• NAME : G.
Mahalakshmi
HISTORY
• REGISTER NO : 11524060033
• YEAR : 1st
• BRANCH : Cybersecurity
OF • SEMESTER 1
• COLLEGE NAME : SCHOOL OF
INTERNET
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
• UNIVERSITY NAME : Dhanalakshmi
Srinivasan University
• ACADEMIC YEAR : 2024-2025
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
What is the Internet?
The Internet began in 1969 as a project of the U.S. Department of
Defense called ARPANET, or Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network. The goal of this project was to design a
nationwide computer network that could withstand major disasters.
If one part of the network was destroyed, the other parts would
continue to function due to the decentralized structure of the
network In the early days of ARPANET, there were four computers in
the United States attached to the network. Today, there are millions
all over the world.
Most people define the Internet as a
collection of computer networks, but
what exactly is a network? A network is
a group of two or more computers
connected together with cables that
allow the computers to share
information. Computers that are “on the
Internet” all use the same protocols to
send information back and forth,
allowing them to communicate with
each other.
In the Internet's early days (the 1960s and 1970s), only
government, military, and educational institutions had
computers connected to the Internet. The Internet was
originally designed for research and scholarly
communication. For example, the Internet began to be
used for informal communication, entertainment, and
eventually commerce, as more businesses connected to
the Internet in the 1990s. According to statistics compiled by
Nua Internet Surveys Ltd., some 605.60 million people worldwide
were connected to the Internet as of September 2002.
Today, the Internet remains decentralized,
but it is no longer structured entirely around
government computers. It is comprised of
independently owned and managed
individual networks of all sizes. The larger
networks with high-speed connections are
sometimes called backbone providers.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) lease
Internet connections from the backbone
providers and sell connections (also called
Internet accounts) to consumers. Most home
and small business users connect to the
Internet with dial-up accounts to ISPs using a
modem and special communications
software.
Uses for the Internet
The Internet has a special significance for the
library community because it allows patrons --
both children and adults -- who do not have
computers to keep up with the Internet for
business and academic purposes. Libraries, to
a great extent, help bridge what is called the
"digital divide." The services listed below would
be unattainable for many unless they were
provided free of charge by the community's
public library.
E-mail allows libraries and patrons to send messages back and forth to
individuals or groups.
Telnet allows libraries and patrons to connect to a remote computer and
use it as if you were there.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) allows libraries to transfer files to and
from other computers.
Usenet allows libraries and patrons to participate in group discussions on
specific topics.
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) allows libraries and patrons to chat in real
time with one or many users.
World Wide Web allows libraries and patrons access to literally millions of
Web sites worldwide.
What is the World Wide Web?
One reason for the Internet's growth explosion is the ease of use
and popularity of the World Wide Web and its graphical, “point-
and-click” user interface. The World Wide Web was invented in
1989 by Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at the European Particle
Physics Laboratory (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland.
The World Wide Web is based on hypertext,
which is a method of linking documents using embedded hyperlinks. Hyperlinks
can be text, which is usually underlined or a different color than the main text, or
graphics. World Wide Web documents are created using a special computer
language called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). HTML coding
embeds clickable links in documents and enables simple formatting.
