Steering System 1

T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Steering system lay-out

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 2
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
System description

The machine has center-articulated power steering with two steering cylinders. The inward section of a converter
mounted double pump (P301) delivers oil to a hydraulically controlled steering main valve (V302). The steering
servo pressure is controlled with proportional valves (V310). Turning the control lever on the left-hand side that is
connected to the chair module causes the proportional valve to open and let the servo pressure to enter the main
valve spool end. The hydraulic pressure is directed through steering main valve, to steering cylinders. If the
steering lever is in neutral position, the steering system oil flows through the steering main valve (V302) to the
bucket main valve (V304).
The steering cylinders are connected in a crosswise manner and can not be separately controlled.

Safety interlocks

If machine steering is stopped because of a situation that does not occur in normal usage the function that
prevents the steering must be disabled and the steering joystick returned into middle position before steering is
possible. For example, using the parking brake stops steering. In that case, the parking brake must be released
and the steering joystick returned into middle position. Only then is it possible to steer the machine again. The
systems that prevent steering in the following situations are as follows:

- Emergency stop is activated

- The data from the direction switch does not correspond to the analog voltage data of the steering joystick
- The steering joystick’s analogy voltage rating is too high or low compared to the calibrated parameters
- Both direction switches are activated at the same time
- Parking brake is on
- Door is open
- The engine is not running

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 3
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Steering left

Line to bucket main valve

Pilot pressure line

Line to brake
charging valve

Line to cooler fans

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 4
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Steering left

Line to bucket main valve

Pilot pressure line

Line to brake
charging valve

Line to cooler fans

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 5
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Steering left

Line to bucket main valve

Pilot pressure line

Line to brake
charging valve

Line to cooler fans

Sandvik Mining and Construction

T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Steering left Steering System 6

Line to bucket main valve

Pilot pressure line

Line to brake
charging valve

Line to cooler fans

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 7
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Emergency steering / steering right

Line to bucket main valve

Pilot pressure line

Line to brake
charging valve

Line to cooler fans

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 8
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Emergency steering / steering right

Line to bucket main valve

Pilot pressure line

Line to brake
charging valve

Line to cooler fans

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 9
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Emergency steering / steering right

Line to bucket main valve

Pilot pressure line

Line to brake
charging valve

Line to cooler fans

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 10
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Electric diagram
LEFT JOYSTICK LJ1
STEERING 15/12 STEERING LEFT
R045 1
OHJAUS VASEMMALLE
Interlock 116
Output is active when:

X1176

X1176
X1176
X1176
- Emergency stop is not active STEERING RIGHT

- The steering joystick is turned from middle position 2 OHJAUS OIKEALLE

12 11 1 2
LJ2 - The steering joystick’s analogy voltage ratings are inside the calibrated values
15/12
- Both direction switches are not activated at the same time
C303 BU

274 WT
258 WT

601 WT
STEERING FEEDBACK
1 XJ18 - Parking brake is released

1
3
- Door is closed OHJAUKSEN FEEDBACK

X54 X54 X54 X54 1 12 11

- Engine is running
9 6 8 7 601 WT
THROTTLE PEDAL
258 WT
C303 BU

274 WT
0,75

601 WT
0,75
0,75

4
KAASUPOLJIN

1
3 13 7 10 8 12 12 22 23 19
STEERING LEFT LIMIT
XC3 XC3 XC3 XC3 XC3 XC3 XC1 XC3 XC3 XC2 5 OHJAUKSEN VASEN RAJA
GND in2 in1 +5V in GND in in in in
CHAIR MODULE

CAN BUS STEERING RIGHT LIMIT

6
MIDDLE MODULE in +24V 142 in in
OHJAUKSEN OIKEA RAJA
116 FB- GND GND
24/11 25/17
XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM3
2 3 5 9 18 1 10 21 16

143 WT

622 WT

M110 BU
14 X148 15 X148
277 WT

0,75

0,75

0,75
278 WT

*R-C

M109 BU
M105 BU

*R-C
1
1

279 VL
280 VL

403 WT
439a WT 439a WT 439a WT
X119 4 X119 3 X119 6 Interlock 142

1
M110 BU
0,75 0,75 0,75
Outputs are active

143 WT

622 WT
BU
1

1 5 4 1 5 4 1 5 4

1,5
1,5

1,5
when:
K092 K091 K0175GND0.1
All control system I/O –
2 3 2 3 2 3
X2166 2 X2166 1 X2166 4 modules are up and
M109 BU M109 BU

622 WT
JGND16 running (display not need

M110 BU
1 1
143 BK

14/19 EMERGENCY
to be running).

1
280 GN

279 GN

282 GN
282 GN

1
STOP STATE
0,35

6
Note! Output is not active
1,5

1,5

1,5

622 BN J403.1
X41 0,35
XJ17a 4/25 during few seconds after
S008
4/29
10 X117 X117 X117 X117 * M110 BU main switch is turned on.
J1 14 15 16 17 0,35
4/18 9 XJ17b
280 GN

279 GN

282 GN
1

X41 4 1 3
7 1 1
282 GN

Y322 Y323
439 WT

2 RIGHT 2 *
0,75

LEFT

S360
STEERING LEFT LIMIT
EMERGENCY STOP
J439.2
4/25
1 2 3 5 3-56010890-16

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 11
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Electric diagram/stand-by
LEFT JOYSTICK LJ1
STEERING 15/12 STEERING LEFT
R045 1
OHJAUS VASEMMALLE
Interlock 116
Output is active when:

X1176

X1176
X1176
X1176
- Emergency stop is not active STEERING RIGHT

- The steering joystick is turned from middle position 2 OHJAUS OIKEALLE

12 11 1 2
LJ2 - The steering joystick’s analogy voltage ratings are inside the calibrated values
15/12
- Both direction switches are not activated at the same time
C303 BU

274 WT
258 WT

601 WT
STEERING FEEDBACK
1 XJ18 - Parking brake is released

1
3
- Door is closed OHJAUKSEN FEEDBACK

X54 X54 X54 X54 1 12 11

- Engine is running
9 6 8 7 601 WT
THROTTLE PEDAL
258 WT
C303 BU

274 WT
0,75

601 WT
0,75
0,75

4
KAASUPOLJIN

1
3 13 7 10 8 12 12 22 23 19
STEERING LEFT LIMIT
XC3 XC3 XC3 XC3 XC3 XC3 XC1 XC3 XC3 XC2 5 OHJAUKSEN VASEN RAJA
GND in2 in1 +5V in GND in in in in
CHAIR MODULE

CAN BUS STEERING RIGHT LIMIT

6
MIDDLE MODULE in +24V 142 in in
OHJAUKSEN OIKEA RAJA
116 FB- GND GND
24/11 25/17
XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM3
2 3 5 9 18 1 10 21 16

143 WT

622 WT

M110 BU
14 X148 15 X148
277 WT

0,75

0,75

0,75
278 WT

*R-C

M109 BU
M105 BU

*R-C
1
1

279 VL
280 VL

403 WT
439a WT 439a WT 439a WT
X119 4 X119 3 X119 6 Interlock 142

1
M110 BU
0,75 0,75 0,75
Outputs are active

143 WT

622 WT
BU
1

1 5 4 1 5 4 1 5 4

1,5
1,5

1,5
when:
K092 K091 K0175GND0.1
All control system I/O –
2 3 2 3 2 3
X2166 2 X2166 1 X2166 4 modules are up and
M109 BU M109 BU

622 WT
JGND16 running (display not need

M110 BU
1 1
143 BK

14/19 EMERGENCY
to be running).

1
280 GN

279 GN

282 GN
282 GN

1
STOP STATE
0,35

6
Note! Output is not active
1,5

1,5

1,5

622 BN J403.1
X41 0,35
XJ17a 4/25 during few seconds after
S008
4/29
10 X117 X117 X117 X117 * M110 BU main switch is turned on.
J1 14 15 16 17 0,35
4/18 9 XJ17b
280 GN

279 GN

282 GN
1

X41 4 1 3
7 1 1
282 GN

Y322 Y323
439 WT

2 RIGHT 2 *
0,75

LEFT

S360
STEERING LEFT LIMIT
EMERGENCY STOP
J439.2
4/25
1 2 3 5 3-56010890-16

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 12
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Electric diagram/Steering left
LEFT JOYSTICK LJ1
STEERING 15/12 STEERING LEFT
R045 1
OHJAUS VASEMMALLE
Interlock 116
Output is active when:

X1176

X1176
X1176
X1176
- Emergency stop is not active STEERING RIGHT

- The steering joystick is turned from middle position 2 OHJAUS OIKEALLE

12 11 1 2
LJ2 - The steering joystick’s analogy voltage ratings are inside the calibrated values
15/12
- Both direction switches are not activated at the same time
C303 BU

274 WT
258 WT

601 WT
STEERING FEEDBACK
1 XJ18 - Parking brake is released

1
3
- Door is closed OHJAUKSEN FEEDBACK

X54 X54 X54 X54 1 12 11

- Engine is running
9 6 8 7 601 WT
THROTTLE PEDAL
258 WT
C303 BU

274 WT
0,75

601 WT
0,75
0,75

4
KAASUPOLJIN

1
3 13 7 10 8 12 12 22 23 19
STEERING LEFT LIMIT
XC3 XC3 XC3 XC3 XC3 XC3 XC1 XC3 XC3 XC2 5 OHJAUKSEN VASEN RAJA
GND in2 in1 +5V in GND in in in in
CHAIR MODULE

CAN BUS STEERING RIGHT LIMIT

6
MIDDLE MODULE in +24V 142 in in
OHJAUKSEN OIKEA RAJA
116 FB- GND GND
24/11 25/17
XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM1 XM3
2 3 5 9 18 1 10 21 16

143 WT

622 WT

M110 BU
14 X148 15 X148
277 WT

0,75

0,75

0,75
278 WT

*R-C

M109 BU
M105 BU

*R-C
1
1

279 VL
280 VL

403 WT
439a WT 439a WT 439a WT
X119 4 X119 3 X119 6 Interlock 142

1
M110 BU
0,75 0,75 0,75
Outputs are active

143 WT

622 WT
BU
1

1 5 4 1 5 4 1 5 4

1,5
1,5

1,5
when:
K092 K091 K0175GND0.1
All control system I/O –
2 3 2 3 2 3
X2166 2 X2166 1 X2166 4 modules are up and
M109 BU M109 BU

622 WT
JGND16 running (display not need

M110 BU
1 1
143 BK

14/19 EMERGENCY
to be running).

1
280 GN

279 GN

282 GN
282 GN

1
STOP STATE
0,35

6
Note! Output is not active
1,5

1,5

1,5

622 BN J403.1
X41 0,35
XJ17a 4/25 during few seconds after
S008
4/29
10 X117 X117 X117 X117 * M110 BU main switch is turned on.
J1 14 15 16 17 0,35
4/18 9 XJ17b
280 GN

279 GN

282 GN
1

X41 4 1 3
7 1 1
282 GN

Y322 Y323
439 WT

2 RIGHT 2 *
0,75

LEFT

S360
STEERING LEFT LIMIT
EMERGENCY STOP
J439.2
4/25
1 2 3 5 3-56010890-16

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 13
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Functional description of components

Pilot control valve V310

Pilot control valve V310 adjusts the
hydraulic flow in the pilot control line to
the proportional valve of steering
valve V302.
Solenoid valve Y323 (1.)
When steering at right, solenoid valve
Y323 connects pilot pressure line to the
proportional valve pilot control line.
When steering at left, solenoid valve
Y323 connects pilot control line from
proportional valve to the tank line.
Solenoid valve Y322 (2.)
When steering at left, solenoid valve
Y322 connects pilot pressure line to the
proportional valve pilot control line.
When steering at right, solenoid valve
Y322 connects pilot control line from 6/3
proportional valve to the tank line.

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 14
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Functional description of components
Pilot control valve V307 (Machines with optional ejector
bucket)
If machine is equipped with optional ejector bucket, pilot control
valve V310 is replaced with the pilot control valve V307.
Pilot control valve V307 adjusts the hydraulic flow in the pilot control
line to the proportional valve of the ejector valve V313 and
proportional valve of steering valve V302.
Solenoid valve Y323 (1.)
When steering at right, solenoid valve Y323 connects pilot pressure
line to the proportional valve pilot control line. When steering at left,
solenoid valve Y323 connects pilot control line from 6/3 proportional
valve to the tank line.
Solenoid valve Y322 (2.)
When steering at left, solenoid valve Y322 connects pilot pressure
line to the proportional valve pilot control line. When steering at
right, solenoid valve Y322 connects pilot control line from
proportional valve to the tank line.
Solenoid valve Y331 (3.)
When emptying the bucket, solenoid valve Y331 connects pilot
pressure line to the proportional valve pilot control line. When
moving ejector back, solenoid valve Y331 connects pilot control line
from proportional valve to the tank line.
Solenoid valve Y332 (4.)
When moving ejector back, solenoid valve Y332 connects pilot
pressure line to the proportional valve pilot control line. When
emptying the bucket, solenoid valve Y332 connects pilot control line
from proportional valve to the tank line.
Sandvik Mining and Construction
 Steering System 15
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Functional description of components

Steering main valve V302

Steering valve contains one main pressure relief valve, one spring
centered hydraulically pilot controlled proportional valve, two
safety relief valves (with two non-return valves) and one non-return
valve. The main pressure relief valve limits the maximum
valve inlet pressure to 220 bars. Proportional valve adjusts the
steering angle of the machine by adjusting the hydraulic flow going
to the steering cylinders. Safety relief valves limit the pressure at
steering cylinders to 125 bar and non-return valves prevent
cavitation. The non-return valve prevents the pressure of the
steering cylinders escaping to the pressure side of the pump P301.
If the steering valve malfunctions, there is an alarm. In this case
the brakes will always be activated according to the ABA function
(see Chapter ”Brake system, section Controlling brakes”).
When the malfunctioning is over, the brakes will be released
automatically (unless there is another reason for why the brakes
are on).

Pilot pressure control unit V306

See chapter General hydraulics.

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 16
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Emergency steering system description

The emergency steering activates automatically when the engine stops or stalls in unusual way. This funcition
allow the operator to safely steer the unit out of the way of danger. So when the engine stops suddenly the
system activates and an electric pump which generates oil pressure to allow the steering to function for a few
additional seconds. The amount of time that pump fuctions is 10 seconds.
Emergency steering is allowed to function, even when the parking brake is on. When the emergency stop is
active, the emergency steering will not function.
The symbol to the left on the main window shows the status of the emergency steering. The symbol is grey
when emergency steering is not activated, and becomes darker when emergency steering is activated.

Safety interlocks

The system prevents emergency steering in the following situations:

- Emergency stop is activated
- Door is open

Sandvik Mining and Construction

 Steering System 17
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Emergency steering main components

Pump unit A309 (1.)

When the emergency steering is turned
on, the pump unit capacity provides the
steering main valve with the hydraulic
pressure required for steering the
machine. The pump is powered by
electric motor M318.
Pressure relief valve V318 (2.)
The pressure relief valve limits the
pressure to 100 bar on the pressure side
of the pump unit.
Non-return valve (3.)
Does not allow the capacity of pump
P301 to flow to the pressure side of
pump unit A309 in a normal operating
situation.
Non-return valve (4.)
Does not allow the capacity of pump unit
A309 to flow to the pressure side of
double pump P301.
The system can be tested by pushing the
test button (S056). See section Testing
the emergency steering button.

Sandvik Mining and Construction

T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Diagnostics window for machine steeringSteering System 18
The top of the window shows the status of the Safety interlocks that affect
functions. If the symbol is black, the locking is activated. In other
words, the function is allowed when all the symbols are grey.
Safety interlocks from left to right:
- Parking brake must be released
- Door must be closed
- Emergency stop must not be active
- Engine must be running
Monitor the status of the control movements with the diagnostic chain
on the window. For example, when moving the steering joystick, but
its voltage does not change on the window, the steering joystick
must be broken or its wiring is incorrect.

The diagnostic chain for steering is shown from left to right with symbols:
- Voltage of steering joystick (0,5....4,5V)
-The value of the CAN message converted into percentages (0...100%),
when moving the steering joystick to any extreme position, the value
should be 100%
- Information on the module:
0 = the programme does not control output,
1 = the programme controls output
-The feedback current that travels through the valve’s coil
(approx. 360...750 mA)
A black arrow appears next to the steering symbol on the left hand side
of the window; the arrow points to the left or right depending on the steering direction.
The information window shows the minimum and maximum currents of the steering
valve when turning to the left (L) and right (R).
Sandvik Mining and Construction
T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Testing the movement of Steering System 19

the steering joysticks

Test the movement of the steering joysticks to the left and to
the right on this window. When the direction switches are
activated the little boxes around the steering joystick
become darker. The longer boxes become darker according
to the voltage from the steering joystick’s potentiometer.
The information window shows the status of the steering
joystick’s direction switches are activad or non activated
The window also shows the status of the analog values of
the potentiometer.

Sandvik Mining and Construction

T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Steering joystick calibration Steering System 20

(requires service password)

The calibration window is used for calibrating the movements of the
steering joystick. Select the Steering calibration window on the
calibration menu. The bar on the left-hand side of the calibration
window shows the steering joystick voltages for the extreme positions
of the steering joystick (moving to the left, the middle position and
moving to the right). In the fields on the right-hand side of the window,
it is possible to calibrate new voltage values for the steering joystick
position. Perform the calibration by moving the steering joystick first to
its extreme positions and then returning it to the middle position. The
new voltage values will be updated in the fields on the window.Save
the calibration by pressing the Calib button.When the calibration is
finished, a message appears at the bottom of the window.
On the window, the dead band of the middle position means the
movement range of the steering joystick before it starts controlling the
function. It is only possible to perform the calibration when the upper
and lower values of the bar differ from their average the amount of the
dead band. If calibration is not possible, a warning message appears
at the bottom of the window. The warning message will be removed
when it is possible to perform calibration.

Sandvik Mining and Construction

T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Checking and adjusting Steering System 21

Steering cylinder bypass test

Only perform maintenance work when the machine is parked. Use the
appropriate tools for the task. Replace or repair faulty tools and
equipment. When performing maintenance and repair work, make sure
there are no unauthorised persons in the working area.

Rod side bypass test:

1. Ensure that the machine is on an even surface, the parking brake
is applied and movement in the driving is prevented by, for
example, wheel wedges.
2. Ensure that the bucket is lowered and the boom is resting on stops.
3. Install frame locking pin.

High-pressure oil spray hazard. The high--pressure

oil spray can cause serious injury. Allow the
pressure to be relesed from the hydraulic circuit
opening the plugs or connectors.

4. Release hydraulic pressure from both left and right steer hydraulic
circuits. This can be done safely by using a capillary test hose into
the steer test points. Gradually screw the quick connects on to
release the pressure in a control manner. Use an oil drain contain
to collect any oil.

Sandvik Mining and Construction

T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Checking and adjusting Steering System 22

5. Disconnect the rod side hydraulic line from the manifold

block of the cylinder to be tested. Cap the manifold to
eliminate any high-pressure oil injection hazard during the
test.
6. Allow the cylinder rod side oil to drain into an oil drain
container via the disconnected hose, until completely drain
and all oil flow has stopped. Secure the hose to the oil drain
container.
7. With the second person observing the container and rod
side hose end from a safe position, start the engine and
move the steering joystick to pressurise the piston side
hydraulic circuit of the cylinder being tested.
8. If oil is observed coming from the cylinder the piston seals
are bypassing in this direction (piston to rod side). The
cylinder needs to replace or overhaul.
9. Shut down the engine.

Sandvik Mining and Construction

T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Checking and adjusting Steering System 23

High-pressure oil spray hazard. The high- pressure

oil spray can cause serious injury. Allow the
pressure to be relesed from the hydraulic circuit
opening the plugs or connectors.

10. Release hydraulic pressure from both left and right steer
hydraulic circuits.
This can be done safely by using a capillary test hose into
the steer test points. Gradually screw the quick connects on
to release the pressure in a control manner.
Use an oil drain contain to collect any oil.

11. Remove the cap from the manifold block and reconnect
the rod side cylinder hose to the block, use new O--ring.

Sandvik Mining and Construction

T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Checking and adjusting Steering System 24

Cylinder piston side leakage test:

High-pressure oil spray hazard. The high- pressure
oil spray can cause serious injury. Allow the
pressure to be relesed from the hydraulic circuit
opening the plugs or connectors.

1. Disconnect the piston side hydraulic line from the manifold

block of the cylinder to be tested. Cap the manifold to
eliminate any high--pressure oil injection hazard during the
test.
2. Allow the cylinder piston side oil to drain into an oil drain
container via the disconnected hose, until completely drain
and all oil flow has stopped.
3. With the second person observing the container and
piston side hose end from a safe position, start the engine and
move the steering joystick to pressurise the rod side hydraulic
circuit of the cylinder being tested.
4. If oil is observed coming from the cylinder the piston seals
are bypassing in this direction (rod to piston side). The
cylinder needs to replace or overhaul.
NOTE! Cylinder piston seals are directional, while uncommon
it is possible for the cylinder to bypass in one direction ONLY.

Sandvik Mining and Construction

T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Checking and adjusting Steering System 25

5. Shut down the engine.

6. Release hydraulic pressure from both left and right steer
hydraulic circuits. This can be done safely by using
a capillary test hose into the steer test points. Gradually
screw the quick connects on to release the pressure in a
control manner. Use an oil drain contain to collect
any oil.

7. Remove the cap from the manifold block and reconnect

the piston side cylinder hose to the block, use new O-ring.
8. Check all fluid levels.
9. Start machine. Check for steer oil leaks, repair as needed.
10. Remove the frame locking pin and stop engine.

Sandvik Mining and Construction

T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Checking and adjusting Steering System 26

Steering cylinder hydraulic pressure test

Only perform maintenance work when the machine is

parked. Use the appropriate tools for the task. Replace or
repair faulty tools and equipment. When performing
maintenance and repair work, make sure there are no
unauthorised persons in the working area.

1. Connect a 25,0 MPa (250 bar) pressure gauge to the

steering system quick disconnect fitting.
2. Install the frame locking pin.
3. Pull the steering lever to the fully left hand turn. Hold the
lever there momentarily and record the gauge reading.
4. The steering system pressure should be 125 bar (12,5
MPa).
5. If the reading does not match the specification.
• the steering relief valve
(built in steering main valve) needs to be adjusted
• the relief valve valve is malfunctioning and should be
overhauled

Sandvik Mining and Construction

T6 rev1.2 02.06 MY
Steering cylinder Steering System 27

When the wheels face straight ahead, cylinder extension is

50%. If the machine is turned to the left, the right cylinder
extends and the left cylinder retracts. When the machine is
turned to the right, the left cylinder extends and the right
cylinder retracts. All cylinders are similar design. They are
single stage, double acting hydraulic cylinders.
The steering cylinders are mounted between the front and rear
frames on each side of the machine. In the cylinder ends there
are ball joint bearings (2) fastened with circlips (1).
In steering cylinders the front end ball joint bearing is mounted
to the front frame instead of piston rod. The piston (11) is
secured to the rod (14) by two lock screws (10). On the outer
diameter of the piston two slip rings (8) and a piston seal (9)
are located in their own respective grooves. Between the piston
and rod there is a o-ring (12) to make the fastening tight. The
gland assembly (13) is held in place at the end of the cylinder
tube (3) by allen head bolts (5). O-ring (4) is fitted into a groove
on the outside diameter of the gland assembly.
Located in the internal bore of the gland assembly is a seal (6)
and a wiper (7). The seals prevents leakage past the rod. The
wiper cleans dirt from the rod as it retracts. For the lubrication
of the ball joint bearings there are two grease nipples (15) in
the cylinder ends. Cylinder rod movement within the housing is
accomplished by applying pressurized oil flow on either side of
the piston and allowing the oil on the opposite side of the piston
to return back to hydraulic oil tank.

Sandvik Mining and Construction