360 DEGREE FLEXIBLE DRILLING MACHINE

CHAPTER 1
ABSTRACT

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ABSTRACT

Drill machines have been the heart of every industry. Drilling holes in parts, sheets
and structures is a regular industrial work. Perfect and well aligned drilling needs fixed and strong
drills. Some parts cannot be drilled using fixed drills due to low space between drill bit and drill
bed. We need to use hand drills in such cases but hand drills have alignment problems while
drilling. So here we propose a 360 degree flexible drill that can be mounted on a table or wall and
can be used to drill holes horizontally, vertically or even upside down. So this makes it possible
for easy drilling in even complicated parts and surfaces. Thus we use rotating hinges and
connectors with motor mount and supporting structure to design and fabricate a mini 360 degree
drill for easy drilling operations

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CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

Drill machines have been the heart of every industry. Drilling holes in parts,
sheets and structures is a regular industrial work. Perfect and well aligned drilling needs fixed and
strong drills. Some parts cannot be drilled using fixed drills due to low space between drill bit and
drill bed. We need to use hand drills in such cases but hand drills have alignment problems while
drilling. So here i propose a 360º flexible drill that can be mounted on a table or wall and can be
used to drill holes horizontally, vertically or even upside down. So this makes it possible for easy
drilling in even complicated parts and surfaces. Thus i use rotating hinges and connectors with
motor mount and supporting structure to design and fabricate a 360 degree drilling machine for
easy drilling operations. Drilling machine is one of the most important machine tools in a workshop.
It was designed to produce a cylindrical hole of required diameter and depth on metal work pieces.
Though holes can be made by different machine tools in a shop, drilling machine is designed
specifically to perform the operation of drilling and similar operations. Drilling can be done easily
at a low cost in a shorter period of time in a drilling machine. Drilling can be called as the operation
of producing a cylindrical hole of required diameter and depth by removing metal by the rotating
edges of a drill. The cutting tool known as drill is fitted into the spindle of the drilling machine. A
mark of indentation is made at the required location with a center punch. The rotating drill is
pressed at the location and is fed into the work. The hole can be made up to a required depth.
Drilled holes are characterized by their sharp edge on the entrance side and the presence of burrs
on the exit side (unless they have been removed). Also, the inside of the hole usually has helical
feed marks. Drilling may affect the mechanical properties of the work piece by creating low
residual stresses around the whole opening and a very thin layer of highly stressed and disturbed
material on the newly formed surface.

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A. Drilling Machine Construction

The basic parts of a drilling machine are its base, supporting arms, drill head and chuck. The
base made of cast iron or other hard material may rest on a bench, floor depending upon the
design. Larger and heavy duty machines are grounded on the floor. The arms are mounted on
base with the help of hinge to rotate about it. It is accurately machined and the arms can move
up, down and rotate about x-axis. The drill chuck, an electric motor and the mechanism meant
for driving the chuck at different speeds are mounted on the top of the upper arm. Power is
transmitted from the electric motor to the drill chuck.

B. Drilling Machine Working Principle

The working principle of this flexible drilling machine is initially started from the D.C. motor
through full wave rectifier. In which there is one power sources, received from the rectifier. Then
the arm rotates at 360 degree and moves anywhere when drilling is required up to its maximum
arm length. With the help of my project we can drill in complicated parts accurately.

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CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE REVIEW

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LITERATURE REVIEW

In order to model surface roughness, several methods had been used in previous
research. Mr. K. I. Nargatti, Mr. S. V. Patil , Mr. G. N. Rakate (2016) developed a model in
Multispindle Drilling Head with Varying Centre Distance. Multiple-spindle drilling machines are
used for mass production, a great time saver where many pieces of jobs having many holes are to
be drilled. Multi-spindle head machines are used in mechanical industry in order to increase the
productivity of machining systems. This machine has two spindles driven by a single motor and
all the spindles are fed in to the work piece simultaneously. Feeding motions are obtained either
by raising the work table or by lowering the drills head. As the name indicates multiple spindle
drilling machines have two spindles driven by a single power head, and these two spindles holding
the drill bits are fed into the work piece simultaneously. The spindles are so constructed that their
centre distance can be adjusted in any position within the drill head depending on the job
requirement. The positions of those parallel shafts holding the drills are adjusted depending upon
the locations of the holes to be made on the job. Based on the literature review, the most parameters
that widely considered when investigating the operation of a machine are feed rate, spindle speed
and depth of cut. Most of the researches did not consider the uncontrolled parameters, such as tool
geometry, tool wear, chip loads, and chip formations, or the material properties of both tool and
work piece.

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CHAPTER 4
COMPONENT

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COMPONENTS

1) Motor

It is an electrical device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. It rotates

shaft which support by bush in it when power is supply through rectifier. This shaft
connect with drill bit through chuck to rotate drill bit and make hole on work piece when
it is required. Is of high torque capable which required for drilling. An electric motor is
an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The reverse
of this is the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and is done by an
electric generator, which has much in common with a motor. Most electric motors
operate through the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic field and winding
currents to generate force. In certain applications, such as in regenerative braking with
traction motors in the transportation industry, electric motors can also be used in reverse
as generators to convert mechanical energy into electric power.

2) Connecting Rod

It connects the two Frames to each other for supports between them to help to move when
we required. It consist of metal strips of two sizes one of 12” (inch) and another is of 15”
(inch). Both are of four pieces of equal length. A hinge is a mechanical bearing that
connects two solid objects, typically allowing only a limited angle of rotation between them.
Two objects connected by an ideal hinge rotate relative to each other about a fixed axis of
rotation: all other translations or rotations being prevented, and thus a hinge has one degree
of freedom. Hinges may be made of flexible material or of moving components. In a many
joints function as hinges like the elbow joint. In Hinges appear in large structures such as
elevated freeway and railroad viaducts. These are included to reduce or eliminate the
transfer of bending stresses between structural components, typically in an effort to reduce
sensitivity to earthquakes. The primary reason for using a hinge, rather than a simpler
device such as a slide, is to prevent the separation of adjacent components. When no
bending stresses are transmitted across the hinge it is called a zero moment hinge.

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3) Bearing
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired
motion, and reduces friction between moving parts. The design of the bearing may, for
example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around
a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that
bear on the moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing
friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions
allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts. Rotary bearings
hold rotating components such as shafts or axles within mechanical systems, and transfer
axial and radial loads from the source of the load to the structure supporting it. The
simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing, consists of a shaft rotating in a hole.

4) Screws
A screw joint is a one-degree-of-freedom kinematic pair used in mechanisms. Screw
joints provide single-axis translation by utilizing the threads of the threaded rod to
provide such translation. This type of joint is used primarily on most types of linear
actuators and certain types of cartesian robots. A Screw joint is sometimes considered as
a separate type but it is actually a variation of bolted joint. The difference is that a screw
is used rather that bolt, thus requiring an internal thread in one of the jointed parts. This
can save space, however, continuous reuse of the thread would probably damage the
coils, making the whole part unsuitable. A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a
nail. Some screw threads are designed to mate with a complementary thread, known as a
female thread (internal thread), often in the form of a nut or an object that has the internal
thread formed into it. Other screw threads are designed to cut a helical groove in a softer
material as the screw is inserted. The most common uses of screws are to hold objects
together and to position objects.

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5) Drill Chuck

A drill chuck is a specialized clamp designed to hold drill bits in place while they are being
rotated by the drill. The chucks nearly always have three jaws that press down on the drill
bit so that it won't slip when it pressed against a surface that it needs to penetrate. They can
also be used to hold bits and tools heads of other rotary tools.Once a bit is inserted into the
chuck, the jaws are tightened on the bit by rotating a threaded screw. The screw threads
and the threads on the backs of the jaw pieces are on an angled surface. By turning the
screw to the right, the screw moves down the tapered surface to the thicker area, this causes
the jaws to press against the bit.

6) Drill Bit

In which drill bit are used of twisted type drill. It is of material Carbon Steel. Its diameter
is of 2mm. This is used to make drill on wood, plastic and light metals.Drill bits are
cutting tools used to remove material to create holes, almost always of circular cross-
section. Drill bits come in many sizes and shapes and can create different kinds of holes
in many different materials. In order to create holes drill bits are usually attached to a
drill, which powers them to cut through the work piece, typically by rotation. The drill
will the drill bit is usually between 1:1 and 1:10. Much higher ratios are possible (e.g.,
"aircraft-length" twist bits, pressured-oil gun drill bits, etc.), but the higher the ratio, the
greater the technical challenge of producing good work.

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7) Battery

The 12 volt battery is more common than most people know. In fact, the majority of people
don’ t even know what 12 volt is. It’ s funny when a person finds out that their car or truck
is a live operating 12v dc system and they say, I’ ve heard of 12 volt but never knew what
it was. Try explaining the difference between 12 volt and 110 volt power. That’ s a
hoot.Here at 12 volt battery info we’ ll assume that you know what 12 volt and 6 volt
batteries are and what they’ re commonly used for. We’ ll cover the basics here on common
uses that some folks may be unaware of and common wiring practices.Truckers and Motor
Home owners will most likely be aware of their battery bank situation. Most of these
vehicles carry a pack of 6 volt or 12 volt deep cycle batteries on board.If 6 volt batteries
are in use in a 12 volt system there is a special wiring technique that is used to turn two 6
volt batteries into a single very deep capacity 12 volt battery. We’ ll explain how in later
articles.If you don’ t see the info you’ re looking for, please check back soon as we are
constantly updating our data base.

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CHAPTER 5
SPECIFICATION

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SPECIFICATION

Specification of Motor:

A. Type of Motor – D.C. Motor

Speed – Max 4000 rpm
Voltage – 12 Volt
Supply – D.C. Supply
Current – 0.2 – 1.2 AMP
Power – 2.4 – 15 watt
Frequency – 50 Hz
Controller – Hand
Weight – 150gm
Shaft dia. – 3.17 mm
Diameter – 36mm
Length (Body) – 50mm
Length (Shaft) – 16mm
Main Color – Silver Tone
Material – Metal Net

B. Specification of Drill Chuck:

Length = 15mm
Diameter = 7mm
Type of Chuck – Fibre

C. Bit:
Diameter – 2mm
Material – Carbon Steel
Type of Bit – Twist Drill Bit

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CHAPTER 6
MACHINING & DESIGN

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MACHINING & DESIGN

PARAMETERS
A. Cutting Speed (V) –
V = πDN
Where, D = diameter of drill in mm = 2mm
N = speed of rotation in mm = 1750 rpm
V = 183.259 mm/sec

B. Feed Rate (f) –

40 mm/min

C. Depth of Cut (d) –

d = D/2
d = 1 mm

D. Material Removal Rate –

MRR = (πD2/4)f N
MRR = 219911.485 mm3/min

E. Machining Time –
t = L/f
Where, L = length of the hole to be drilled = 10cm
f = feed of the drill = 40 mm/min
t = 0.25 min

F. Torque –
P = 15 watts , N = 1750 rpm
P = 2πNT/60
T = P x 60/2πN
T = 15 x 60/2π x 1750
T = 81.8511 N-mm

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CHAPTER 7
WORKING

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WORKING

 In which all the component is mounted on table. This support the arm to rotate freely.

 Arm rotates manually when where it is required.

 Motor are mounted on Arm which moves where work piece is to drill.

 Put drill bit point on work piece area where drill is required.

 Switch on the main supply which of A.C.

 Then this A.C. flow through Rectifier and convert to Pure D.C.

 This rotates motor and also bit rotates.

 After make hole where on work piece is required.

 Then switch off the main supply.

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CHAPTER 8
ADVANTAGES & APPLICATION

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ADVANTAGE & APPLICATION

 Advantage

1. EFFICIENT DRILLING
2. 360 DEGREE ROTATION
3. FLEXIBLE
4. EASY TO USE
5. LOW COST
6. REDUCE HANDLING COST
7. REDUCE TIME
8. REDUCE OVERALL MANUFACTURING COST
9. INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY

 Application

1. To put holes with high precision on engine heads, blocks and cylindrical shell.
2. Used in furniture making.

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CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION

This project is an efficient operation and competitive cost. Since a number of

operation and hole can be performed in a simple unit. It is efficient and economical. Considering
its uses and cost of project, it becomes relatively cheap when compared to other units

Future Scope

1) It is used in industries.

2) It is used with automation for automatic drilling.

3) In future it is used in every field where drilling is required.

4) Also use this method of rotation of arm in other machining operation.

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