(i) There is minimum wastage of water as water is supplied directly to the roots and hardly any waler gets

evaporated.
(ii)) It is helpful in conserving water and reducing soil erosion.
Disadvantage:
(i) It is expensive.
(ii) Pipes can get clogged due to soil and impure water.
7. State wo advantage and disadvantage of sprinkler irrigation.
Ans. Advantage:
() This method is practised in arid, semi-arid and hilly areas as it saves water.
(i) It causes less wastage of water, less soil erosion and proper distribution of water to the crops.
Disadvantage:
(i) It is expensive.
(ii) It cannot be used in small land holdings.
Running and maintenance cost is high as we need to run them using electricity.
8. What do you mean by conservation of water? Name the measures adopted for it.
Ans. (1) water conservation is a process of collecting and preserving available water resources and making their
judicious use.
(11) Water conservation also refers to use water eficiently to reduce unnecessary water usage. It also inCludes
preventing water pollution.
Steps for water conservation are:
(i) Dams and tanks are built.
(i) Rooftop rainwater harvesting is carried-out.
(ii) Surface water is harvesting by constructing recharge pits.
iv) By using water saving technologies for irrigation, such as drip irrigation.
V. Name the following (1 Mark)
1. Thefirst and the onlv state in India, which has made roofiop rainwater harvesting compulsor:.
Ans. Tamil Nadu

2. The most popular mode of irrigation in India.

Ans. Wells
flows on the surface is termed as.
3. When the water table of the surface run off is very high, 1he water that
Ans. Runof
4. Another term used for inundation canals.
Ans. Flood water canals
5. The states where tubewells are extensively used.
Ans. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana
6. Any wo ill effects of wvater logging due to canal irrigation.
of malaria
Ans. Development of reh that is saline soils and spread
7. The state that has the largest area under sprinkler irrigation.
Ans. Rajasthan. it is followed by Haryana.
8. States where large area is brought under drip irrigation.
Ans. Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
9. The state that has the largest area under tank irrigation.
Ans. Andhra Pradesh followed by Tamil Nadu
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Gonals 1CSE Geography (uestion Bank with MTP Jor Class 10
 10. The gOvernNent bodies which monitor the quality of waler:.
Ans. enral Pollution Conrol Boavd and State Pollution Controt poad
11. The acts passed by the gOvermment to prevent water poll1ution.
Environment Protection Act l9gs
Ans. Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act 1974, the and the Water Ca
act 1977.

12. Any vo objectives of raimvater harvesting.

Ans. (i) To meet the ever-increasing demand of water in ndla.
(ii) To help raise the groundwater level.
(iii) To store and supply water for household purposes.
collects when i1 rains.
13. Ine teTm used for the area of land where water
Ans. Aquifer
water in a particular region.
14. Ihe term used for efficient management and conservation of
Ans. Watershed Management
15. Name some traditional methods to lift water:
Ans. Persian wheel, rahat, moat, shadoff, dhekli, etc.

VI. AnalyticalQuestions
1. Indiaswater crisis is a compler issue that stems from multiple factors. Rapid urbanization. indstrializaie
and unsustainable agricultural practices contribute to increasing water demand. Climate change exacerhe:
the situation, causing erratic rainfall patterns and affecting water sources.
(a) What are the other possible reasons for scarcity of India?
Ans. Inefficient water management, inadequate infrastructure, and pollution also play a role.

(b) What step will you suggest to government of India to reduce the scarcity of water?
Ans. To make roof top rain water harvesting compulsory for newly constructed buildings.

2. Maharashtra, as per the economic survey of the state, has around 41. 80 lakh hectares of land which is rough
20 per cent of agriculture land. The problem of over-irrigation, salination, and land turning barren is comn
in the areas lving along the major rivers like Bhima, Krishna and Panchganga. Indian expre
(a) What causes salination of land?
Ans. Due to over iigation, lot of salts present in the lower part of the soil get dissolved inwater. When these slt
salts reach the surface along with water, water gets evaporated leaving behind salts making it saline:
(b) Suggest astep to reduce this salination?
Ans. We must use drip irrigation or sprinkle irrigation which make use of limited water for ITigation. We may a
lot of organic manure in this soil.
3. National song of India describes India as sujalam suphalam malayaja-sheetalam, Shasya-shvamalamn maiar
IL means provider of abundant potable drinking water and pure and natural fruits for cOnsumption bythehum
Ahunde
beings living on earth. lndia occupies 2.4o part of the world but the yorld
waler is available from mellmg SnOW Mmost of the receives 4% rainfall of
North Indian rivers even in summer:
la) there s'anN
dia is rich in various resourCes, one of the most
water? 1mportant is water: and then wh 1s
Wasted Orherreas
Ans. In India the water conservation methods are
incude increased consumpiion due to inadequate and hence 90% of
increased population, water pollutionrainwater
etc.
gets
h Wut are the suitable conditions for lank
irrigation?
Ans Undulating surface, hard impervious underground rock ete

76
Goyals CSE Geography Question Bank with
VII. Picture Based Questions
1. Identify the mode of irrigation.
Ans. Tube well irrigation.
2. In what way it is more useful than well irrigation?
Ans. (a) It occupies very little area.
(b) It is concealed and hence there is minimum evaporation of
pollution of water.
(c) It can irrigate 450 to 500 hectares of land whereas well
irrigation can irigate merely I to 2 hectares of land.
(d) It can provide water even in summer. (any two points)

1. State any two advantages of this nmode of irrigation.

Ans. (a) It is the most efficient method of irrigation.
(b) It causes no soil erosion or wastage of water.
2. Nane any twostates that lead in drip irrigation in India.
Ans. Sikkim, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra lead in
usage of drip irrigation.

VIlI. Assertion Reason Questions

There are vwo statemenis marked as Assertion (4)and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below:
A. Both A andR are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A andR are true and R is the not correct
explanation of A.
C.A is true but R is false.
D. Ais false but R is true.
1. Assertion (A): India has abundant water resources
Reason (R): India receives 14 % of rainfall of the world.
Ans. (C)
2. Assertion (A): Tank irrigation needs hard impervious underground rocks but sofi rocks too are usefiul
Reason (R): Hard rocks prevent percolation and make water available on the surface but in second case. the
percolated water raises the ground water table.
Ans. (D)
3. Assertion (A): India is making the tremendous use of drip and sprinkle irrigation.
Reason (R): These two irrigation methods prevent loss of water:
Ans. (D)
4. Assertion (4): Wells are the most important mode of irrigation in India.
Reason (R): Wells can irrigate large area.
Ans. (C)

IX. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Neeru-Meeru is a watershed management programme implemented in which of the following states?
(a) Tanmil Nadu (b) Kerala (c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Meghalaya
2. Tank irrigation is nmore popular in which of the following regions?
(a) Chhota Nagpur Plateau (b) The Malwa Plateau
(c) The Deccan Plateau (d) All of these
Goyal 's ICSE Geography Question Bank with MTP for Class 10 77
 3. This most efficient
(a) Well irrigation mode (b) Sprinkler irrigation
of irrigation is (c) Drip irrigatiom (c) Tank irrigation
4.
The largest irrigation project in India is
(a) River joining (b) Kaleshwaram lift- Irrigation project.
(c) Construction of project (d) Construction of tanks
Multipurpose project
5. Name the Watershed development project sponsored by the Central Gov and is implemented b Gram Panchava
with people s participation.
(a) Indian Water Conservation (b) Haryali
Project (d) Water Revolution
(c) Rainwater harvesting
6. Rainwater harvesting is carried-out with the aim of
(a) Meeting the increasing demand of water (b) Reducing surface runoff and increase the
(c) Improvin the quality of water (d) All of these grondwater
7. This mode of irrigation can benefit the
largest area.
(a) Well irrigation (b) Canal irrigation (c) Drip irrigation (d) Tank irrigation
8. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru termed these the temple of modern India.
(a) Watershed development (b) River joining projects
(c) Multipurpose projects
projects
(d) Rainwater harvesting projects
9. Irrigation is significant in Punjab and Haryana because
(a) These are agriculturally the most advanced states
(b) It's arequisite for Green Revolution
(c) Due to the presence of natural depressions
(d) As ahuge dam is constructed here
10. Inundation canals are mainly drawn from
(a) River Brahmaputra (b) River Sutlej
(c) River Kosi (d) River Yamuna
Johads is aRainwater harvesting technique adopted in which of the states?
(a) Rajasthan (b) Uttarakhand (c) Karnataka (d) West Bengal
12. Tank irrigation is not popular in North India because
(a) There are perennial rivers (b)
(c) The surface there is pervious and cannot collect Land is not undulating
water effectively
(d) All the above
13. What 's the primary source of water?
(a) Surface water (b) Precipitation. (c) Groundwater (d) Freshwater
14. There is great need of irrigation in India because.
(a) To increase the per hectare production
(c) To fulfil the food demand of very high (b) Water is indispensable part of green
population revolution
(d) All the above
15. There is acute scarcity of water due to
(a) increased population
(b) all year long
all of these cultivation
(c) water pollution
The traditional irrigation system in
(d)
16.
the Gangetic Plains are called
(a) Neeru Meeru (b) Kuhl or Khatri
(c) Korambu
17 Tanks of the South lndian Plateau region area are (d) Dighis or Baolis
(a) rain-fed
(c) the only means of irrigation (b) perennial in
(d) used when nature
streams beconme torrential
78 Clase 0
Goyal 's ICSE Jor
Geography Question Bank with MTP
 18 The conventional methods of irrigation are still poular in India
due lo
(a) low cost of construction. outlook
(b) modlern means are not appreciated due to orthodox
(c) farmers are used to these systems.
(d) All the ubove
19. Which of the following state has the largest area nder
(a) Uttar Pradesh irrigation?
(b) Madhva Pradesh (c) Punjab (d) Jharkhand
20. Tank irrigation is useful as
la) itsaves rainwater which otherwise would get
wasted.
(b) it raises underground water table.
(c) it is free of cost and traditional method of
irrigation.
(d) All the above.
21. The largest reserves of fresh water in liquid form are
available as
(a) Surface water: (b) Rivers and lakes. (c) Groundwater: (d) Polar water bodies.
22. Recharge pits are associated with
(a) Rooftop rain water haresting (b) Canal irrigation.
(c) Tank irrigation. (d) Tube well irrigation.
23. Traditional rainwater harvesting system of Western
Ghats is
(a) Khatri (b) Surangam (c) Zing (d) Johads
24. The traditional irrigation system in the Deccan Plateau region are called
(a) Johads (b) Kuhl or Khatri (c) Korambu (d) Kere or Bhandaras
25. An irrigation type in which water is poured on the feld through narrow channels dug between rows of crops
is termed as
(a) Spray irrigation (b) Drip irrigation (c) Sprinkler irrigation (d) Furrow irrigation
26. Watershed management is beneficial for farmers because
(a) it helps in conservation of soil and water and so increases crop production.
(b) it helps to prevent over flooding of rivers.
(c) ithelps to utilize groundwater and so increase crop production.
(d) All the above
27. Though desilting is expensive there is aneed to carry-out desiling of tanks as
(a) silting reduces the capacity of the tank to store water.
(b) sill collected from tanks is very fertile and farmers can use it.
(c) it willhelp in employment.
(d) All the above
28. The drawback of sprinkler irrigation is
(a) it is expensive. (b) it needs large area.
(c) its maintenance cost is high. (d) All of these
29. Tamil Nadu has made rainwater harvesting system compulsory as
(a) it raises the ground water level.
(b) in recent times, the exploitation of underground water resources has increased tremendously.
(c) rainwater harvesting plays important role in conservation of water.
(d) All 1he above.
30. The traditional irrigation system in the Western Himalayas are called
(a) Johads (b) Kuhl or Khatri (c) Korambu (d) None of these
ANSWERS
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b)
I1. (a) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (d)
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (d) 26. (d) 27. (d) 28. (d) 29. (d) 30. (b)

Goyals ICSE Geography Question Bank with MTP for Class l0 79