UNIT 02

Required Characteristics of a Manager

• Choose to lead.
• Be the person others choose to follow.
• Provide vision for the future.
• Provide inspiration.
• Make other people feel important and appreciated.
• Live your values. Behave ethically.
• Set the pace through your expectations and example.
• Establish an environment of continuous improvement.
• Provide opportunities for people to grow, both
personally and professionally.
• Care and act with compassion.
 What is value
• Values are the socially approved standards of
behavior applicable in local ,national and
global environment
• Values are the rules by which we make
decisions about right and wrong, should and
shouldn't, good and bad.
• They also tell us which are more or less
important, which is useful when we have to
trade off meeting one value over another.
 WHAT IS ETHICS
• One can have professional ethics, Ethics tend
to be codified into a formal system or set of
rules which are explicitly adopted by a group
of people. Ethics are thus internally defined
and adopted, .
• If you accuse someone of being unethical, it is
equivalent of calling them unprofessional and
may well be taken as a significant insult and
perceived more personally
 Contd….
• Ethics is understanding the difference between right and
wrong, and then doing the right thing.
• Most ethical dilemmas in the workplace are not simply a
matter of "Should Ram steal from Shyam “? or "Should
Shyam lie to his boss?"
• Many ethicists assert there's always a right thing to do
based on moral principle,
• Others believe the right thing to do depends on the
situation -- ultimately it's up to the individual.
• Many philosophers consider ethics to be the "science of
conduct."
 NEED
• To correctly identify aspiration in terms of personal,
family ,professional and global situations.
• Requirement based proper planning
• Aspirations to be fulfilled in reference global values
• Values become basis or foundation for behavior
• Values should complement skills by being guide to
set goals.
• Methods and skills to achieve goals should be in
consonance with values.
• Values and skills should complement each other.
• The best leaders exhibit both values and ethics in the leadership
style and actions every single day.

• A lack of trust is a problem in many workplaces. People don't know

what they can expect. If leaders have identified and shared their
values, living the values daily, visibly will create trust.

• To say one sentiment and to do another will damage trust .

• Leaders who exhibit ethical behavior powerfully influence the

actions of others.

• Choose Your Leadership Values that are most important ,for the
organization to work smoothly.
• To say one sentiment and to do another will damage
trust - possibly forever Leaders who exhibit ethical
behavior powerfully influence the actions of others.
Choose Your Leadership Values
• Leader, should choose the values and the ethics that
are most important ,for the organization to work
smoothly.
• Leader should live them visibly every day at work
because living your values is one of the most powerful
tools available to you to help you lead and influence
others.
•Emphasis will shift on knowing rather being
knowledgeable

•It will cater the formation of qualities to help students

become decent human being

•Student will be able to read more than mere words

•Student will enhance the art of written expression by

expressing what is in their mind and heart so as to
teach ,persuade or move the person who reads their
words to think and reflect about life and their part in it.
 Significance of these values in
Profession
Students will emerge:
■As a tolerant and humble professionals
■Honest and dedicated workers
■Owners of the community
■Hard strivers to make world a better place
 Significance of these values in Social
Field
Student will be able to:
• Emerge as a truth seeker
• Develop good listening skills to the other’s
point of view
• Communicate well
• Emerge as more ethical leaders for the society
 Significance of these values in
individual life
Students will be able to:
• Emerge as a humble human being
• Practice the religious values, education and ethics in
their lives
• Think for the mankind instead of being selfish
• Practice respect for human rights and democratic
principles
• Learn to transform for much better visions
 : Decide your highest aspiration?

• : What is your highest aspiration?

• A. Wealth
• B. Fame
• C. Knowledge
• D. Popularity
• E. Integrity
 NEED TO TALK ABOUT ETHICS
• After the aftermath of major corporate failures and
questionable accounting practices, American
Accounting Association President G. Peter Wilson said
that in the classroom, educators need to increasingly
emphasize the value of integrity,
• Wall Street Journal article, Psychology professor
Steven Davis says that cheating by high school students
has increased from about 20 percent in the 1940’s to
75 percent today. “Students say cheating in high school
is for grades, cheating in college is for a career.”
• If students lack ethics in high school and college, then
there should be little surprise that they lack ethics in
their careers. Greed and over-reaching ambition often
end in disastrous personal consequences.
 BASIC GUIDELINES
• Values should be universally applicable.

• Should be rationally proved

• Values should be natural and verifiable

• Values should encompass all dimensions of living

and people around

• Should lead to harmony

• Need for Value education in professional
education

• Difference between Value and Ethics and how

they fit in with each other.

• How to prioritize the valuables to you.

 Practice Session-1

• Do you want to live a goal oriented life or spend

your life without any purpose?
• Is it possible to have a definite goal in your life?
• Do you have a definite goal?
• List out all your goals which you want to achieve
in your life .
 A Tentative List of wants
• Take care of my parents
•Jaguar Car • A good laptop
•Happiness • Get a top MBA
•A great house • Own a golf course
•Big Bike • Not get angry
• Knowledge
•More money
• To be a well known person
•Clean city • Become a politician
•Peaceful society • Roam the world
•Respect • Have great food
• Be healthy
•Better mobile
• Protect Nature
•Good friends
• Be promoted quickly
•DJ Turntable • Peaceful life
• Be loved
• A Nikon Digital SLR
• A good guitar
 Practice Session-1
• Try to find out how you have decided your goals.
• You will find out that your goals are normally
decided by one of these:
– Society
– Family
– Peer pressure
• Do you want to be able to decide your goals on
your own right or want to chase the goals, decided
by someone else?
 Practice Session-1
• You can explore that if you set right goals on your
own right, life becomes more fulfilling and
satisfying.
• You should be able to differentiate between right
and wrong to set the right goals.
• Now the question arises what is the basis for
deciding right and wrong.
• How do you differentiate between right and
wrong?
 Practice Session-1
• Is it again based on social norms, traditional
sayings, scriptures, great people etc?
• There is also a popular assumption that right and
wrong are always relative and situation dependent.
• Is it possible to absolutely differentiate between
right and wrong on your own right?
• Try to chalk out your achievements and
shortcomings so far in life.
HVPE PPT II
 Self Exploration as A Process for Value Education

• This is a process to look with in.

• Human behavior can be understood only in the

context of global surrounding.

• We observe things around but rarely look inside.

 THE PURPOSE
WHY TO EXPLORE
⚫ To get involve in the process of dialogue between
“what we are” and “what we really want to be”.
⚫ It is a process of evaluation through investigation.
⚫ Process of knowing universe through knowing self.
⚫ Recognizing the existence of self in the context of
every single unit in the existence.
⚫ Realizing own conduct and character and living
accordingly.
⚫ To establish harmonic relation with self and with
existence.
 WHAT I AM AND WHAT I WANT TO BE
• The contradiction between the existing and desired self
is within us .
• The contradiction seen outside is mostly a reflection of
with in and we rarely check the relevance of the given
belief to us and never try to do any thing to rectify .
• EX.Belief is “living basically a struggle for survival” and
we plan our life accordingly
• We never try to challenge the existing irrational beliefs.
• Despite all the gains and achievements this discomfort
persist.
• There is a continuous contradiction between What we
say, we do ,we want and this leads to unpleasant
outcome.
• We do not do anything to resolve this conflict and to
achieve harmony
 SELF EVOLUTION THROUGH INVESTIGAION

• Self exploration is the process of reaching to

desired self.

• Self exploration leads to self evolution to

make us better.

• Exploration leads to evolution which further

makes us comfortable.
 KNOWING SELF MAKE US AWARE ABOUT THE ENTIRE
EXISTENCE
⚫ Knowing self properly leads to better understanding of the
surrounding.

⚫ We need to question self that “Do I want it for my self?’

⚫ Am I satisfied in my present state ?

⚫ How to know the self?

⚫ This need to know is self instilled .

⚫ After knowing self we better understand the surrounding .

 RELATION WITH THE EXISTENCE
• The basic problem is that with out exploring the self we start understanding
the world so the contradiction of with in starts getting reflected on the
world .

• First need to be sure about the self then start looking outside.

• Do we understand the details of our relation with different social units

around us.

• Lack of proper understanding leads to adjustment ,behavioral and

emotional problems.

• First need to understand self than others and our relations with them and
how to rectify.

• We live in different relationships with personal, social and professional,

global and environmental etc.
•
 KNOW CONDUCT, CHARACTER AND LIVE
ACCORDINGLY
• Human being by nature want harmony, certainity
and stability.

• Proper understanding of self leads to balanced

behavior with surrounding.

• We can only plan better if we are clear about our

needs , desires, and expectations.
 HARMONY WITH SELF AND EXISTENCE

• Dialogue with self leads to the harmony within.

• Harmony within motivates for better relation with

surrounding and ultimately to harmony with nature.
 CONTENT OF SELF EXPLORATION

• Self exploration should be done to:

• Find out Desire

• Formulate Programme or process to fulfill the

desire.

• Every thing we do is related to some desire we

need to be aware about the purpose as well
as the process to be appropriate.
 NATURAL ACCEPTANCE

• Acceptance should come as:--

• Natural:--Natural acceptance does not change
with time or place its your feeling others can
not govern it.

• Consistency:-- Live according to the proposal

should not be a discrepancy between practice
and preachings.
 PRESENT STATE

⚫ We rarely evaluate assumptions and beliefs rather keep it to

self as something personal and invest our useful to protect
and preserve and get stressed in result.

⚫ We live with the assumptions and beliefs through out .

⚫ Need to evaluate to become :

⚫ Assured
⚫ Satisfied
⚫ Generalised ( Time, Space & Individual)
 Summary
• We need to undergo self-exploration because we want to find out what is
valuable to us, and secondly we want to understand our relationship, our
participation with the things around us.
• Self-exploration is
• 1) a process of dialogue between “what you are” and “what you really
want to be”.
• 2) a process of self-evolution through self-investigation.
• 3) a process of knowing oneself and through that, knowing the entire
existence.
• 4) a process of recognizing ones relationship with every unit in existence
and fulfilling it.
• 5) a process of knowing human conduct, human character and living
accordingly.
• 6) a process of being in harmony in oneself and in harmony with entire
existence.
• 7) a process of identifying our innateness (Swatva) and moving towards
Self-organization (Swatantrata) and Self-expression (Swarajya).
The content of self-exploration is exploring into two
fundamental questions: what our basic aspiration is and the
program to fulfil this basic aspiration.
Process of self-exploration involves two things, firstly, verifying
on the basis of natural acceptance, and secondly, validating
experientially by living accordingly.
When the proposal is verified on both the bases, it leads to
realization and understanding.
Understanding is assuring, satisfying and universal with respect
to time, space and individual.
Natural Acceptance does not change with time, individual or
place and is not tainted with our pre-conditionings. It is innately
present in each one of us and we can always refer to it.
The Program to Fulfill Basic Human
Aspirations
• Basic Requirements for Fulfillment of Human
Aspirations
• To find out what our happiness and prosperity
depend on, let’s start with a very simple
exercise.
• Let’s make a list of everything we want today
and see what these wants or aspirations in turn
depend on.
 Here is a set of proposals

• “Physical facilities are necessary for human

beings”
• “Physical facilities are necessary for human
beings and they are necessary for animals.”
• “Physical facilities are necessary and complete
for animals, while they are necessary but not
complete for humans”
⚫ “Besides physical facilities, we want relationship”.
⚫ By relationship, we mean the relationship we have
with other people, or human beings: father, mother,
brothers and sisters, our friends, our teachers; we
desire good relationships with all of them. When we
have a problem in these relationships, it troubles us,
we are bothered by it.
⚫ So we have identified two categories of our needs so
far:
⚫ – Relationship and
⚫ – Physical facilities.
⚫ In Relationship
⚫ Mutual fulfillment: We want to have mutually fulfilling
relationships. [You can verify this for yourself]. If there is
a problem in relationship, we feel uneasy, it bothers us.
⚫ Even if we are interacting with someone, and something
we said or did offends them, it makes us uneasy; i.e. we
want mutual fulfillment in relationship.
⚫ Both us and the person we interact with, need to feel
fulfilled, need to feel satisfied from the interaction. You
can check this in your daily life as well.
⚫ From Physical Facilities
⚫ Prosperity in us, enrichment in nature : Let’s ask
ourselves, “Do I want to live with a sense of prosperity or
with a sense of deprivation?” The answer is, I want to live
with a sense of
⚫ Prosperity ,it means the feeling of having or being able to
have more physical facilities than is needed. (We had
drawn a distinction between prosperity and wealth,
wherein we saw that just having wealth is not sufficient
for prosperity. For ensuring feeling of prosperity,
identification of need for physical facilities is also
essential, over and above having wealth.
⚫ Further, feeling of prosperity will lead to sharing with the
other, becoming an aid by enriching the other.
⚫ Deprivation will lead to exploiting the other. This is a
simple test of prosperity).
 What Is Our State Today?
• In Relationships
• Ask yourself this question:
• “Am I able to have such fulfilling relationships all
the time today”?
• What is the answer? Our answer is
• “Sometimes I have good relationships,
sometimes I don’t. Or perhaps, mostly I have
good relationships, and sometimes I don’t.” or
vice-versa.
⚫ We thus seem to have quite a problem in our hands
on both these fronts:
⚫ – Relationship with humans:
⚫ We are unable to have fulfilling relationships all the
time: in family, outside family, and as a society – in
the world at large
⚫ – Physical Facilities:
⚫ We want to feel prosperous, but end up working
only for accumulation of wealth.
⚫ We want to enrich nature, but are exploiting it,
destroying it.
⚫ In Relationships
⚫ What could be the possible reason for the issues we have in
relationships?
⚫ Let’s ask the question in another way:
⚫ “Do I understand human relationships? Do I know what the other
person’s expectations from me are”?
⚫ The answer is,
⚫ “I mostly don’t, OR
⚫ ‘I am not sure about this” OR
⚫ “It depends, It changes from time to time, etc”.
⚫ This seems to be our problem. We seem to be interacting with a lot of
people, we keep getting ourselves into trouble in our relationships,
but we don’t seem to understand the first thing about relationships-
The expectations! It may seem like a trivial thing, but it is very
important
⚫ From Physical Facilities
⚫ Again, we can see here that we have assumed that
accumulation of wealth is the only thing we need and the rest
shall be taken care of. As we have seen, this is an incorrect
assumption.
⚫ Having wealth is necessary, but not sufficient for prosperity.
⚫ We have also made numerous assumptions about our
interactions with nature, that we can exploit nature, that
nature is present solely for our consumption and so on and so
forth.
⚫ It is easy to see today, with the widespread havoc we are
causing in nature, that this assumption is incorrect.
⚫ From the above, it is easy to make the following inferences:
⚫ – We largely operate on the basis of assumptions today. These
assumptions can be right, or they can be wrong, and we are mostly
unaware of our own assumptions!
⚫ – Since we are not even aware that we have assumptions, we have
obviously not verified these assumptions for ourselves. We haven’t
checked if our own assumptions are naturally acceptable to us.
⚫ As a result most of our interactions with people and with physical
facilities lead to problems.
 Today, we can see that there are two
kinds of people in the world:
⚫ 1) Those that do not have physical facilities/wealth and feel unhappy
and deprived
⚫ – Thus, such people can be said to be ‘materially deficient, unhappy
and deprived’ or
⚫ ‘Sadhan Viheen Dukhi Daridra’
⚫ – The short form for this can be written as: SVDD!
⚫ 2) Those that have physical facilities/wealth and feel unhappy and
deprived!
⚫ – Thus, such people can be said to be ‘materially affluent, but
unhappy and deprived’
⚫ or ‘Sadhan Sampann Dukhi Daridra’
⚫ – The short form for this can be written as: SSDD!
⚫ Check, where do you stand- at 1) or 2)
 Cond..

⚫ Both these are states we don’t want to be in!

We want to move from this to (verify this)
⚫ 3) Having physical facilities and feeling happy
and prosperous.
⚫ – Such people can be said to be materially
affluent, happy and prosperous
⚫ or ‘Sadhan Sampann Sukhi Samridh’
⚫ – The short form for this can be written as: SSSS!
⚫ To ensure that we are of the 3rd category as described above,
we need the right understanding!
⚫ Thus, we can conclude the following: We need to work for all
three, and this is the order in which we have to work is
⚫ 1) Right Understanding
⚫ 2) Relationship
⚫ 3) Physical facilities
⚫ Working with this order, we are able to ensure mutual
fulfilment with human beings and mutual prosperity with the
rest of nature.
⚫ Right understanding + Relationship = Mutual fulfilment
⚫ Right understanding + Physical facilities = Mutual prosperity
⚫ Let us see if we can find out the expense of our living from the point
we discussed earlier,
⚫ which is, our need for
⚫ 1) Right Understanding
⚫ 2) Relationship
⚫ 3) Physical Facilities
⚫ It becomes clear to us that our state of happiness or unhappiness
depends on the above three aspects.
⚫ If we have the ‘right understanding’, then we can be happy in
ourselves, have fulfilling relationships with humans and have mutual
prosperity with nature.
⚫ If we do not have the right understanding, then we have problems in
these levels. Thus, our happiness depends on these levels.
 Practice Session-2
• Is technological development always a boon?
• List out the problems caused or aggravated by
technological developments.
Here is a list of some of such problems-
•Energy shortage •Nuclear proliferation
•Natural resource depletion •Arms race
•Environmental pollution •Terrorism
•Global warming •Criminalization of politics
•Ozone depletion •Large scale corruption, scams
•Deforestation •Breakdown of relationships
•Soil degradation •Generation gap
•Depression & suicidal attempts
 Practice Session-2
• These problems broadly fall in two categories:
– Threats to survival of life on earth
– Threats to human happiness and peace
• What are the possible causes of these techno genic
maladies?
• Does technology have the solution for these
problems or something else is required to have a
check on these?