CONTEMPORARY

/kənˈtempəˌrerē/
THE CONTEMPORARY CONTEMPORARY
WORLD adjective adjective

GEd 104 1. living or occurring at 2. belonging to or

the same time. occurring in the present.

AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE

THE CONTEMPORARY UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION
STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
WORLD SEVEN (7) UNITS UNIT 2 - THE STRUCTURES OF GLOBALIZATION
WITH VARIOUS UNIT 3 - THE WORLD OF REGIONS
A. Competencies
SUBTOPICS
designed to introduce students to varied concepts and UNIT 4 - THE WORLD OF IDEAS 1. Distinguish different interpretations of and approaches to globalization;
perspectives of globalization UNIT 5 - GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY
2. Describe the emergence of global economic, political, social,
and cultural systems;
its effects to different social units and different UNIT 6 - TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE WORLD
3. Analyze the various contemporary drivers of globalization;
challenges posed by it. UNIT 7 - GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP 4. Understand the issues confronting the nation-state; and
5. Assess the effects of globalization on different social units and their responses.

AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Globalization Concepts, Meanings, Features, and
B. Skills Dimensions
UNIT 1 Unit I deals with the introduction to -process in which people, ideas and goods spread throughout the world,
1. Analyze contemporary news events in the context of globalization; globalization where students will be able to spurring more interaction and integration between the world's cultures,
2. Analyze global issues in relation to Filipinos and the Philippines; and
present their own personal concepts of governments and economies
3. Write a research paper with proper citations on a topic related to globalization.
globalization; and be able to identify different -a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies,
C. Values underlying philosophies out of these notions and governments of different nations, a process driven by international
trade and investment and aided by information technology
1. Articulate personal positions on various global issues; and
2. Identify the ethical implications of global citizenship
 Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

Years since the Second World War, and especially during the Effects?
past two decades:
Example:
on environment,
governments have adopted free-market economic systems
on culture, People are engaged in buying and selling from other places
Governments have negotiated dramatic reductions in barriers
on political systems, in far-away lands like the famed Silk Road across Central Asia
to commerce and established international agreements to
on economic development and prosperity, that connected China and Europe during the Middle Age for
promote trade in goods, services, and investment
and on human physical well-being in societies around the world thousands of years and they also invested in enterprises in other
corporations have built foreign factories and established
production and marketing arrangements with foreign partners countries for centuries.

international industrial & financial business structure = a defining feature of globalization Globalization is about growing worldwide connectivity.

Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

Before outbreak of First World War 1914 and CURRENT WAVE TECHNOLOGY Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

SIMILIARITIES: an increase cross border- trade, investment, and Globalization Concepts, Meanings, Features, and
a principal driver of globalization
migration due to policy and technical developments transform economic life Dimensions
-process in which people, ideas and goods spread throughout the world,
DIFFERENCE(S): Today’s globalization is farther, faster, cheaper, information technologies provide all sorts of economic factors spurring more interaction and integration between the world's cultures,
and deeper (consumers, investors, businesses, analyses of economic trends, governments and economies
easy transfers of assets, collaboration with far-flung partners, etc.)
-a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies,
Example: and governments of different nations, a process driven by international
Since 1950, the volume of world trade has increased by 20 times Globalization is the process of integration of economies across the trade and investment and aided by information technology
and from 1997 to 1999, flows of foreign investment nearly doubled world throughcross-border flow of factors product and information
from $468 billion to $827 domestically.

Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

Globalization Concepts, Meanings, Features, and Globalization Concepts, Meanings, Features, and
Dimensions Dimensions

Globalization is the process of integration of economies across the world Globalization is an expansion, and intensification of social relations and
throughcross-border flow of factors product and information consciousness across world time and world space. It is about growing
FOUR CHARACTERISTICS
worldwide connectivity according to Steger. OF GLOBALIZATION
Globalization is the growing economic interdependence of
countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross border
transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows and
also through the more rapid and wide diffusion of technology - IMF
 1. It involves both the creation of new social networks 2. Globalization is reflected in the expansion and
and the multiplication of existing connections that cut the stretching of social relations, activities, and What are involved in SOCIAL STRETCHING?
across traditional, political, economic, cultural, and connections.
geographical boundaries. ฀Non-governmental organization
EXAMPLE: ฀Commercial enterprises
฀Social clubs
EXAMPLE: ฀ Reaching of financial markets around the globe
฀Regional & global institutions and associations (UN, EU, ASEAN, and
฀ Occurrence of electronic around the clock
others)
Brazilian World Cup: Today’s media combine conventional TV coverage Emergence of gigantic and virtually identical shopping malls in all
with multiple streaming feeds into digital devices and networking sites that continents to cater to consumers who can afford commodities all over
transcend nationally based services. the world-including products whose various components were
manufactured in different countries -- social stretching.

3. Globalization involves the intensification and 4. Globalization processes do not occur merely or an
acceleration of social exchanges objective, material level but they also involve the It extends deep into the core of the self and its
and activities. subjective plane of human consciousness. dispositions, facilitating the creation of multiple individual
and collective identities nurtured by the intensifying
EXAMPLE:
Globalization involves both the macro-structures of a relations between the personal and the global. They differ
The worldwide web relays distant information in real time global community and the micro-structures of global from each other by acceleration in the speed of social
฀Satellites provide consumers with instant pictures of remote events
personhood. exchanges and widening of geographical scopes
฀Sophisticated social networking by means of Facebook or Twitter has
become routine activity for more than a billion people around the
globe.

1. The Prehistoric Period 2. The Pre-modern Period

(10000 BCE-3500 BCE) (3500 BCE- 1500 CE)

-earliest phase of globalization

HISTORICAL PERIODS OF -contacts among hunters and gatherers around the world -invention of writing and the wheel were great social and
GLOBALIZATION were geographically limited technological boosts
-due to absence of advanced forms of technology,
globalization was severely limited
 3. The Early Modern Period
(1500-1750)

-period between the Enlightenment and the Renaissance

(In this period, European Enlightenment project tried to
achieve a universal form of morality and law. This with the
emergence of European metropolitan centers and
unlimited material accumulation which led to the capitalist
world system helped to strengthen globalization.

https://byjus.com/

4. The Modern Period Dimensions of Globalization

(1750-1970) DIMENSIONS OF
GLOBALIZATION
-Innovations in transportation and communication 1. Economic Dimension
technology, population explosion, and increase in -extensive development of economic relations across the
migration led to more cultural exchanges and globe as a result of technology and the enormous flow of
transformation in traditional social patterns. Process of ECONOMIC RELIGIOUS capital that has stimulated trade in both sources and
industrialization also accelerated. POLITICAL IDEOLOGICAL goods
CULTURAL

Major players in the current century’s global economic Major Sources of Economic Growth across Countries Dimensions of Globalization
order 2. Political Dimension
1. Property rights
Huge international corporations -an enlargement and strengthening of political
2. Regulatory institutions
(General Motors, Walmart, Mitsubishi) interrelations across the globe
3. Institutions for macro-economics
International Economic Institutions
4. Stabilization
(IMF, World Bank, The World Trade Organization) Political Issues that Surface in this Dimension
5. Institutions for social influence
฀Trading Systems 1. The principle of state sovereignty
6. Institutions for conflict management 2. Increasing impact of various intergovernmental organization
3. Future shapes of regional and global governance
Economic institutions have decisive influence on investment in physical and human
capital, technology, and industrial productions. It is also important for resource
distribution.
 Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

The globalization rendered almost powerless any political Dimensions of Globalization

efforts to introduce restrictive policies affecting individual
states, with the results that the world in many ways turned into Example:
3. Cultural Dimension
a borderless world. Governments often seek to restrict the ฀Global cities like New York, London, Tokyo, and Singapore -increase in the amount of cultural flows across the globe.
migration of peoples, especially those coming from the poor are closely connected with one another than they are to Cultural interconnections are at the foundations of
countries in the global South. various cities in their own countries. contemporary globalization
฀European Union, United nations, NATO, The World Trade
Organization Individualism and consumerism which are the dominant cultural
In the development of supra-national structures and associations characteristics of our age circulate much more easily than they
held together by common concerns and mutually agreed upon did in earlier periods.
norm, the most obvious is political globalization.

Dimensions of Globalization

Cultural diversity often results hybridization- a constructive 4. Religious Dimension

interaction process between global and local characteristics Media empires generated and directed the extensive flow of Religion - personal or institutionalized set of attitudes,
which is often visible in food, music, dance, film, fashion, and culture. Examples of these are Yahoo, Google, Microsoft, and beliefs, and practices relating to or manifesting faithful
language. As a result there is a scarcely any society in the world Disney. Advertisement plays an important role in this cultural devotion to an acknowledged ultimate reality or deity
that expresses itself in its own self-contained and authentic flow by featuring various celebrities in the television aside from
transforming newscast into entertainment shows. - most important defining element of any civilization as contrasted
culture
with race, language, or way of life.

Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

Jihadist globalism - religious response to the materialist 8 principles that

assault by the ungodly West in the rest of the world Example: summarize the
ROMAN CATHOLIC TEACHING
-considered a pure form of Islam, its disciples seek to destroy
฀ Bin Laden understands umma as a single community of OF GLOBALIZATION Roman Catholic
believers professing faith in the one and only God, but at the
all those alien influences that have been imposed on Muslim same time committed to destroying not only alien invaders Teachings
people. but also corrupt Islamic elites in order to return power to the
Muslim masses.
It applies to those extremely violent strains of religion that
฀ Since one third of the world’s Muslim population lives in 1. Commitment to universal human rights
convert the global imaginary into very concrete political non-Islamic countries, the restoration of God’s proper reign
agendas and terrorist tactics. It is also applied to those violent 2. Commitment to the social nature of the human person
must be a global event. Hence, Al-Qaeda established jihadist
fundamentalists in the West who seek to transform the world cells in various parts of the world. 3. Commitment to the common good
into a Christian Empire
 Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

4. Solidarity (The principle of Solidarity affirms that membership Justice is divided in three (3) categories:
in the human family means that all bear responsibility for one
6. Subsidiary (The Catholic Church teaches that decisions should 1. Commutative justice
another.)
be made at the lowest level in order to achieve the common good. This aims at fulfilling the terms of contracts and other promises on
5. Preferential option of the poor (In the Theology of the
both personal and social level.
Incarnation- Christ God became poor for us so as to enrich us by 7. Justice 2. Distributive justice
his poverty. The poor are susceptible to the effects of
This ensures a basic equity in how both the burden and the goods
environmental irresponsibility because they live in countries where 8. Integral Humanism- is concerned with whole person of society are distributed and that ensures that every person
cheap building materials and cheap labor are readily available.
enjoys a basically equal moral and legal standing apart from
They regularly work in farming, fishing, and forestry, areas which
differences in wealth, privilege, talent and achievements
suffer environmental damage).

Unit 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

Dimensions of Globalization Dimensions of Globalization

3. Social justice
5. Ideological Dimensions
This refers to the creation of the conditions in which the first
two categories of justice can be realized and the common Ideology - system of widely shared ideas, beliefs, norms Globalization is a social process of intensifying global
good identified and defended. and values among a group of people interdependence while...

- often used to legitimize certain political interests or to Globalism is an ideology that gives the concept of
According to catholic teaching, a just society is
defend dominant power structures neo-liberal values and meanings to globalization.
one which these forms of justice are assured
because they are required by human dignity.

MAJOR IDEOLOGICAL CLAIMS OF MAJOR IDEOLOGICAL CLAIMS OF MAJOR IDEOLOGICAL CLAIMS OF

ADVOCATES OF GLOBALISM ADVOCATES OF GLOBALISM ADVOCATES OF GLOBALISM
1. Globalization is about the liberalization and 2. Globalization is inevitable and irreversible.
global integration of markets. 3. Nobody is in charge of globalization.
Globalists believe that spread of market forces driven
The problem with this claim is that liberalization and by technological innovations is inevitable in This claim seeks to depoliticize the public debate on
integration of markets happen through political globalization. Neoliberals use this claim to convince globalization and neutralizing anti -globalist
project of engineering free markets by interference of people to adopt the natural discipline of the market if movements.
centralized state power, and it is in contrast to the they want to prosper, which implies the elimination of
neoliberal ideal of limited role of governments. government controls over the market.
 MAJOR IDEOLOGICAL CLAIMS OF MAJOR IDEOLOGICAL CLAIMS OF
References:
1. searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/globalization
2. http://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/

ADVOCATES OF GLOBALISM ADVOCATES OF GLOBALISM 3. Thomas Friedman. (2012). International Politics: Concepts, Theories, & Issues. Sage publications.
Edited by Rumki Basu
4. https://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/
5. Cherunilam, Francis (2010). International Business: Text and Cases. 5th Edition.PHI Learning Private

END OF
Limited. New Delhi.

5. Globalization furthers
6. Cited by Charles Michell (2000). International Business Culture. World Trade Press. California
7. Steger. Manfred Globalization: A Very Short Introduction Published by OUP Oxford
8. Pereira, Carlos and Vladimir Teles (2011). Political Institutions, Economic Growth, and Democracy:

4. Globalization benefits everyone. the spread of democracy in the world.

The Substitute Effect. https:// www. brookings. Edu/ opinions/ political- institutions –economicgrowth-
and- democracy- the – substitute- effect/. January 19
9. Rodrik, D. (2007). One Economics Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic

UNIT 1
Growth Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Globalists talk about the benefits of market liberalization such as

10. Book Review on Globalization: a very short introduction. Faculties of American Studies. http:// www.
For the globalists democracy and free markets are synonymous. American. Mcgill.ca/nast/; http:/ /www. American. Edu/sis /cnas.
11.(a,b,c,) Seazolts, Kevin R (2012). A Virtuous Church: Catholic Theology, Ethics, and Liturgy for the
rising global living standards, economic efficiency, individual freedom, 21st Century

The neoliberal explanation of globalization is ideological because it is 12. Samuel P. Huntington (1997). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York:

and technological progress. But the reality is that the opportunities of Touchstone/Simon and Schuster
13. Johnston, Douglas M. Religion and Culture: Human Dimensions of Globalization. http:// indian
politically motivated and contributes to the construction of particular
globalization are spread unequally and power and wealth are strategic knowledge online. com/ web/ C31 Johns. pdf
14. Seazolts, Kevin R (2012). A Virtuous Church: Catholic Theology, Ethics, and Liturgy for the 21st
meanings of globalization which stabilize existing power relations. Century
concentrated among a specific group of people, regions and 16. (a,b) Steger, Manfred. Globalization: A Very Short Introduction. Published by OUP Oxford

Globalism tries to create collective meaning and shape people’s

corporations.
identities.