Answer key
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UNIT 1
Getting started
2a
‘non-renewable energy
resources
renewable energy resources
biofuel, biomass, ethanol, hydro-
electric power, nuclear power,
solar power, tidal energy, wind
power
coal, fossil fuel, gas, peat
b 1 biofuel, biomass, coal, ethanol, fossil fuel, gas, peat
Spotlight on language
2 1coal 2oil 3 nuclear
Spotlight on exam skills 1
1c
31 2A 3D
Vocabulary builder 1
1 2 conventional 3 greener 4 make up the shortfall
5 goes without saying 6 maintain our present lifestyles
7 gas-guzzling four-by-fours 8 face stark choices
9 get us out of this difficult situation
10 spend a high proportion of your income on
Spotlight on exam skills 2
1A
2A
3 2i 3vi 4iti Si 6vii 7iv
6 pollution, taxis, storage, cost
71B 2A 3D
8le 2c 3b 4g 5i 6f 7h 8a 9d
Vocabulary builder 2
11f 2c 3g 4a Sb 6d 7e
3 far too (paragraph 1), too dangerous (paragraph 1), no way
(paragraph 2), ever more (paragraph 3), almost certainly
(paragraph 3), quite probable (paragraph 4), highly likely
(paragraph 5)
4 Suggested answers
lextremely 2 very; incredibly 3 totally 4 relatively
5 extremely 6 certainly
UNIT 2
Spotlight on language
1 chill out
cut down on modified starch, cut down on smoking, cut dowa
on spirits
feel-good factor
fit as a fiddle
on cloud nine
out of condition
over the moon
sedentary lifestyle
splitting headache
stop smoking
be in high spirits
watch out, watch your weight
2 2 cut down on modified starch 3 on cloud nine /over the moon
4 chillout 5asfitasafiddle 6 over the moon /(on cloud nine)
7 sedentary lifestyle 8 splitting headache 9 stop smoking
10 a feel-good factor 11 watching my weight
12 out of condition
Spotlight on exam skills 1
2 leconomic output 2 the past decade 3 criticized
4 massive increases 5 sense of well-being
6 significantly gloomier 7 cultural values 8 traffic
4a 1(un)happily 2happy 3happy 4happy 5 happy
6happy 7happily 8(un)happily 9 happy 10 Happiness
Vocabulary builder
1 1 new-mown grass 2 City financier 3 crime statistics
4 unemployment figures 5 government policy
6 apparent paradox 7 independent body 8 labour market
Spotlight on exam skills 2
21F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6F 7T 8F 9F 10F
3 1 yes
2 not really (A metropolis is a very big city, but not every
metropolis is a capital city.)
3 yes
4 not really (A boom is more specific than a change, it is a rapid
increase or expansion.)
5 yes
6 no (Overlooked is being used metaphorically here, not literally.)
4 Suggested answers
1 An advertisement is likely to focus on visuals and have text
effects like colour/bold/quotations in order to be memorable.
The text is likely to be short rather than long, using the
language of opinion: register is often informal to give the
impression of a conversation, sometimes with imperatives.
Vocabulary is likely to include positive adjectives.
A history book is likely to have long chapters, use a formal,
factual style and full sentences, contain illustrations, and be
organised chronologically.
2 A legal document is likely to be use full sentences with formal
language, be very factual, contain no illustrations, use legal
language with present simple tense and modal verbs and be
divided into numbered sub-sections.
A newspaper article is likely to have a headline, a dramatic
opening to grab attention, probably a visual, be arranged in
columns with facts and quotations. Sentences may be short to _
be easy to understand — often sentence paragraphs, Articles
don’t necessarily follow chronological order, and there can be
past tenses, present and future tenses.
3 A personal story is likely to be a balance of fact and opinion,
use informal register, perhaps conversational style. It is
unlikely to have headings or illustrations, Past tenses are often
used to talk about something that happened.
A book review is likely to have a heading and include the
language of opinion. and be short rather than long, with some
sentences that summarise the key elements of the story. It is
unlikely to have sections.
4 An information leaflet is likely to have a heading and be
organised into logical sections, and makes use of visuals and
short sentences for clarity. The style is factual rather than
opinion-based, and is more likely to be formal than informal.
An encyclopaedia is likely to be organised alphabetically and
have short factual sentences, sometimes supported by
illustrations. It uses the language of explanation and definition
in a relatively formal style.
5 Aanencyclopaedia Babookreview Ca history book
Dan information leaflet +E anewspaper article
F an advertisement Gapersonalstory Ha legal document
6 1B,E,G
B.E
)D, EEG
GH
7 1-speed¥ professional service (extract F)
2 then quickly followed in (extract C)
3 source ofeernsiderable-confusion (extract B)
4 entering aferepeas country (extract A)
5 -altpersons belonging to (extract H)
6 have the eget right to (extract D)
7 samiversity degree course (extract E)
8 hardly understand anything-(extract G)
8 1 (using) articles’ 2 (convicted) criminals
3 (paid) work/employment 4 relatives/family 5 naturalized
6 removal
9 Sample answers
linParis 2Iwasbroke 3spendit 4 stay at home
Sevening 6ourenergy resources 7 skimming and scanning
8 immigration
UNIT 3
Getting started *
1 ldrums 2Morsecode machine 3 mobile/cell/smart phone
Vocabulary builder 1
1 Suggested answers .
business communication, channels of communication, direct
communication, effective communication, effective
communicator, global communication, internal
communication, mass communication, non-verbal
communication, online communication, poor communication,
regular communication, skilled communicator, successful
communication
communicate a message, communication breakdown,
communicating door, communicate effectively, communicate in
sign language, communication problems, communication skills,
communication systems .
2 2 skilled communicator
3 effective communication / communicating effectively /
successful communication
4 communication skills
5 communication systems
6 regular communication
7 non-verbal communication
8 channels of communication
9 communicate in sign language
10 online communication
3 1social media / Twitter 2 phone/landline/switchboard
3 printer/fax 4 non-verbal communication 5 Morse code
6texting/SMS 7 letter writing
Spotlight on exam skills 1
1 lmobile phone 2theelite 3 (in)Nigeria 4 rural areas
5 banking (industry)
5 lili 2ix 3vii 4viii Svi Oil
6 730 minutes 8 thousands ofkilometres 9 (series of) clicks
10 group identity 11 factory ships 12 shipping restrictions
7 1 virtually no light (at all) 2 a fraction of a second
3notably/particularly 4playarole 5setout(to) 6 collision
7 majestic 8 (seem to) point to
Spotlight on language
lla iti 2c,ii 3bi
2 Suggested answers
1 kilogram, kilowatt 2 hydro-electric, hydrometer, hydrogen,
hydrofoil 3 sub-editor, substandard, subdivision, subordinate
4 telephone, telegram, television, teleport, telecommunications,
telepathic, telescope, televise 5 bipolar, biannual, biped,
bicentenary, biceps, bicycle, biplane 6 post-war, postscript,
postgraduate, postpone 7 pre-watershed, prefix, predestined,
prefabricate, precondition, prepare, predict
Spotlight on exam skills 2
1 1 topic: overcome communication barriers
controlling idea: thinking carefully about the message
2 topic: learning foreign languages at school
“controlling idea: several advantages
3 topic: publicy available computer applications
controlling idea: for obvious reasons
4 topic: new-born babies learn to become effective
communicators
controlling ideas: a number of vital reasons
5 topic: learning how to get what you want in business
controlling idea: follow these steps
6 topic: starting your own blog
controlling idea: several ways to make a profit
7 topic: languages die out
controlling idea: range of different reasons
8 topic: successful advertising
controlling idea: specific features
21yes 2no 3no 4yes Syes 6no 7yes 8no
4 Suggested answers
1 make/give 2 (holidays/Jane/etc.) 3 softly/well
4 (French/English/etc.) 5 terms (with)
6 generally/roughly/relatively 7 yourself 8 someone who
9 fluent/native 10 phone 11 part/figure
6 1 Language is one of the things that distinguishes humans from
animals.
2 Latin is an example of a language that is dead but not extinct;
it has no living native speakers; no children learn it from their
parents; it was subject to the normal process of change in its
Vulgar form; the classical form was spoken and written by the
Roman upper classes.
3 Research indicates that languages are dying out at an
unprecedented rate.
4 Cultural forces affect the assimilation of language.
5 Age can result in differences in speech within families and
tight-knit communities.
6 Languages die out because children learn less and less of the
language at home.
71B 26 3C 4D 5B
8 Suggested underlining
THREE
A How / functions
B software / used
C length of time / existed
D future
E Who/ writes
F percentage / using
G problems
B,C,E
9 6-8 A/E/F (in any order)
Vocabulary builder 2
1lof 2in 3in 4in 5in 6to 7over/(after) 8 towards
2 ladding information 2timesequences 3 comparing
4summarizing 5 givingexamples 6 reporting information
7 discussing results 8 contrasting
31C 2B 3B 4C 5A
UNIT 4
Getting started
2 All the ideas are good advice except Make it clear ...;
If the interviewer makes a joke, ...; and Be modest ...
3 1 come to nothing, come up, come clean (about something),
come across as
2 do your homework, do your best, do too much
3 get results, get to the top, get on (well) with
4 give some (serious) thought to, give a (strong/confident)
handshake, give a message, give yourself plenty of time
5 make sure, make a good impression, make a deliberate effort
to, make it clear that, make a joke, make the mistake of, make
apoint of
Vocabulary builder 1
1 Suggested answers
| require alot | require a lot | likely to be in | not given the
of natural of study/ | greatdemand| recognition
talent training in the future | they deserve
portrait chemical chemical chemical
photographer | engineer engineer engineer
professional mental-health | mental-health | firefighter
football player | nurse nurse mental-health
ballet dancer professional social worker nurse
carpenter football player | dentist carpenter
ballet dancer computer
social worker programmer
history teacher
dentist
computer
programmer
311 2c 3h 4f 5k 6b 7g 8j 9i 10e lla 12d
