CONJUNCTION

BUILDING SHARED OF KNOWLEDGE

Conjunction
Conjunctions are very essential in English because it is often used to help writers composing sentences, complex
sentences and paragraph. The functions of conjunctions in English are various depending on the focus of the sentences.
There are some types of conjunctions in English. The following are the kind of conjunction in English:

1. However
Memiliki arti ‘namun demikian’ atau akan tetapi
Penyataan yang di awali ‘however’ berkontradiksi dengan pernyataan lainnya
Kata ‘buy’ dan ‘nevertheless’ memiliki makna yang senada tatkala mengawali sebuah kalimat
Contoh:
- You couldn’t earn much , however you work
- I’d like to go; however, I don’t have time

2. Otherwise
Memiliki arti ‘sebaliknya’, ‘jika tidak’ untuk menyatakan kemungkinan akibat yang tidak diharapkan kalau
pernyataan sebelumnya / lainnya tidak terpenuhi.
Conjunction ‘or’, ‘if not’ dan ‘unless’ dapat menggantikan kedudukan ‘otherwise’
- We must be early; otherwise, we won’t get seat.
- \You go with me, or /otherwise you stay here alone

3. So
Memiliki arti ‘jadi’,’ maka’, menunjukkan akibat yang terjadi dari pernyataan sebelumnya
Our cases were too heavy, so we took a taxi.

 Apabila ‘so’ dirangkai dengan ‘that’ maka akan membentuk arti: ‘begitu…..sehingga…..’

Contoh:

- They ran so fast that I couldn’t beat

(Larinya begitu cepat sehingga saya tidak dapat menegejarnya)

4. Therefore
Berarti ‘oleh karena itu’ memiliki makna yang senada dengan ‘so’, ‘consequently ‘, dan ‘hence’ – untuk
menunjukkan akibat dari suatu kalimat sebab- akibat.
Contoh:
There is fog at Cijoho;therefore, the place has been diverted

5. Though /although/ even though

Memiliki arti ‘walaupun’ – menunjukkan kalimat yang bertentangan dan selamanya di ikuti oleh bentuk klausa ( S +
predikat)
Sementara ‘despite’ dan ‘ in spite’ meskipun artinya sama yaitu ‘walaupun’ tetapi conjunction ini harus diikuti
frase / fragmen (noun/pronoun/gerund)

Though/although/even though he had no qualification, he got the job

Despite/in spite / of having no qualification, he got the job
Though/ although/ even though it was windy, he contunued the cruise\

6. As,For,Because, Since
Ketigannya dapat berarti ‘karena’ tatkala diikuti sebuah klausa.
The days were short,as/for/since/ because it was not December
Kata hubung ‘karena’ yang diikuti frase berupa ‘because of’
7. As, When, While
Memiliki arti ‘ketika/tatkala/sementara-menunjukkan waktu saat terjadinya sesuatu.
My father came as /while/when I was studying
Namun ‘as’ terkadang bermakna ganda: tatkala atau karena
As a student , he knows a lot of knowledge

8. And
Bermakna ‘dan’ menggabungkan dua buah kata/kalimat/ klausa yang bentuk dan fungsinya sama dan setara
I know Dody as an an awfully loyal employee and a very hard worker
He tried to preserve the environment for future generation by puryfying the air and replanting the forest

9. Whereas
Bermakna ‘padahal’ untuk menunjukkan kontra harap dengan rujukan pembuktian fakta sebenarny
She can’t travel whereas she has a lot of money

10. Not …until…

Rangkaian ‘not ….until…’ memiliki penegrtian ‘ baru ….setelah…..
I didn’t understand the lesson until the teacher explained it twice
(Saya baru menegerti pelajaran tersebut setelah guru menerangkannya dua kali)
She could not believe me until I told her the truth
(Dia baru percaya setelah saya ceritakan yang sebenarnya)
 13. How ‘s the new restaurant?
Choose the best asnwer! The food is good but _____
a. The atmosphere of the restaurant is very easy
1. ‘How’s the new restaurant ?’ b. It can be easily reached
‘The food is good but ________ c. the service needs to be improved
a. the atmosphere of the restaurant is very easy d. it is cheaper than any other restaurant
b. It can be easily reached e. its parking lot is considerable big
c. The service needs to be improved 14. Being a government official, he does not earn much
d. It is cheaper than any other restaurant But he ___________
e. its parking lot is considerably big a. lives in poverty
2. _____three people have died of cholera, the old people b. is very dedicated
a. Although c. in spite of d. since c. is never happy
b. However e. despite d. is not satisfied
3. ‘How was the exam?’ e. is frequently absent
‘ It was not easy ______I am sure I can pass.’ 15. _____all the students were seated, the teacher
a. and c. or e. as started the lesson.
b. but d. so a. if c. until e. although
4. The hotel provides good facilities; still, my wife _____ b. when d. so that
a. has enjoyed staying there 16. _________the erathquake had made the region
b. has her friends move to this hotel unsafe for living, the villagers were willing to
c. has prolonged her stay there transmigrate.
d. has so much to complain a. in order that c. until e. since
e. has propmoted its good service to others. b. whereas d. so that
5. Why didn’t you print your report at home? 17. I was late because I caught the wrong bus,’ means I
‘I ran out of ink for my printer. It’s_______expensive caught the wrong bus_________I was late
That I can’t afford it. a. although c. so that e. when
a. such c. so e. very much b. but d. so
b. very d. such 18. You’ll have to call me early in the morning ____I will
6. ________Andy seldom attends classes, he is always have left for work.
one of the best students in class. a. however c. furthermore e. moreover
a. whenever c. because e. if b. otherwise d. consequently
b. since d. although 19. I told tommy to take the recruiting test seriously ___
7. ‘His two last musical shows were not professionally He would not be accepted.
conducted a. but c. so e. or
‘You’re right _____, he has contacted Kris, a b. and d. for
professional in the entertainment business, for his next 20. ________like him very much , she always pretends to
show. ignore him.
a. so that d. in spite of that a. since c. whereas e. however
b. In addition e. moreover b. because d. even though
c. therefore
8. We are planning to open a new branch office in
Surabaya._____the economic crisis forced us to postpone
it.
a. and c. so e. very much
b. or d. but
9. The government is planning to liquidate several banks
Soon,_____very few people know which one they are.
a. but c. as e. so
b. or d. for
10. _____Andy seldom attends classes, he is always one
of the bests students in class.
a. whenever c. because e. if
b. since d. although
11. Last year the couple could not save much money ;
otherwise ,they ______make a tour around the world this
year.
a. nevertheless d. therefore
b. otherwise e. besides
c. moreover
12.All the members of the parliament applaused ____the
president was walking to his seat.
a. so that c. even if e. while
b. although d. as soon as