WATER TREATMENT…
• PRESENTED BY
SRIMAYEE PAMIDI 2023BARC070
SUDEEP KUMAR ERY 2023BARC064
KRISHANU SHARMA 2023BARC058
MEGHANA MANOJ 2023BARC016
THANHA KM 2023BARC080
‘’WATER TREATMENT REFERS TO THE
PROCESS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF
WATER TO MAKE IT SAFE FOR A SPECIFIC
END-USE,SUCH AS DRINKING, IRRIGATION,
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES, OR RETURNING IT
SAFELY TO THE ENVIRONMENT. IT INVOLVES
REMOVING CONTAMINANTS, CHEMICALS,
BACTERIA, VIRUSES FROM WATER’’.
THE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS: AN OVERVIEW
• INTAKE
The first step in water treatment is to collect the raw water from its
source, whether it’s a river, lake, or underground aquifer. This water
may contain various contaminants, including organic matter, suspended
solids, and microorganisms.
• PRETREATMENT
Before the water can be treated, it may go undergo pretreatment processes,
such as screening or coagulation, to remove larger particles and prepare the
water for the subsequent stages of treatment
• PRIMARY TREATMENT
Primary treatment typically involves physical processes, such as
sedimentation and filtration, to remove suspended solids and other
large contaminants from the water.
• KEY STAGES OF WATER TREATMENT
MECHANICAL TREATMENT BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT CHEMICAL TREATMENT
Mechanical treatment Biological treatment Chemical treatment involves
methods such as filtration processes utilize the addition of specific
and sedimentation, are used microorganisms to break chemicals to the water to
to remove suspended solids, down and remove organic disinfect it, adjust the pH,
turbidity, and other large matter from the water, and remove dissolved
contaminants. improving its quality and contaminants.
making it safer for
consumption or discharge.
MECHANICAL TREATMENT :
1. SEDIMENTATION
Sedimentation is a physical process that allows heavier particles in
the water to settle to the bottom of a tank or basin, where they can be
removed. This helps to reduce the turbidity and suspended solids in
water.
2. FILTRATION
Filtration is another mechanical process that involves passing the
water through a porous medium, such as sand, gravel, or membranes,
to remove suspended particles, microorganisms, and other
contaminants.
3. ADVANCED FILTRATION
More advanced filtration techniques, such as activated carbon
filtration and membrane filtration, can remove even smaller
contaminants, including dissolved organic matter, heavy metals, and
pathogens.
CHEMICAL TREATMENT :
1. DISINFECTION
Disinfection is a critical step in water treatment, as it kills or
inactivates harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and
protozoa, that can cause waterborne diseases.
2. pH ADJUSTMENT
Adjusting the pH of the water is essential to ensure that it is within the
optimal range for subsequent treatment processes and for the water’s
intended use, whether it’s for drinking, agriculture, or industrial
applications.
3. COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION
Coagulation and Flocculation are chemical processes that help to
remove dissolved and suspended contaminants by causing them to
aggregate into larger particles that can be more easily removed
through sedimentation or filtration.
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT :
1. AEROBIC TREATMENT
Aerobic treatment processes, such as activated sludge and trickling
filters, use oxygen consuming microorganisms to breakdown and
remove organic matter from the water.
2. ANAEROBIC TREATMENT
Anaerobic treatment, on the other hand, uses microorganisms that
can thrive in the absence of oxygen to breakdown organic matter,
often in the form of biogas that can be used as fuel source.
3. WETLAND TREATMENT
Constructed wetlands are a natural, low-cost, and sustainable way
to treat wastewater by using wetland plants and their associated
microorganisms to remove contaminants from the water.
ADVANCED TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
REVERSE OSMOSIS
Reverse osmosis is a highly effective water purification technique that uses a
semi-permeable membrane to remove a wide range of contaminants, including
dissolved salts, heavy metals, and organic compounds.
IONS EXCHANGE
Ion exchange is another advanced water treatment process that removes
dissolved ions, such as hardness-causing minerals, heavy metals, and nitrates,
by exchanging them with less harmful ions.
DESALINATION
Desalination is a process that removes dissolved salts and minerals from
saline water, such as seawater or brackish water, to produce freshwater for
drinking, irrigation, or industrial use.
WASTE WATER TREATMENT:
Environmental Considerations in Water Treatment…
Water treatment processes can be energy-intensive, so there is a growing focus on
Energy Efficiency developing more energy efficient technologies and optimizing existing systems.
Proper disposal of treated wastewater is crucial to prevent environmental pollution
Wastewater Disposal and ensure the protection of aquatic ecosystems.
The solid waste generated during water treatment, known as sludge, must be
Sludge Management carefully managed and disposed of or repurposed to minimize its environmental
impact.
Sustainable water management practices, such as water reuse, conservation, and the
Sustainability adoption of renewable energy sources, are becoming increasingly important in the
water treatment industry.
THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER TREATMENT
Water is the most precious resources on our planet, essential
for sustaining life, supporting ecosystem, and powering
industries. However, the world’s water supply faces significant
challenges, including pollution, scarcity, and contamination.
Effective water treatment is crucial to ensuring a safe, reliable,
and sustainable water supply for generations to come.
THANK YOU
