Physical design of IoT refers to
IoT devices and IoT protocols
Things refers to IoT devices which have unique
identities and can perform remote sensing ,
actuating and monitoring capabilities
IoT devices can be various type : sensing
devices , smart watches , smart electronic
appliances , wearable sensors , automobiles
and industrial machines
Audio/Video
Connectivity Processor
Interfaces I/O
USB Host
HDMI
Interfaces
CPU 3.5mm audio
RJ45/ETHERNET
UART
RCA video
SPI
Memory Graphics Storage Interfaces
SD
NAND/NOR I2C
GPU MMC
DDR1/2/3 SDIO CAN
IoT protocols help to establish communication
between IoT device and cloud based server
over the internet
It help to sent commands to IoT device and
received data from an IoT device over the
internet
Application Layer
HTTP CoAP Web Sockets
MQTT XMPP DDS AMQP
Transport Layer
TCP UDP
Network Layer
IPv4 IPv6 6LoWPAN
Link Layer
802.3-Ethernet 802.16-WiMax 2G/3G/
LTE -
802.11-WiFi 802.15.4-LR-WPAN Cellular
HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Transmitting hypermedia documents such as HTML
It was designed for communication between web
browsers and web servers
HTTP is a stateless protocol , meaning that the server
does not keep any data between two requests
CoAP(Constrained Application Protocol)
It is a specialized internet application protocol
for constrained devices
It enables devices to communicate over the
internet
The protocol is especially targeted for
constrained hardware such as 8-bits
microcontrollers,low power sensors
WebSocket
The websocket protocol enables two-way
communication between a client running
untrusted code in a controlled environment to
a remote host that has opted in to
communications from that code
MQTT
It is machine-machine(M2M)/”Internet of
Things” connectivity protocol
It was designed as an extremely lightweight
publish/subscribe messaging transport and
useful for connections with remote locations
XMPP(Extensible Messaging and Presence
Protocol)
It is a communication protocol for message-
oriented middleware based on XML
It enables the near real time exchange of
structured yet extensible data between any two
or more network entities
DDS(Data Distribution Service)
It is a middleware protocol
It integrates the components of a system
together providing low-latency data
connectivity , extreme reliability and a scalable
architecture
AMQP
The AMQP protocol enables patron programs
to talk to the dealer and engage with the
AMQP model
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
It is a standard that defines how to establish
and maintain a network conversation through
which application programs can exchange data
TCP works with the Internet
Protocol(IP),which defines how computers
send packets of data to each other
UDP(User Datagram Protocol)
It is a part of Internet Protocol Suite , referred
as UDP/IP suite
It is unreliable and connectionless protocol
So , there is no need to establish connection
prior to data transfer
IPv4
Internet Protocol version 4(IPv4) defines an IP
address as a 32-bit number
IPv6
It defines 128 bits for the IP address
It was developed to deal with the long-
anticipated problem of IPv4 address
exhaustion
6LoWPAN(Low-Power Wireless Personal Area
Networks)
This protocol allows for the smallest devices
with limited processing ability to transmit
information wirelessly using an internet
protocol
802.3-Ethernet
It is a set of technologies and protocols that are
used primarily in LANs
Ethernet is classified into two categories :
classic Ethernet and switched Ethernet
802.11-WiFi
It specifies the set of MAC(Media Access
Control) and physical layer protocols for
implementing WLAN(wireless local area
network) WiFi computer communication in
various frequencies
802.16 - Wi-Max
It is a standard for Wireless Metropolitan Area
Network(WMAN)
It is specializing in point-to-multipoint
broadband wireless access
802.15.4 – LR – WPAN
A collection of standards for Low-Rate
Wireless Personal Area Network
The standards provide low-cost and low-speed
communication for power constrained devices
2G/3G/4G-Mobile Communication
These are different types of telecommunication
generations
IoT devices are based on these standards can
communicate over the cellular networks
