Micro-Project Report
On
“Satellite Navigation - Global Positioning System (GPS)”
Submitted by
Roll No. Name of Team Members
19 Aditya Magar
Program: Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Class: TYEJ (Semester V)
Course: MWC (Subject Code: 22533)
Guided By
Prof. Savaisaraje T.A
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering
Vidya Vikas Pratishthan Polytechnic, Solapur.
[2024 -25]
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Mr. Aditya Magar
Of TYEJ (Semester V) have successfully completed the Micro-Project work entitled “Satellite Navigation
Global Positioning System (GPS)’’ in the Course Mobile and Wireless Communication (22533) of
Program Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering of Maharashtra State of Technical
Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra State.
Guide Head of Department Principal
Prof. Savaisaraje T.A. Prof. Wagh K.H. Dr. Kulkarni S.N.
Date: / / 2024
Place: Solapur
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering
Vidya Vikas Pratishthan Polytechnic, Solapur.
[2024 -25]
Undertaking by Students
I will preserve micro-project and the report in my custody till end of completion of my program. I assure
that I will produce the same without fail whenever we or anybody from my group will be asked to do so.
Sr. Roll Name of Student Mobile No. Signature
No. No.
1 19 Aditya Magar 9699639961
Micro Project Proposal
1.0 Aim of the Micro-Project
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based radio-navigation system that provides accurate information on
position, velocity, and time. The aim of the GPS is to provide users with a reliable and safe way to navigate, track, and
monitor objects.
2.0 Course Outcome Addresses
a. . Troubleshoot mobile handsets.
b. cellular systems capacity.
c. Select relevant wireless technology suitable for various applications.
d. Test the performance of various wireless protocols.
3.0 Proposed Methodology
Determine the observation point coordinates in the ECEF coordinate system
Determine the mask angle required
Determine the observation time in the GPS time frame
Determine the coordinates of every GPS satellite in the ECEF coordinate system at the observation time
4.0 Action Plan:
Sr. Name of
No Details of Activity Planned Start date Planned responsible team
Finished date member
1 Implementation of 6-8-2024 27-8-2024 Aditya Magar
LED Chaser With Buzzer using
Arduino uno
2 Collection of information 3-8-2024 24-9-2024 Aditya Magar
3 Result Analysis 1-10-2024 5-11-2024 Aditya Magar
5.0 Name of team members:
Sr. RollNo. Name of Student
No
1 19 Aditya Magar
Signature of Guide
********
Micro-Project
On
“Satellite Navigation - Global Positioning System (GPS)”
1.0 Rationale
The system can be used for providing position, navigation or for tracking the position of something fitted
with a receiver (satellite tracking). The signals also allow the electronic receiver to calculate the current
local time to a high precision, which allows time synchronization.
2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-project
GPS, or the Global Positioning System, is a global navigation satellite system that provides location,
velocity and time synchronization. GPS is everywhere. You can find GPS systems in your car, your
smartphone and your watch. GPS helps you get where you are going, from point A to point B.
3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved
a) Troubleshoot mobile handsets.
b) Assess cellular systems capacity.
c) Select relevant wireless technology suitable for various applications.
d) Test the performance of various wireless protocols.
4.0 Literature Review:
Satellite navigation systems have transformed how we perceive location and navigation, with the Global
Positioning System (GPS) being the most widely recognized and utilized. This literature review explores the
evolution, technology, applications, and challenges of GPS, drawing on key research and developments in
the field.
1. Evolution of GPS
GPS was developed by the U.S. Department of Défense in the 1970s, primarily for military applications.
The system became fully operational in 1995, featuring 24 satellites in medium Earth orbit. Since then, the
technology has advanced significantly, with enhancements in accuracy, availability, and resilience against
interference .
2. Technology Behind GPS
At its core, GPS relies on a constellation of satellites that transmit signals to ground receivers. Each satellite
broadcasts a unique signal that includes its location and the precise time the signal was sent. By
triangulating the signals from at least four satellites, a GPS receiver can determine its location in three-
dimensional space
5.0 Actual Methodology Followed:
1. Satellite signals A GPS receiver listens for signals from at least four satellites in the GPS network.
2. Time difference the receiver compares the time it received a signal.
3. Distance calculation the time difference tells the receiver how far away the satellite is.
4. Position calculation the receiver uses the distance from multiple satellites to calculate its position.
6.0 Introduction
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based radio-navigation system consisting of a constellation
of satellites broadcasting navigation signals and a network of ground stations and satellite control stations
used for monitoring and control. Currently 31 GPS satellites orbit the Earth at an altitude of approximately
11,000 miles providing users with accurate information on position, velocity, and time anywhere in the
world and in all weather conditions.
GPS is operated and maintained by the Department of defence (DoD). The National Space-Based
Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Executive Committee (EXCOM) provides guidance to the DoD
on GPS- related matters impacting federal agencies to ensure the system addresses national priorities as well
as military requirements. The DoD and the Department of Transportation co-chair the EXCOM. The U.S.
Coast Guard acts as the civil interface to the public for GPS matters and receives problem reports from civil
users. The Federal Aviation Administration oversees the use of GPS in civil aviation and receives problem
reports from aviation users.
7.0 History and Development
The Global Positioning System, formally known as the Navistar Global Positioning System, was initiated as
a joint civil/military technical program in 1973. The joint program combined the best aspects of several
service-centric capabilities including TRANSIT, TIMATION, and Project 621B to reduce the proliferation
of navigation aids. By creating a system that overcame the limitations of many existing navigation systems,
GPS became attractive to a broad spectrum of users worldwide. The Global Positioning System has been
successful in virtually all navigation and timing applications, and because its capabilities are accessible
using small, inexpensive equipment, GPS is being used in a wide variety of applications across the globe.
8.0 Satellite Navigation - GPS - How It Works
Satellite Navigation is based on a global network of satellites that transmit radio signals from medium earth
orbit. Users of Satellite Navigation are most familiar with the 31 Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites
developed and operated by the United States. Three other constellations also provide similar services.
Collectively, these constellations and their augmentations are called Global Navigation Satellite Systems
(GNSS). The other constellations are GLONASS developed and operated by the Russian Federation, Galileo
developed and operated by the European Union, and Bei Dou, developed and operated by China. All
providers have offered free use of their respective systems to the international community. All providers
have developed International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practices to
support use of these constellations for aviation.
The basic GPS service provides users with approximately 7.0 meter accuracy, 95% of the time, anywhere on
or near the surface of the earth. To accomplish this, each of the 31 satellites emits signals that enable
receivers through a combination of signals from at least four satellites, to determine their location and time.
GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that provide extremely accurate time. The time information is placed in
the codes broadcast by the satellite so that a receiver can continuously determine the time the signal was
broadcast.
9.0Applications
1. Navigation: GPS helps people get from one place to another.
2. Mapping: GPS can be used to create maps of the world.
3. Tracking: GPS can be used to monitor the movement of objects or people.
4. Timing: GPS can be used to make precise time measurements.
5. Search and rescue: GPS can help with search and rescue efforts.
10.0 Advantages
1. Improved safety GPS can help users avoid traffic and find the best route to their destination.
2. Increased productivity GPS tracking can help identify vehicles that aren't operating efficiently
3. Theft recovery GPS systems can send instant alerts when a vehicle leaves a designated area
4. Navigation GPS systems can help users navigate routes by tracing a device's location in real time.
5. Data analysis GPS can be used to create and maintain a GIS by providing accurate positions for features.
11.0 Skill Developed / Learning Outcome of this Micro-project:
1. Real-Time System Control.
2. Application of Sensor Technology.
3. Understanding of Automation in Smart Cities.
4. Innovation and Problem-Solving.
5. Time management.
12.0 Conclusions
GPS is a space-based radio-positioning and time-transfer system that provides three-dimensional positioning
and navigation services for civilian, military, and scientific users. The accuracy of GPS is based on the clear
and fine visibility of the sky, and any obstructions by means of tree branches or building density may lead to
limited accuracy in the forest and urban areas. GPS satellites transmit signals to provide accurate PVT
information to an unlimited number of users on the Earth. GPS satellites broadcast a signal that encodes
position and time with a high accuracy derived from the satellite's atomic clock time standard. The GPS
receivers use the time-of-arrival ranging to generate pseud orange to determine the user's position.
