CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 1

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MODULAR WIND ELECTRICITY

GENERATOR FOR LIGHT-ADMITTING-DIODE LIGHTING SYSTEM

_______________________________________

A Research Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Teacher Education

Cagayan State University

Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

_______________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Technical Vocational Teacher Education

Major in Electronics Technology

_______________________________________

CIMATU, PRINCES B.

RESEARCHER
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 2

Table of Contents
TITLE PAGE..............................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.............................................................................................ii
DEDICATION..........................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................iv
Chapter 1.....................................................................................................................6
The Problem and its Background............................................................................7
Introduction.................................................................................................................9
Hypothesis...................................................................................................................10
Objective of the Study.................................................................................................11
Conceptual Framework...............................................................................................12
Research Paradigm.............................................................................................................13
Statement of the Problem...........................................................................................14
Significance of the Study............................................................................................15
Definition of Terms....................................................................................................16
Scope and Delimitations............................................................................................19
Chapter 2...................................................................................................................20
Review of Related Literature and Studies............................................................19
Wind Energy..............................................................................................................15
History of Wind Power.............................................................................................16
Significant of Wind Energy.......................................................................................17
Modular Wind Electricity Generator.........................................................................18
Chapter 3...................................................................................................................26
Research Methodology............................................................................................26
Research Design........................................................................................................35
Setting of the Study...................................................................................................35
Participants of the Study............................................................................................35
Research Instruments................................................................................................35
Data Gathering Procedures........................................................................................36
Data Analysis ............................................................................................................37
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 3

Ethical Consideration................................................................................................38
Chapter 4...................................................................................................................39
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation Of Data..............................................39
Chapter 5...................................................................................................................40
Summary of Findings, Conclusion, and Recommendation..................................40
REFERENCES............................................................................................................
APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………………
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 4

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to everyone who has contributed to this research

project.

Firstly, I would like to thank our Almighty God for the wisdom, knowledge, and

strength to complete this research.

I would like to extent my sincere thanks to my research adviser, Engr. Ronaldo

Bautista, for his invaluable guidance, suggestion, encouragement, and support throughout the

entire research process. I would like also to express my gratitute to Engr. Marc Ian A.

Rambuyan for generously sharing his knowledge and expertise, which enrich the quality of

this research paper, his contribution, unwavering support , and guidance helped this research

finish.

Furthermore, I would like to thank Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus for

giving me the learning opportunity that helped me to develop valuable life lessons of

patience, perseverance, resilience, and most of all, the endless pursuit of knowledge.

Lastly, I would like to express gratitude towards my parents for their endless support

and sacrifice. This would be impossible without their support and guidance.
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 5

DEDICATION

I dedicate this research paper to our all mighty God, whose constant guidance, strength and

protection to the way throughout this research process. I am grateful for God’s grace that

gives me knowledge, strength, and determination to overcome the challenges of this research.

To my research advisor, whose patient, guidance, knowledge, and commitment

greatly influenced this research. I am thankful for his valuable advice, feedback, and constant

encouragement, which not only improved my research but also inspired me to aim higher and

overcome things beyond my limitation.

To my parents, whose love, support, and sacrifice made this journey possible. I am

grateful for their encouragement and support.

Finally, I dedicate this study to myself, as a symbol of commitment, hard work, and

determination to succeed despite challenges. May this research stand as a mark of passion in

learning and making a positive impact in the society.

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 6

Abstract

The power consumption has been largely increasing, and the natural resources are

slowly depleting due to the exploitation of fossil fuels. This study focuses on the design and

implementation of a portable wind electricity generator to power LED (light-emitting diode)

lighting systems for remote areas, emergencies, and electrical problems. The objective of this

study is to determine the empirical evidence of a wind electricity generator to harness wind

energy. The search involved the efficiency, portability, and cost-effectiveness of a small-scale

modular wind electricity generator. The results show that the portable wind electricity

generator can provide a stable power supply in remote areas, emergencies, and electrical

problems. This technology has the potential to improve access and resilience in remote and

off-grid communities. The data gathered shows that the device is sustainable, electrically

generated, portable, and capable in storing energy. The highest voltage is generated when the

wind turbine is mounted, the voltage is moderate when placed on the side of the road, and the

lowest voltage is acquired when it is outside the house.

Key Words: depletion of natural resources, portability, functionality

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 7

Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

The need for power consumption has been largely increasing due to the advancement

of living standards” (Chien, J.; Tseng, K.; Yan, B. 2011), reasons for this include economic

development, rising population, and technological developments. In the increasing demand of

electricity depletion of our natural resources for future generations eminent. However, despite

this economic and technological advancement it is to be noted with critical importance, more

than a billion people around the world still lack access to electricity, and millions more

receive low-grade and inadequate supplies (Lily Odarno, Ph.D., 2017). In today’s major cities

and urban centers, their lifeblood is mainly power utilities, aside from water supply and

information technology. Other concerns related to energy are reliability and affordability,

which translate to economic losses and damages when delayed or interrupted.

Technological advancements are essential in addressing modern challenges and

improving the efficiency and sustainability of energy use. However, these advancements

often lead to an increased reliance on capital, which can result in higher energy consumption

per unit of production (David C. P., 2001). The continued dependence on fossil fuels for

energy production has led to numerous negative environmental consequences, including

global warming, air pollution, and increased health risks (Sudharshan R. P., et al., 2022).

These issues underscore the urgent need for sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources that

can provide reliable electricity without causing environmental harm. The Philippines is

moving to the preservation of nature, promulgated Republic Act 9513, otherwise known as

the act promoting the development, utilization, and commercialization of renewable energy
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 8

resources, and for other purposes. This is to mainstream the source of power production in

the country to more ecological renewable sources.

For hundreds of years, wind power has been acknowledged as a feasible source of

“free energy”, from its oldest forms of energy, which were ancient civilizations around the

world used to propel boats, pump water, and run simple machines for grinding and cutting

woods. However, wind has gone beyond simple sailboats or farmhouses, looking at it as the

second largest renewable energy source, a global total of 837 GW a year. In this history of

wind power, we look at how the technology developed, its impact on society, and how it is

being used today. The first-ever known wind turbine used to produce electricity was built in

Scotland in the year 1887 by Prof. James Blyth; this cloth-sailed wind turbine was installed in

the garden and was used to charge accumulators to power the lighting system in the cottage,

thus making it the first house in the world to have its electricity supplied by wind power

(Shahan, Z., 2014). The Philippines is an ideal location for wind energy generation due to its

varying topography and climate, which makes it one of the most capable countries to harness

wind energy. This type of energy is abundant on elevated topographies where wind velocity

and pressure are high enough to make turbine generators rotate and generate power or

electricity.

Wind power energy is getting more shares in the total energy production and is

growing bigger and bigger at the rhythm of technology. The project’s goal is to prototype a

vertical-axis 1 m x 1 m wind turbine that needs an appropriate portable blade force

measurement using a device connection while making the simple design and accurate

information gathered using mechanical to electrical that concludes with proof through testing.
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 9

This kinetic energy functions as one large energy transfer between wind power and

electrical power through various internal processes within the structure itself. The wind must

first be transformed into mechanical energy through a prototype aerodynamic rotor blade; this

rotor will turn and rotate an internal shaft that must be connected to the motor of the turbine

directly or through a system of gears and belts (Jacob, C.B., 2022), which then can be used to

power the LED lighting system.

In this study, a prototype is designed and implemented for a modular wind generator

system as an alternative source of electricity. This is installed to generate or charge the

battery, which will eventually be used to power up the LED lighting system and other power-

receiving appliances with short loads. This project requires a small DC motor as a generator,

lightweight blades, LED lights, and a base and support structure. The design and steps for

implementation for the system in outdoor conditions.

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 10

Statement of the Problem

This research sought to explore on alternative to electrical energy generation. The study

aimed to design and implement a modular wind electricity generator system that can

efficiently and sustainably power LED lighting systems in various settings, providing reliable

and environmentally-friendly lighting solutions.Specifically, the study sought to answer the

following questions:

1. What is the initial cost of setting up a modular wind electricity generator and how it par

with the solar power system?

2. How is the performance of the modular wind electricity generator in terms of the time to

power up the LED light load when installed in rural and urban?

3. What is the economic benefits of modular wind electricity generator , particularly in terms

of cost savings on electricity the return of investment (ROI)?

4. How can the scalability of a modular wind electricity generator system be effectively

optimized to accommodate varying energy demands and environmental conditions, while

maintaining efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness?

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 11

Hypotheses

This study tested the hypotheses below:

1. There is no significant difference on the average power up time of the LED light of the

modular wind electricity generator performance when installed in rural and urban places

respectively?
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 12

Objective of the Study

I, the researcher, aimed to design and implement a fully functional prototype of a

small-scale modular wind electricity generator for LED lighting systems. The study seeks to

achieve the following:

 Appropriately design a modular wind electric generator for an LED lighting system.

 How should the design be implemented to the empirical evidence of wind electricity

generation to harvest wind energy?

 How efficient is the device to power the LED lighting system?

 How cost-effective is the small-scale modular wind generator?

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 13

Conceptual Framework

The design and implementation of a modular wind electricity generator to power LED

lights involves several key steps. Design specifications are then developed based on the

identified energy needs and site conditions, determining the optimal size and configuration of

the wind turbine modules. Low cost components are carefully selected for the system,

ensuring compatibility and efficiency. The system is integrated, connecting the wind turbine

and LED lights, with a control system to manage electricity flow. Scalability and flexibility

are incorporated into the design to allow for future expansion or modification. Installation

and commissioning are executed following safety standards, with thorough testing prior to

regular operation. Evaluation and optimization processes continuously improve efficiency

and cost-effectiveness. This framework provides a structured approach to creating a

sustainable and reliable wind electricity generator system for powering LED lights

effectively.
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 14

Research Paradigm

The first block is the study’s INPUT, which includes the design of a modular wind

turbine, DC motor, charge controller, lead-acid battery, and wires.

The second block is the PROCESS, which consists of the implementation of the

constructed and fabricated modular wind electricity generator, its testing, and its

modification.

The third block is the OUTPUT, which will determine the performance of the

empirical evidence of wind electricity generation to harvest wind energy to power LED
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 15

lighting systems.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Craft materials of Construction and Modular wind

wind turbine fabrication of electricity
DC motor wind propeller generator set-up
Charge controller Testing and for LED lighting
Battery modication system
Wire

Significance of the Study

The study explores the design and implementation of a modular wind electricity

generation system for LED lighting systems, offering significant benefits to various sectors.

Students Research:This study offers students and researchers hands-on experience in

renewable energy technologies, particularly wind energy, enhancing their understanding of

electricity generation, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability, and equipping

them with practical skills.

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 16

CSU Administration:The study provides a platform for CSU administration to

develop and integrate renewable energy policies, preparing future engineers, scientists, and

policymakers with knowledge and tools to address climate change and energy consumption.

Community:A modular wind electricity generator could provide renewable, energy-

efficient LED lighting to remote communities, improving quality of life, energy autonomy,

and environmental sustainability, thereby promoting long-term resilience and addressing

immediate lighting needs.

Government:This research can be utilized by governments to promote energy

efficiency and renewable energy solutions, particularly small-scale wind generators. These

technologies reduce dependence on fossil fuels, meet global climate goals, and catalyze

projects to reduce environmental impact.

Policymakers:This study provides policymakers with data and evidence to support

renewable energy adoption and sustainable development, promoting clean energy use,

reducing ecological impact, and integrating wind power for small-scale applications.

Research Adopter:This study offers valuable insights for renewable energy

researchers, focusing on modular wind energy systems. It could lead to improved wind

turbine technology, energy storage, and widespread adoption of clean energy solutions.
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 17

Definition of Terms

LED (Light Emitting Diode): A semiconductor that emits light when electric current passes

through it.

DC: Electric current that flows in one direction only.

Generator: A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Aerodynamic: The study of forces and motion of objects through the air.
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 18

Propeller: A device that converts rotational motion into directional thrust.

Wind Energy: Renewable energy harnessed from the kinetic energy of wind.

Small-Scale Wind Turbine: A micro wind turbine with low energy output.

VAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine): A wind turbine with a rotor that spins around a

vertical shaft.

Prototype: An early version of a product for future development.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The modular wind electricity generator can provide a renewable and reliable power

source for LED lights in various settings, including off-grid locations, outdoor events, and

emergency situations. Its modular nature of the system allows for flexibility in configuration

and scalability to accommodate different energy needs and environmental conditions. The

LED lights are energy-efficient, and when powered by a wind electricity generator, they

contribute to sustainability by reducing electricity consumption and carbon footprint. Over

time, the use of wind electricity to power LED lights can result in cost savings compared to
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 19

traditional grid electricity or generator fuel. By harnessing wind energy instead of relying on

fossil fuels, the system helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promotes a cleaner energy

transition.

The effectiveness of the wind electricity generator is dependent on the availability and

consistency of wind in the area, which may vary seasonally or due to weather conditions.

Setting up a modular wind electricity generator system can require a significant upfront

investment in equipment and installation, which may be a limitation for some users. Wind

turbines can have visual impacts on the landscape, which may need to be considered in

certain settings or communities where aesthetics are important.

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature on “Design and Implementation of Modular Archimedes

Vertical Wind Electricity Generator for LED Lighting System”

Wind Energy: An Overview

Wind energy is one of the oldest renewable energy sources, utilized by humanity

since around 4000 BC. It was first harnessed for various purposes such as propelling boats,
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 20

pumping water, and grinding grain (Kristensen, S., 2015). The primary characteristic of wind

energy lies in converting the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy, which can be

transformed into electricity using wind turbines (Jacob, C.B., 2022).

Wind turbines convert wind energy into mechanical work, which is then transformed

into electrical energy. Wind turbines come in various sizes, with large installations known as

"wind farms." Wind energy has been used for centuries due to its simplicity and the

abundance of air in almost all regions. In ancient times, windmills served as a mechanical

solution to energy needs, a concept that evolved into modern wind turbine technology

(Deisadze, L., 2013).

Wind turbines operate on the principle of "lift" and "drag," where the blades function

much like an airplane wing. The wind creates a low-pressure zone on one side of the blades,

which results in lift, while drag occurs on the front side of the blade. This interaction between

lift and drag makes the rotor spin (Deisadze, L., 2013).

As the global demand for energy increases, wind energy has gained prominence as an

alternative to fossil fuels due to its environmental benefits and reduced carbon emissions.

Wind energy has become a significant contributor to renewable energy globally, with wind

power capacity reaching approximately 837 GW by 2020 (GWEC, 2020). The technology

behind modern wind turbines has improved efficiency, allowing for large-scale electricity

generation.

Environmental Impact and Adoption of Wind Energy

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 21

Wind energy is considered an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fossil

fuels, as it helps mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and reduce pollution. By reducing

reliance on coal, oil, and natural gas, wind energy can lower emissions of carbon dioxide,

nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide, contributing to cleaner air and reducing the greenhouse

effect (ESTF, 2009). Despite the advantages, there are challenges in implementing wind

energy, including location-specific wind speeds, costs of installation, and local resistance to

large-scale wind farms (Balta-Ozkan et al., 2014).

Local Context: Wind Energy in the Philippines

The Philippines, with its geographical advantages, is particularly well-suited for wind

energy. Its wind potential is high in coastal areas and elevated regions where consistent wind

speeds are found. As the country moves toward a greener energy future, it has increasingly

turned to wind turbines as a viable alternative to conventional energy sources. Wind energy

in the Philippines is part of the broader strategy to reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels,

which remain a significant portion of the nation's energy mix.

In the Philippines, the growing demand for energy has prompted the country to invest

in renewable resources, including wind energy. The Philippines, with its tropical climate, has

substantial potential for harnessing wind energy. The country has already made progress in

using renewable resources such as hydroelectric power, solar energy, and wind energy

(Solenergy Systems Inc.).

The Philippines, which consumes approximately 1.260 quadrillion Btu annually, has

recognized the importance of wind energy as a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels. Wind
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 22

turbines are used in areas with adequate wind resources to supply energy. This transition to

renewable energy sources like wind can help mitigate the environmental impact of

conventional energy production, as wind energy does not contribute to air pollution or carbon

emissions (Moraleda, J., 2015).

Several wind farms have already been established, such as the Bangui Wind Farm, the

first wind farm in Southeast Asia, which has a capacity of 33 MW. Other wind energy

projects are under development, with the government keen on increasing the share of

renewable energy sources in the country’s overall energy supply. The installation of modular

wind generators, which can be scaled according to local needs and installed in both urban and

rural areas, is a promising solution for decentralizing energy access. In remote areas or

regions with unreliable grid access, modular wind generators could provide consistent, off-

grid electricity, contributing to energy security.

Small-scale wind energy projects have garnered attention in the Philippines for their

potential to provide electricity to rural and off-grid areas. These projects use small to

medium-sized turbines that can generate sufficient energy for residential, agricultural, or

community-based needs. The design of modular wind electricity generators, as a

decentralized system, makes them highly adaptable to various environments, from remote

farming areas to urban rooftops. As research continues to improve turbine efficiency, these

systems could become more affordable, making wind energy more accessible to a broader

population.

Modular Wind Electricity Generators

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 23

Modular wind electricity generators represent a significant innovation in wind energy,

particularly in the context of decentralized power generation. These systems can be scaled

and tailored to meet the energy needs of specific locations, such as residential homes, farms,

or small communities. The idea of modular systems is appealing for regions with limited

infrastructure or where energy distribution from the central grid is unreliable. For example, in

rural or island communities, a modular system can be deployed without the extensive

infrastructure required for large-scale wind farms.

Recent studies have focused on modular wind electricity generators, particularly in

small-scale and decentralized applications. Small-scale turbines are seen as efficient solutions

for areas lacking reliable access to the electrical grid, such as remote communities (Lily

Odarno, 2017). Modular designs allow for flexibility, scalability, and adaptability, ensuring

that energy needs can be met sustainably and efficiently.

The development of modular wind generators has focused on creating portable and

cost-effective systems for residential, agricultural, and emergency power needs (Alam, F. et

al., 2020). These modular systems can enhance energy resilience, particularly in regions

prone to power disruptions.

One of the main challenges with wind energy, especially with smaller-scale turbines,

is optimizing their efficiency. Research on modular wind generators has emphasized the

importance of rotor design, blade angle, and material selection to maximize energy capture

and minimize energy loss (Musial et al., 2016). By improving these aspects of wind turbine

design, modular systems can generate more power at lower wind speeds, making them more

suitable for diverse environments.

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 24

Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness of Wind Turbines

The efficiency of wind turbines depends on several factors, including turbine height,

blade size, and wind speed. Studies indicate that wind turbines perform optimally when

installed in high-wind environments, with the energy output increasing as wind speeds rise

(Chien, J. et al., 2011; Tabak, M. & Almadi, H., 2018).

The cost-effectiveness of wind turbines is also closely linked to their efficiency.

Studies have shown that turbine efficiency can be optimized by considering factors such as

turbine height, blade size, and wind speed. Higher wind speeds lead to increased turbine

efficiency, which is why wind turbines are often placed in areas with consistently high winds.

Moreover, with technological advancements in materials, turbine components, and design

optimization, the cost per watt of electricity generated by wind turbines has decreased

significantly over the past decade (Deisadze, L., 2013).

A key factor in increasing the efficiency of wind turbines is optimizing their control

systems. Some studies have focused on enhancing the yaw control mechanism, which adjusts

the position of the turbine relative to the wind direction. By improving yaw control, turbines

can capture more energy and reduce mechanical stress, thus increasing their lifespan and

performance (Wu et al., 2016). In addition, modular wind turbines can benefit from

integrated storage systems that allow excess energy to be stored during periods of high wind

activity, making energy more readily available during periods of low wind.

However, the cost of designing and installing wind turbines remains a challenge.

Larger turbines require significant space and infrastructure, and the initial installation cost
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 25

can be high. Nonetheless, investing in modular and small-scale wind generators is proving to

be cost-effective in the long term, particularly when combined with energy storage systems.

This combination can improve energy security and reduce reliance on non-renewable energy

sources (Nicolau, W. et al., 2020).

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs)

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) have gained attention in recent years due to

their potential for operation in areas with low or variable wind speeds. Unlike Horizontal

Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs), VAWTs have blades that rotate around a vertical axis,

offering several advantages, including simplicity in design and the ability to capture wind

from any direction (Deisadze, L., 2013).

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) have received attention as a more versatile

alternative to Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs), especially for small-scale or urban

installations. VAWTs have blades that rotate around a vertical axis, which allows them to

capture wind from any direction without the need for complex yaw mechanisms. This makes

them suitable for locations with turbulent or variable wind patterns, where horizontal turbines

might be less efficient (Whittlesey, R., 2017).

Recent studies highlight the potential of VAWTs in regions with lower wind speeds,

such as in parts of Saudi Arabia, where turbines with Savonius designs have been used to

generate power at wind speeds of 12–15 m/s (Jendoubi, N., 2020). In addition, optimization

techniques for VAWT blades can significantly improve their performance and increase power
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 26

output, making them viable for domestic-scale power generation (Bavin, L., Chowdhury H.,

2020).

Wind Turbine Blade Design Optimization

Research on wind turbine blade design optimization is crucial for enhancing

aerodynamic performance, reducing noise, and improving energy capture. Optimization

approaches, including adjustments to blade shape, material, and angle of attack, can

significantly improve wind turbine performance (Wu et al., 2016). Studies show that

improvements in blade design can increase energy output, especially in low-speed wind

regions.

Conclusion

The literature consistently supports the viability and potential of wind energy,

particularly in the context of small-scale, modular wind electricity generators. These systems

offer a promising solution for providing sustainable and cost-effective energy, especially in

areas lacking reliable grid access. The focus on VAWTs, in particular, aligns with the goal of

creating modular, flexible, and efficient wind energy solutions. This research proposal,

therefore, aims to contribute to the design and implementation of modular Archimedes

Vertical Wind Electricity Generators for LED lighting systems, providing a sustainable

energy solution for residential and remote applications.

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 27

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter outlines the procedure for conducting the study, covering key aspects

such as design, site location, seasonal and weather conditions, portability, and cost-

effectiveness for a modular wind electricity generator to power an LED lighting system.

Research Design
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 28

The project development method was employed to conceptualize the design and

model of the small-scale modular wind electricity generator. The focus is on producing

vertical blades that gather wind from any direction. A gearbox is added to the vertical axis

wind turbine to increase the kinetic energy transferred to the generator, thus collecting more

electricity.

Figure 1: Illustration of Blade Layout

The design of this study employs a quantitative experimental approach to assess the

performance of a DC-powered system that harnesses energy from wind electricity generation.

The primary focus is on evaluating the efficiency of the system in converting wind energy

into usable power for an LED lighting setup. Through structural modeling, the study seeks to

optimize the device's ability to consistently generate energy, ensuring a stable voltage output

even in situations where power is unstable or during unexpected power outages. By analyzing

these parameters, the study aims to demonstrate the system's potential as a reliable and

sustainable energy solution.

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 29

Research Locale

The study will be conducted in the Municipality of Malalao, Tabuk City, Kalinga,

specifically on Malalao Hill, which features a rolling terrain covered in haycock green grass

and a nearly symmetrical, scenic landscape. This location presents an ideal environment to

test the performance of a modular wind electricity generator for an LED lighting system. The

area's topography and wind conditions make it particularly suited for evaluating alternative

residential power sources. The research aims to provide a sustainable and efficient solution

for off-grid living, offering an alternative to traditional solar power systems while ensuring

continuous energy generation.

The research will use resources and knowledge from Cagayan State University.

Faculty and students will help create, carry out, and analyze a modular wind electricity

generator, adding academic quality and ensuring good methods are used.

Data Gathering Procedure

The study was conducted in the highland area of Malalao, Tabuk City, Kalinga,

known for its elevated terrain. The research involved randomly selecting homes within the

residential community to participate in the experiment. These selected households were

provided with an alternative power supply through the use of a modular wind electricity

generator. This setup aimed to assess the feasibility and efficiency of wind energy as a
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 30

sustainable source for residential power, offering a practical solution for off-grid areas with

limited access to conventional electricity.

Research Instruments

In this study, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (denoted as r)

was utilized as the primary statistical tool to analyze the relationship between wind speed (X)

and the voltage output (Y) produced by the wind electricity generator. The research

instrument aimed to establish the nature and strength of the correlation between these two

variables.

Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (r):this measures the linear relationship

between wind speed (X) and the voltage output (Y) of a wind electricity generator.

Wind Speed (X):wind speed was measured using a wind simulator to understand how

changes of wind conditions affect the performance of LED lighting operation.

Voltage Output (Y):the voltage produced by the wind electricity generator is continuously

recorded using multi-tester.

The correlation help us to understand the changes of wind speed (x) are associated

with changes in voltage (y). a positive (r)would indicate that as wind speed increases, voltage
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 31

output also increases (suggesting a positive correlation), whereas a negative (r) would suggest

an opposite relationship.

 The fraction is a simplified representation of the relationship between X and Y,

multiplied by 100 to attempt to scale the result.

 The product XY represents the voltage output produced by the impact of wind speed.

Since, the performance of the wind turbine is influenced by wind speed, the

researcher hypothesized that higher wind speeds would result in higher voltage output, while

lower wind speed lead to reduced the voltage output. Understanding the correlation between

wind speed and voltage output is important for optimizing the design and performance of the

wind electricity generator.

Figure 2: Data Instrument for Produced Voltage at a varying Wind Speed

Wind Average Drop Voltage

Speed Volatge Voltage
(m/s) (v) Output
Trial X2 Y2 XY
X Y
XY

Data Gathering Procedures

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 32

The efficiency of any developed device is crucial for determining how much of the

input energy is converted into useful energy. To evaluate this efficiency, three key parameters

—voltage, current, and power—will be carefully measured over a specified duration, as

detailed in the accompanying table.

To ensure the success of this study, the researcher has developed a clear and organized

process for data collection, focusing on evaluating the appropriate design, site location,

device efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. The collected data will be analyzed to draw

conclusions, identify necessary improvements, and provide recommendations.

Costing

Design, Modelling and Assembly

Initial Testing and

Troubleshooting

Final Testing and Evaluation of

System

Figure 4: The Process of Constructing and Testing Wind Electricity Generator

The research procedure followed the following steps: initial gathering, design and

modeling, fabrication and construction, initial testing, troubleshooting and modification, final

testing, and evaluation.

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 33

Costing:The components for a modular wind electricity generator powering an LED

lighting is outline the cost based on brands and specification.

Design, Modeling, and Assembly:This will outline the procedure for creating a

design and implementation plan for a proposed project that defines the goals and objectives

of the project. The design phase involves conceptualizing the wind electricity generation

system, selecting turbine types, determining system size and capacity, and ensuring

compatibility with LED lighting systems, using structural modeling tools and simulation

software.

Fabrication and Construction:The project involves constructing a prototype wind

electricity generator system, including a wind turbine, energy storage system, and LED

system. Materials are selected for durability and efficiency. The assembly process ensures

ease of assembly and compatibility with future upgrades or repairs.

Initial testing, troubleshooting, and modification:The Initial testing involves

evaluating the wind electricity generator and LED lighting system's operational readiness.

This includes preliminary testing, power output measurement, energy storage verification,

and LED performance testing under different power conditions to ensure the turbine's

functionality and power generation.

Figure 4: List of Materials

Materials Quantity Specification Unit of Cost Extended Remarks

Cost
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 34

Set/Piece
DC motor 1 pcs DC motor 1,900 _ Purchased
with
permanent
magnent
Charge 1 pcs 300 _ Purchased
controller
Battery 1 pcs _ Existing
DC bulb, 2pcs 250 _ Purchased
LED light
Wires 1 set 100 _ Purchased
Galva 1/2 450 _ Purchased
Labor _ _ 3,000 _
Total 6,000

Figure 5: Model of a Modular Wind Electricity Generator

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 35

Turbine

Shafting
DC Motor

Suspesion Steel Frame

Figure 6: Photograph of the Experimental Set-up

Data Analysis

To determine the amount of energy produced by wind generation requires a statistical

analysis is required. In this study, the researcher utilized a Pearson Product Moment

Correlation Coefficient to analyze the relationship between wind speed (X) and the

produced voltage (Y). The analysis aimed to quantify the different wind speed in influencing

the voltage output of the wind electricity generator for LED lighting system.

Based on the data obtained, the correlation between wind speed (X) and produced

voltage (Y) was calculated. The results indicated a positive correlation: as wind speed
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 36

increases, the produced voltage also increases, and conversely, as wind speed decreases, the

voltage output decreases.

Given these findings, the null hypothesis (which proposed no significant relationship

between wind speed and voltage output) is rejected. This supports the conclusion that wind

speed plays a significant role in determining the voltage produced by the wind electricity

generation for LED system.

Ethical Consideration

In conducting research on the integration of a modular wind electricity for an LED lighting

system, several ethical considerations must be addressed to ensure that the study is conducted

with integrity and social responsibility.

Firstly, it adheres to safety standards to prevent any harm to researchers and the

community by testing the wind electricity generator during installation and operation.

Secondly, the researcher should be transparent, and all findings should be reported

truthfully, avoiding any misrepresentation or manipulation of data.

Thirdly, the project should prioritize social responsibility by making technology

accessible to the community, promoting equity through clean and affordable energy, and

addressing any disruption during installation.

Lastly, participants must be fully informed about the researcher’s purpose, methods,

and potential risk. By addressing these, the researcher can positively impact the advancement

of renewable energy and the overall well-being of society.

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION 37

Chapter IV

Presentation, Analysis, and Presentation of Data

This chapter outlines the experimental procedures and initial findings of our study on

modular wind electricity generation. It presents the data collected, the statistical analysis

conducted, and the interpretation of the results. The primary focus is on evaluating the

efficiency of the design implemented for wind electricity generation, specifically analyzing

the relationship between wind speed and energy output.