Three/Four Year Degree Course

(With Multiple Entry / Exit Option)

Based on NEP-2020 (w.e.f. 2024-2025)

Geology

Sambalpur University
Accredited With Grade-A by NAAC (Third Cycle)

Odisha State Higher Education Council, Bhubaneswar

Government of Odisha
CONTENTS

CONTENTS

PROGRAMMME OUTCOMES (POs) 2

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs) 3

STRUCTUREAND REGULATION.. 4

Title and Commencement 4

AcademicYear
Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) 4

Duration &Types of Courses

Course Objective:
Occanography
To introduce the occans, its bathymetric divisions and features.
To learn about waves and currents
To lcarn about the propertics of scawater
To lcarn about occan currcnt and its impact on cnvironmcnt
Lcarning Outcome:
Describc the occan floor topographic features.
Understand the origin of wavcs, tides and current.
Describe the properties of scawater and their interaction with cncrgy.
Understand the various 0ccan currents and water mass circulation and their drivers.
Unit - I: Introduction to Occanography
Occan Floor Topography - Continental Shelf, Contincntal Slope, Continental Margin, Contincntal
Rise, Submarine Canyons, Mid Occanic Ridges, Trenches, Abyssal Plains. Wave theories, Tides
typeof tides, tidal currents, rip currents.

Unit - II: Propertics of Scawater

Salinity and chlorinity; temperature; thermal properties of sca water; density and stability.
conductivity, viscosity, heat budget, colligative and other propertics of sca water.

Unit - III: OceanCurrents and Circulation

Definition, dircct and indirect forces acting on sea water, surfacc currents, Coriolis cffect,
geostrophic currents, upwelling, sinking, circulation, El-Nino, La-Nina, significance of major
occan currents of the world, mcasurement of currents. Thermo-haline circulation.

Suggested practical:
Observed the occanographic divisions using Google Earth.
Creating bathymetric profiles
GEBCO Undersea features and landforms,
Major currents and Occan circulation patterns of world occans.

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Textbook:
Trujilo, A. and Thurman, H. (2012)Essentials of Occanography, 12th Edition, Pcarson Suggested
Readings:
Gross, M. G. (1977). Oceanography: Avicw of the carth.
Invitation to Oceanography (2009) Paul R. Pinet Jones & Barlett I.carning

Climatology
Course Objective:
 Unit-1: Theory of Regionalized Variables
Introduction, Role and Scopc of geo-statist ics, Gc0-statist ics versus simple interpolation &its
limitations Univariate, bivariate and multivariatc analysis, Gaussian distribution and central limit
theorcm
Unit-II: Variograms and Anisotropies
Scatter plots and Variograms, Variogram Models and Scmi-variogram Irregular data and
Anisotropy.
Unit-III: Lincar Geo-statistics and Kriging
Regionalised Variables and Spatial Corrclation, Non-stationary variables and variance, Co
variance and Kriging and Interpolation and corrclation
Unit-IV: Estimation of in-situ reserves
Problem of Estimation, Detcrministic estimation, Estimation critcria, Probabilistic estimation
using Kriging
Practical:
Univariate and Bivariate analysis
Kriging bascd interpolation
Variograms and Scemi-variograms
Orc rescrve cstimation Text Book:
V Mehrotra, Anul Kumar(2020) Geo-statistics for Beginners, Zorba Books
Suggestedrcadings:
V Kitanidis, P.K.(1997) Introduction to Geo-statistics:Cambridge University Press v
Stein, M.IL(1999) Interpolation of Spatial Data: Some Theory for Kriging. Springer. /
Wackernagel, Hans(1998) Multivariate Geostatistics (2nded.) Springer.

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2. Multidisciplinary Courses
(3 courses to be chosen from basket of
cach)
Multidisciplinary Courses for Semester-I/V/III with 3 credits
03 Selected Subjects from the Multi-Disciplinary Courses:
1.
2
Occanography
Climatology
3 Waste Management
.To introducc Climatc, climate changc and its implications.
. To explain climate system and hcat budgct of carth
. Tointroduce the mechanism and cflccts of Monsoon
" To provide an understanding of Aimosphere and Ilydrosphere and thcir circulation patterns
Learning Outcomc:
" Describc asystemat ic obscrvationon Climate and implications ofclimate change.
"Explain the significanceof climatc and climate change
" Elaborate the hcat budget and the mechanism of monsoon
" Evaluate the various circulation patterns of Atmosphere and lHydrosphere and its impact on climate
Unit - I: Climatc system and classification and Climate change
Componcnts of the climate system, Climatc controlling factors, Climatc systcm response, response
rates and interactions within the climate system. Basis of classification; Koppen's classification:
Thornthwaite's classification; Brief idca on Types of Climate found in India. Climate forcing and
fccdbacks,.

receipt and
Unit -II: Heat budget of Earth and Interactions Incoming solar radiation, various sources
Intcractions amongst
storagc of hcat: Heat transformation: Earth's heat budget.
influencing factors; Effects of
of carth's heat: Monsoon, its mechanism and its intensity
monsOon.

Unit -II: Atmosphere & Hydrosphere its

Stratification of atmosphere and atmospheric circulat ion; Atmospherc-occan interaction and
carth's
occanic conveyor bclt and its control on
effect on climate: Hcat transfer in occan; Global
climate: Surface and dccp circulation.

Practical
of India on map.
1. Study of distribut ionof major climatonic regimes
World map. 3. Occan currents and hcat
circulation
2. Distribution of major wind patterns

Text Book:
future. Edition 2, Frccman Publisher.
Rudiman. W.F.. 2001. Earth's climate: past and

Suggested Readings: E., and

Joncs and Barlatt. D Lutgens, F., Tarbuck,
Rohli, R.V. and Vega, A.J. 2007.Climatology.
Introduction to Metcorology. Pearson Publisher. OAguado, E.
Tasa. D. 2009. Thc Atmosphere: An
wecather.
and Burt. J. 2009. Understanding
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Waste Managcment

Course Objectives:
understanding of waste generation, management
To provide studcnts with a fundamental
practices, and their cnvironmental inpacts.