General Information

SPECIFICATIONS
FRONT SUSPENSION
Item
Suspension type Double wishbone coil spring
Type Gas pressurized
Stroke 112mm (4.41in.)
Shock absorber Damping force(Piston Compression 82±15kg (804±147N)
speed: 0.3m/s) Extension 124±18kg (1217±177N)
I.D. color Red
Free height 341.8mm
Coil spring
I.D. color Red

REAR SUSPENSION
Item Specification
Suspension type 5 link coil spring
Type Gas pressurized
Stroke 186mm (7.32in.)
Shock absorber Damping force Compression 78±14kg (765±137N)
(Piston speed: 0.3m/s) Extension 158±23kg (1550±226N)
I.D. color Yellow
Type Gas pressurized
Stroke 180mm (7.09in.)
Shock absorber
Damping force Compression 36±9kg (350±85N)
(Self levelizer)
(Piston speed: 0.3m/s) Extension 175±23 (1710±220N)
I.D. color Yellow
Free height 353.9mm (13.93in.)
Coil spring
I.D. color Blue

Coil spring Free height 360.4mm (14.19in.)

(Self levelizer) I.D. color Purple

WHELL AND TIRE

Item Specification
225/75 R16
Tire 245/70 R16
245/65 R17
7.0J × 16
Wheel
7.0J × 17
Tire pressure Front 2.1kg/cm² (30psi)
Rear 2.1kg/cm² (30psi)

WHEEL ALIGNMENT
TYPE SPECIFICATION
Toe 0°±0.2° (0±0.079in.)
Camber angle 0°±0.5°
Front
Caster angle 3.89°±0.5°
King pin angle 12.13°
Camber 0.5°±0.5°
Rear
Toe-in 0° ± 0.2° (0±0.079)

SPECIAL SERVICE TOOL

Tool (Number and name) Illustration Use
0K2A1 341 001A For removal of front shock absorber spring
Coil spring compressure

TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptoms Possible causes Remedy
Excessive vehicle rolling Broken or deteriorated stabilizer Replace
Damaged shock absorber Replace
Abnormal noise Loose mounting parts Retighten
Broken or worn wheel bearing Replace
Shock absorber malfunction Replace
Damaged tire Replace
Poor riding Excessive tire inflation pressure Adjust the tire inflation the pressure
Shock absorber malfunction Replace
Loose wheel nut Tighten to the specified torque
Distorted or broken coil spring Replace
Damaged tire Replace
Worn bushing Replace
Vehicle leans to one side Deformed arm assembly Replace
Worn bushing Replace
Distorted or broken coil spring Replace
 Symptoms Possible causes Remedy
Hard steering Improper front wheel alignment Repair
Excessive turning resistance of lower
Replace
arm ball joint
Lack of tire inflation pressure Adjust
Power steering malfunction Repair or Replace
Wandering Improper front wheel alignment Repair
Worn or loose lower arm bushing Retighten or Replace
Bottoming Broken or worn coil spring Replace

DIAGNOSIS (TIRES/WHEELS)
Problem Possible Cause Action
Rapid wear at shoulders Under-inflation or lack of rotation Adjust the tire pressure

Rapid wear at center Over-inflation or lack of rotation

Cracked treads Under-inflation

 Problem Possible Cause Action
Wear on one side Excessive camber Inspect the camber

Feathered edge Incorrect toe Adjust the toe-in

Bald spots Unbalanced wheel Adjust the imbalanced wheels

Scalloped wear Lack of rotation of tires or worn or out-of- Rotate the tires inspect the front s-
alignment suspension uspension alignment
Front Suspension System
Front Strut Assembly
REMOVAL 6. Remove the brake hose bracket and then the remove
1. Loosen battery cable and mounting bolt and then the upper arm bolts and nuts.
remove battery.

LHAC005D

LHAC005C 7. Remove the shock absorber lower nut.

2. Remove three shock absorber mounting block nuts
from the mounting block.

LHAC005B

8. Remove the spring and shock absorber assembly

LHAC005A from the vehicle as an assembly.
3. Raise the front of the vehicle and support it with
safety stands.
4. Remove the front wheels.
5. Remove the bolt on the steering knuckle side that
secures the upper arm ball joint.

LHAC005E
INSTALLATION
1. After making sure identification mark on the spring
seat. Position the spring and shock absorber
assembly into the upper mounting block.

LHAC017B

7. Tighten the upper arm bolts and nuts and then install
brake hose brackets.
Tightening torque :
LHAC009A 76-95 N·m (7.6-9.5 kg·m, 54-68 Ib·ft)
2. Install the mounting block nuts by 3-4 threads only.
3. Insure the front of the vehicle is raised and supported
with safety stands.
4. Tighten the lower nut of the shock absorber.
Tightening torque :
122-140 N·m (12.2-14 kg·m, 88-101 Ib·ft)

LHAC005D

8. Install the wheels and secure with lock nuts.

Tightening torque :
90-120 N·m (9-12 kg·m, 65-86 Ib·ft)
9. Lower the vehicle.
10.Tighten the mounting block nut.
LHAC005B
Tightening torque :
5. Position the upper arm to the frame brackets, insert
44-55 N·m (4.4-5.5 kg·m, 31-39 Ib·ft)
the bolts and hand tighten the nuts.

LHAC005A
LHAC017A
11.Install the battery mounting bracket and the battery.
6. Install the upper arm ball joint into the top of the
steering knuckle and tighten the side bolt and nut. 12.After installing the front shock absorber and coil
spring assembly, measure the wheel alignment and
Tightening torque :
adjust if necessary.
45-55 N·m (4.4-5.5 kg·m, 31-39 Ib·ft)
DISASSEMBLY
1. Secure the shock absorber in a suitable vise.
2. Loosen the piston rod nut several turns.
NOTICE
• Use copperplate in the jaws of the vise to protect
the shock absorber bottom bracket.
• Remove the piston rod nut until coil spring is
compressed and secured.

LHAC006A

3. While still secured in a vise, compress the coil spring

with SST.

LHAC006B

4. Remove the piston rod nut and each part as below.

LHAC006C
INSPECTION/REBUILD NOTICE
1. Secure a handle to the shock absorber piston rod Use copperplate in the jaws of the vise to protect the
and compress and lift the rod three times with a shock absorber bottom bracket.
constant speed. Inspect for uniform working force 2. Set the end of the coil spring to the rubber seat and
and abnormal noise. install the coil spring.
3. Assemble stopper bump, dust cover, stopper washer,
lower bush, rubber seat, spring seat, boss, upper
bush and upper washer in sequence.
4. Hand tighten the piston rod nut.

LHAC007A

2. Inspect the entire shock absorber for signs of oil

leakage; replace if required.
3. Inspect the coil spring for stress cracks and/or other
damage. LHAC006B

4. Inspect for damage or deterioration of the upper and 5. Carefully loosen the coil spring compressor and
lower bushes. remove it.
5. Inspect for damage or tearing of the spring seat and 6. With the bottom bracket of the shock absorber still in
rubber seat. the vice, tighten the piston rod nut.
Tightening torque :
76-95 N·m (7.6-9.5 kg·m, 54-68 Ib·ft)

LHAC007B

ASSEMBLY
1. Secure the bottom portion of the shock absorber in a LHAC008B
vise and compress the coil spring with SST.

LHAC008A
Front Lower Arm
REMOVAL
1. Raise the front of the vehicle and support it with
safety stands.
2. Remove the front wheels.
3. Remove the lower nut of control link of stabilizer bar.
4. Remove the lower nut of shock absorber.

LHAC010D

9. Remove the spindle from the front frame

crossmember brackets during raising the steering
gear box by using suitable bar.

LHAC005B

5. Remove the bolts and nuts that joins lower arm and
lower arm ball joint.

LHAC010E

NOTICE
Before loosening the nuts of the spindles, make note
of the numerical setting and mark the location on the
frame bracket and plate so it can be re-installed to
the same setting and location.
LHAC010A

6. Remove the cotter pin and castle nut from the lower
arm ball joint.

LHAC014B

10.Remove the lower arm.

LHAC010B

7. Remove the lower arm ball joint from the steering

knuckle with SST.
8. Remove the steering gear mounting bolts and nuts.
BUSHING REPLACEMENT
1. For bushing removal, utilize a standard bearing
press.
2. Install the new bushing using a standard bearing
press.
NOTICE
Apply lubricant to the new bushings prior to
installation.
INSTALLATION
1. Install the lower arm ball joint to the steering knuckle. LHAC014B

Tightening torque : 5. Install the lower nut of the shock absorber.

160-180 N·m (16-18 kg·m, 115-130 Ib·ft) Tightening torque :
2. Install a new cotter pin through the castle nut. 122-140 N·m (12.2-14 kg·m, 88-101 Ib·ft)

LHAC010B LHAC005B

3. Position the lower arm to the front frame 6. Install the lower nut of control link of stabilizer bar.
crossmember brackets and then position the spindle Tightening torque :
during lift up the steering gear box by using suitable 95-117 N·m (9.5-11.7 kg·m, 68-84 Ib·ft)
bar.
7. Install the wheels and secure the lock nuts.
4. Install the lower arm spindles.
Tightening torque :
Tightening torque : 90-120 N·m (9-12 kg·m, 65-86 Ib·ft)
265-305 N·m (26.5-30.5 kg·m, 191-220 Ib·ft)
8. Remove the safety stands and lower the vehicle.
NOTICE
After installation, measure the wheel alignment and
adjust if necessary. Refer to "Wheel Alignment" in
this section.
INSPECTION
1. Inspect for worn or deteriorated lower arm bushings.
2. Inspect for bent, cracked or damaged lower arm.
3. Inspect for worn or damaged ball joint.
LHAC010E 4. Replace if damaged, deformed or cracked; replace
bushing if worn or deteriorated. Refer to "Bushing
NOTICE Replacement" in the following procedure.
Align the spindle to the numerical setting and
marked location on the frame bracket and plate so
the same setting and location is maintained.
Front Upper Arm
REMOVAL INSTALLATION
1. Raise the front of the vehicle and support it with 1. Raise the front of the vehicle and support it with
safety stands. safety stands.
2. Remove the front wheels. 2. Position the upper arm to the frame brackets, insert
3. Remove the bolt on the steering knuckle side that the bolts and hand tighten the nuts.
secures the upper arm ball link.

LHAC005E LHAC017A

4. Remove the brake hose bracket and then remove the 3. Install the upper arm ball joint into the top of the
upper arm bolts and nuts. steering knuckle and tighten the side bolt and nut.
Tightening torque :
44-55 N·m (4.4-5.5 kg·m, 31-39 Ib·ft)

LHAC005D

REPLACING THE BUSHING

1. Secure the upper arm in a suitable vise. LHAC017B

2. Using a standard bearing press, remove the old 4. Tighten the upper arm bolts and nuts and then install
bushing. brake hose brackets.
3. Install the new bushing and then press it into the Tightening torque :
upper arm with a standard bearing press. 76-95 N·m (7.6-9.5 kg·m, 54-68 Ib·ft)
NOTICE
Apply lubricant to the new bushings to facilitate
insertion into the upper arm.

The upper arm ball joint link and dust boot are
non-replaceable items. Replace the upper arm if
these items are damaged and/or deteriorated.

LHAC005D

5. Install the wheels and secure with lock nuts.

Tightening torque :
90-120 N·m (9-12 kg·m, 65-86 Ib·ft)

NOTICE
After installation, measure the wheel alignment and
adjust if necessary. Refer to "Wheel Alignment" in
this section.
INSPECTION
1. Inspect for bent, cracked or otherwise damaged
upper arm.
2. Inspect for worn or deteriorated upper arm bushing.
3. Inspect for worn or damaged ball link and replace if
damaged, deformed or cracked.
4. Replace bushings if worn or deteriorated. Refer to
"Replacing the Bushing" in the following procedure.

LHAC015A
Front Stabilizer Bar
REMOVAL INSTALLATION
1. Raise up the front of the vehicle and support it with 1. Position the control links to the lower arm.
safety stands. 2. Loosely tighten the control link nuts.
2. Remove the wheels. 3. Install the stabilizer bar on the control link.
3. Remove the undercover. 4. Align the clamp bushing inside of stabilizer bushing
4. Remove the nuts and oil damper rubbers of control and install bracket.
link. Tightening torque :
44-55 N·m (4.4-5.5 kg·m, 31-39 Ib·ft)

LHAC018A

5. Remove the stabilizer bar bushing brackets and then LHAC018B

remove the stabilizer bar.
5. Install the oil damper rubber and nut, and then
tighten to the specified length.

LHAC018B

6. Remove the control link from the lower arm. LHAC020A

6. Tighten the lower nut of control link.

Tightening torque :
95-117 N·m (9.5-11.7 kg·m, 68-84 Ib·ft)

LHAC018C
INSPECTION
1. Inspect for bent, cracked or damaged stabilizer bar.
2. Inspect for worn or deteriorated stabilizer bar
bushing.

LHAC028A

3. Inspect for worn or damaged ball joint of control link.

Rear Suspension System
Rear Shock Absorber
REMOVAL
1. Raise the rear of the vehicle and support it with
safety stands.
2. Remove the rear wheels.
3. Raise the rear axle housing to facilitate removal of
the shock absorbers.

LHAC021B

8. Remove the upper rubber seat.

INSTALLATION
1. Position the upper rubber seat to the coil spring.
CAUTION
Align the spring end with the groove of the
LHAC021D spring pad and fix the spring and the spring pad
4. Remove stabilizer link upper mounting nut. by adhering the 3 parts with tape.

LHAC021E LHAC023A

5. Remove the rear shock absorber lower nut and 2. Slowly raise the rear axle housing while installing the
washer. coil spring.

LHAC021A LHAC021B

6. Remove the shock absorber upper bolt, and then 3. Install the shock absorber upper nut.
remove the shock absorber. Tightening torque :
7. Lower the rear axle housing slowly to facilitate 122-140 N·m (12.2-14 kg·m, 88-101 Ib·ft)
removal of the coil spring.
4. Install the shock absorber lower bolt. INSPECTION
Tightening torque : 1. Compress and expand the shock absorber three to
122-140 N·m (12.2-14 kg·m, 88-101 Ib·ft) four times and analyze for uniform working force and
abnormal noise.
2. Inspect for gas leakage.

LHAC021A

5. Install the stabilizer link upper mounting nut to the

LHAC022A
specified length.
3. Inspect the shock absorber for a worn or deteriorated
rubber bushing.
4. Replace the rear shock absorber assembly if a
problem is found.
5. Inspect the rear coil spring for bends, cracks or other
damage.

LHAC023C

6. Install the wheels and secure with lug nuts.

Tightening torque :
90-120 N·m (9-12 kg·m, 65-86 Ib·ft)
7. Remove the safety stands and lower the vehicle. LHAC022C

6. Inspect the upper rubber seats for tears and/or

deterioration.
7. Inspect the rear jounce stop for damage and/or
deterioration.
8. Replace if damaged, deformed or cracked; replace
bushings if worn or deteriorated.
Upper Arm, Lower Arm And Assist Link
REAR UPPER ARM
Removal
1. Raise the rear of the vehicle and support it with
safety stands.
2. Remove the rear wheels.
3. Raise the rear axle housing to facilitate removal of
the upper arm.
4. Remove shock absorber lower bolt.

LHAC024B

Bushing Replacement
1. Press out the bushing using a standard bearing
press.
2. Apply soapy water to the bushing and press into
place using a standard bearing press.
Installation
1. Install the upper arm and the bolts.
LHAC021A Tightening torque :
5. Loosen the upper arm bolts and remove the upper 122-140 N·m (12.2-14 kg·m, 88-101 Ib·ft)
arm. 2. Install shock absorber lower bolt.
Tightening torque :
122-140 N·m (12.2-14 kg·m, 88-101 Ib·ft)
3. Lower the rear axle housing.
4. Install the wheels and secure with lug nuts.
Tightening torque :
90-120 N·m (9-12 kg·m, 65-86 Ib·ft)
5. Remove the safety stands and lower the vehicle.

LHAC024A

Inspection
1. Inspect the upper arm for bends, cracks and/or other
damage.
2. Inspect the upper arm bushings for wear and/or
deterioration.
3. Replace if damaged, deformed or cracked; replace
bushings if worn or deteriorated. Refer to Bushing
Replacement in the following procedure.
REAR LOWER ARM Installation
Removal 1. Install the lower arm and the bolts.
1. Raise the rear of the vehicle and support it with Tightening torque :
safety stands. 122-140 N·m (12.2-14 kg·m, 88-101 Ib·ft)
2. Remove the rear wheels. 2. Install wheel speed sensor cable to the rear lower
3. Raise the rear axle housing to facilitate removal of arm.
the lower arm. 3. Install shock absorber lower bolt.
4. Remove shock absorber lower bolt. Tightening torque :
122-140 N·m (12.2-14 kg·m, 88-101 Ib·ft)
4. Lower the rear axle housing.
5. Install the wheels and secure with lug nuts.
Tightening torque :
90-120 N·m (9-12 kg·m, 65-86 Ib·ft)
6. Remove the safety stands and lower the vehicle.

LHAC021A

5. Remove wheel speed sensor cable from rear lower

arm.
6. Loosen the lower arm bolts and remove the lower
arm.
Inspection
1. Inspect the lower arm for bends, cracks and/or other
damage.
2. Inspect the lower arm bushings for wear and/or
deterioration.
3. Replace if damaged, deformed or cracked; replace
bushings if worn or deteriorated. Refer to Bushing
Replacement in the following procedure.
Bushing Replacement
1. Press out the bushing using a standard bearing
press.
2. Apply lubricant to the bushing and press into place
using a standard bearing press.
Rear Stabilizer Bar
REMOVAL INSTALLATION
1. Support the bottom of the rear differential carrier with 1. Align the identification mark white paint on stabilizer
a jack. bar with bushing and install the stabilizer bar bushing
bracket.
Tightening torque :
19-23N·m (1.9-2.3 kg·m, 13-16lb·ft)

LHAC021D

2. Remove the stabilizer link mounting nut.

LHAC019A

2. Install the joint cup and nut and then tighten to the
specified length.

LHAC021E

3. Remove the stabilizer bar bushing bracket.

LHAC023C

LHAC027B
Lateral Rod
LATERAL ROD 2. Inspect the lateral rod bushings for wear and/or
Removal deterioration.
1. Raise the rear of the vehicle and support it with 3. Replace if damaged, deformed or cracked; replace
safety stands. bushings if worn or deteriorated. Refer to "Bushing
Replacement" in the following procedure.
2. Remove the rear wheels.
3. Raise the rear axle housing to facilitate removal of
Bushing Replacement
the lateral rod. 1. Press out the bushing using a standard bearing
press.
4. Remove shock absorber lower bolt.
2. Apply lubricant to the bushing and press into place
using a standard bearing press.
Installation
1. Install the lateral rod and the bolts.
Tightening torque :
187-215 N·m (18.7-21.5 kg·m, 135-155 Ib·ft)
2. Install shock absorber lower bolt.
Tightening torque :
122-140 N·m (12.2-14.0 kg·m, 88-101 Ib·ft)
LHAC021A
3. Lower the rear axle housing.
5. Loosen the lateral rod bolts and remove the lateral
4. Install the wheels and secure with lug nuts.
rod.
Tightening torque :
90-120 N·m (9-12 kg·m, 65-86 Ib·ft)
5. Remove the safety stands and lower the vehicle.

LHAC026A

Inspection
1. Inspect the lateral rod for bends, cracks and/or other
damage.

LHAC024B
Tires/Wheels
FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
WARNING
PROVIDE SUFFICIENT SUPPORT FOR THE VEHICLE
TO REDUCE THE POSSIBILITY OF THE VEHICLE
FALLING, CAUSING PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH.
Wheel alignment refers to the angular relationship
between the wheels, control arms, suspension and the
ground. It deals with tire camber, caster, toe-in and
wheel balancing. Proper wheel alignment and wheel
balance insures a safe, quiet ride with minimal tire wear.
LHAC030A
This section assumes that all components are in good
working condition. Performing this exercise may also Adjustment (Camber)
detect any problem areas in the front suspension. It is 1. Turn the front spindle clockwise so that the number
advisable to replace defective components before "1" mark is aligned with the vertical line on the
attempting a wheel alignment. spindle bracket.
Inspection 2. Turn the rear spindle clockwise so that the number
1. Inspect tires for proper balance and inflation. Balance "1" mark is aligned with the vertical line on the
tires and set to the recommended pressure if spindle bracket.
necessary. Each numerical point indicated on the spindle increases
2. Inspect front wheel bearing play and reduce the the camber by 0.18 degrees when turned to the vertical
bearing play; replace any defective bearings. line on the spindle bracket.

3. Inspect for any excessive looseness of the ball joints

and steering center link.
4. Place the vehicle on level ground and confirm that
there are no passengers or luggage on board.
5. Push down on the front of the vehicle to determine
the correct operation of the shock absorbers.
CAMBER
Inspection (Camber)
1. Position the vehicle so that the front wheel is on the
LHAC014B
turning-radius gauge.
2. Remove wheel cover. CASTER
3. Attach the standard camber gauge to the hub and Inspection (Caster)
measure the camber. 1. Position the vehicle so that the front wheel is on the
turning-radius gauge.
Camber :
0.39 ± 0.5° (No Passenger Load) 2. Remove the wheel cover.
0° (2 Passenger Load)

LHAC030A
3. Attach a standard caster gauge to the hub and ADJUSTMENT (TOE-IN)
measure the caster. 1. Loosen the left and right tie-rod lock nuts.
Caster : 2. Toe to specifications by turning the tie-rod by the
3.30° ± 0.5° (No Passenger Load) center adjuster.
3.55° (2 Passenger Load) 3. Tighten the left and right tie-rod lock nuts.
Adjustment (Caster) Tightening torque :
1. Turn the front spindle clockwise until the number "1" 50-55 N·m (5.0-5.5 kg·m, 36-39 Ib·ft)
mark is aligned with the vertical line on the spindle
4. Repeat adjustment instructions for opposite side.
bracket.
2. Turn the rear spindle counter-clockwise until the
number "1" mark is aligned with the vertical line on
the spindle bracket.
Each numerical point indicated on the spindle increases
the caster by 0.23 degrees when turned to the vertical
line.

LHAC032B

LHAC014B

TOE-IN
INSPECTION (TOE-IN)
1. Position the vehicle on level ground and place the
front wheels in a straight-ahead position within ± 5
degrees.
2. Measure the toe-in with a standard toe-in gauge.
Toe-in (B-A) :
0°±0.2°(0±0.079in.)
(No Passenger Load)
0 in. (0°)
(2 Passenger Load)

LHAC032A
Tire
TIRE WEAR
1. Measure the tread depth of the tire.
Tread depth of tire (Limit) :
1.6 mm (0.0630 in.)
2. If the tread depth is less than the limit, replace the
tire.
NOTICE
When the tread depth of the tire is reduced to 1.6
mm(0.0630 in.) or less, the wear indicators will
appear.

LHAC033A
Wheel
WHEEL RUNOUT
1. Jack up the vehicle and support it with jack stands.
2. Measure wheel runout with a dial indicator.
3. Replace the wheel if wheel runout exceeds the limit.
Wheel runout [Limit]
Aluminum whe -
Direction Steel wheel
el
0.3 mm 1.0 mm
Radial
(0.012 in.) (0.039 in.)
0.3 mm 1.2 mm
Axial
(0.012 in.) (0.222 in.)

LHAC034A

WHEEL NUT TIGHTENING

1. Tightening torque.
Tightening torque :
90-120 N·m (9-12 kg·m, 65-86 Ib·ft)

CAUTION
When using an impact-wrench, adjust the
tightening torque completely.
2. Tighten all the wheel nut according to the order
shown in the illustration until they are all tight.

LHAC034B