baseline raises the bar for your brainstorming efforts
Example: Design a transportation system to get to class Base-case = walking
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5. Generate MANY concepts
You know your customer requirements, how to display your concepts, and the target to beat so Get creative allow time and place for individual creativity Brainstorm vs. Braindrizzle quantity is your focusno bad ideas initially
Example: Design a transportation system to get to class
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6. Evaluate your concepts using a Pugh matrix
Pugh matrix a tool to facilitate the concept evaluation and selection process The base-case gets a score of 5 for each of the customer requirements New concepts are scored relative to the base-case with a 1-5-9 approach: Much worse than the basecase, score a 1 Roughly equal to the basecase, score a 5 Much better than the basecase, score a 9 Work across the matrix for each customer requirement Important for teams: Dialog, listening, communication - understand team differences Consensus - do not average individual scores or matrix will fail to yield useful info. Directional tool -only much better or worse matters
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The completed Pugh matrix for our transportation system example
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7. Identify the best 2-3 concepts
Excluding the base-case, look at the highest weighted totals Proceed to step 8.
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8. Look for hybrid concepts
Mix / match the best parts of the strongest concepts Encourages further idea generation what if we
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9. Do a reality check
Is your new base case realistic? Are you missing customer requirements? Do you have unnecessary requirements? Is the base case weak? Team dynamics, effort?
Is telecommuting really a viable solution for you to get to class? brainstorming
evaluation The value of any tool lies in knowing when & how to use it
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10. Select a robust concept and move ahead
Has potential to delight the customer (not just satisfy) Employs a systems approach Not easily copied by competitors Review with your customer get their feedback
At this stage your team is now migrating from creativity & brainstorming towards action & decision
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Application on your projects
Use this process to develop concept designs for your projects. Teams should brainstorm many concepts (5,10, 20, perhaps more). Use results to justify your concept design to your sponsor and advisors. Include the matrix and associated discussion/critique in your PDR and final report documentation. Some considerations:
What is the nature of the design task for your project? System level design? Component design? Process design? Application design? Are your customer needs translated into measurable criteria? How do you plan to get the importance weightings? Deciding on the base-case? How will you encourage and maximize individual creativity in your teams? Required materials/logistics for brainstorming team space, Post-It notes, whiteboards, flip charts, laptop, etc. When do you need to present a proposed design concept to your sponsor?
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Questions?
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Additional references
TRIZ (pronounced Trees): Russian for Theory of Inventive Problem Solving http://www.triz-journal.com/
Six Sigma Methodologies: can search here for tips on brainstorming, applications of Pugh matrix, etc. http://www.isixsigma.com/
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