UNIT 1

Introduction to Basics of

• Building Management Systems (BMS)

• Integrated Building Management Systems (IBMS)

• Building Information Modeling (BIM)

• Building Automation System (BAS)

Scope and Importance of Building Management Systems

BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Building Management System (BMS) is a high technology system

installed on buildings that controls and monitors the building’s mechanical
and electrical equipment such as air handling and cooling plant systems, lighting,
power systems, fire systems, and security systems.
A BMS consists of software and hardware.
The software program, usually configured in a hierarchical manner, can be
proprietary using such protocols as C-bus, Profibus, etc. Recently however new
vendors are producing BMSs that integrate using Internet protocols and open
standards like SOAP, XML, BacNet, Lon and Modbus.
For example in an Organization BMS comprises of 'Access Control' ( which
controls the employees restricted movability in the Organization), CCTV
facilities, etc.
Functions of Building Management Systems

The three basic functions of a central, computer-controlled BMS are:

 controlling
 monitoring
 optimizing
the building’s facilities, mechanical, and electrical equipment for
comfort, safety, and efficiency.

Benefits of BMS
Building tenant/occupants
• Good control of internal comfort conditions
• Possibility of individual room control
• Increased staff productivity
• Effective monitoring and targeting of energy consumption
• Improved plant reliability and life
• Effective response to HVAC-related complaints
• Save time and money during the maintenance
Building Management System Architecture
Benefits of BMS
Building owner
• Higher rental value
• Flexibility on change of building use
• Individual tenant billing for services facilities manager
• Central or remote control and monitoring of building
• Increased level of comfort and time saving
• Remote Monitoring of the plants
(such as AHU's, Fire pumps, plumbing pumps,
Electrical supply, STP, WTP etc.)

Maintenance Companies
• Ease of information availability problem
• Computerized maintenance scheduling
• Effective use of maintenance staff
• Early detection of problems
• More satisfied occupants
 Application s p e c i f i c .
 I n t e l l i g e n t monitoring & control
system.
 Involves p a r t i c i p a t i o n from the
owner, a r c h i t e c t , consultant & the
system i n t e g r a t o r.
 Improves the q u a l i t y of environment
 Provides information a t the click of
a mouse.
 Lowers operations cost by reducing
Energy / Manpower u s e .
 Increases f l e x i b i l i t y
 Scope of Importance of BMS

• Complete On-Line Programming

• Freely programmable as per requirement

• User Friendly

• Energy & Maintenance Management Programs

• Standalone Time Scheduled Controls

• Uses simple windows based application

software to provided control solutions

for various applications

 Security
(Access control / Video / Intruder / Perimeter)

Integrated
Systems

Building Services Automation

Safety
HVAC / Lighting / Electrical
Fire detection / Gas Suppression
Water
An integrated building management system (IBMS) is a master
control system that networks all of the mechanical, electrical,
IT, and security systems of a facility, unifying them into a single
system so they can share information and work together
seamlessly. Integrating all of the components into a single
cohesive unit allows the various systems to share information
so they can work more effectively. The end result of this
interoperability is greater efficiency, lowered operating costs,
and a more secure and responsive building environment
Building Automation System
A Building Automation System (BAS) is an example of a Distributed
control system. Building automation describes the functionality
provided by the control system. The control system is a computerized,
intelligent network of electronic devices, designed to monitor and
control the mechanical and lighting systems in a building.
BAS core functionality keeps the building climate within a specified
range, provides lighting based on an occupancy schedule, and
monitors system performance and device failures and provides
email and/or text notifications to building engineering staff. The
BAS functionality reduces building energy and maintenance costs
when compared to a non-controlled building.
A building controlled by a BAS is often referred to as an intelligent
building
Building Automation System (BAS)
 LEVEL 5

Passive sensors – flame, smoke, temperature, water flow detectors

Physical condition indicator – fire door position sensor, manual call point.

Level 5 – sensor/monitor only (no control or operation)

LEVEL 4

Fire door actuator, smoke vent controls, sprinkler system valves, fan control
switches.

Level 4 – transmit a condition signal and receive an operating signal.

LEVEL 3

Floor, zone or area controller, PLC

Level 3 –receives information from level 4 & 5 and processes it.

Operates local audibles and visible alarms directly Sends alarm and condition
information to level 2 building controller and level 1 master controller

LEVEL 2

Central fire and evacuation system controls. Firefighter controls

Elevator operation and HVAC fan functioning

LEVEL 1

Central computer.
Preventive maintenance (PM)

Preventing the failure before it actually occurs.

The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of maintaining
equipment and facilities in satisfactory operating condition by providing for
systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either
before they occur or before they develop into major defects.

Maintenance performed specifically to prevent faults from occurring.

• includes tests,
• measurements,
• adjustments and parts replacement.

The primary goal of maintenance is to avoid or mitigate the

consequences of failure of equipment.
Preventing the failure before it actually occurs.
Planned Maintenance and Condition Based Maintenance

It is designed to preserve and restore equipment reliability by replacing worn

components before they actually fail.

Preventive maintenance activities include partial or complete overhauls at

specified periods, oil changes, lubrication and so on.

In addition, workers can record equipment deterioration so they know to

replace or repair worn parts before they cause system failure.

The ideal preventive maintenance program would prevent all equipment

failure before it occurs.
Predictive maintenance (PdM)

This techniques help to determine the condition of in-service horse-rod in order

to predict when maintenance should be performed.
This approach offers cost savings over routine or time-based preventive
maintenance, because tasks are performed only when warranted.

The main value of Predicted Maintenance is to allow convenient

scheduling of corrective maintenance, and to prevent unexpected equipment
failures. The key is "the right information in the right time".

By knowing which equipment needs maintenance, maintenance work can be better

planned (spare parts, people etc.) and what would have been "unplanned stops" are
transformed to shorter and fewer "planned stops", thus increasing availability of
service by equipments.
 Other advantages include increased equipment lifetime, increased safety,
negative impact on environment, and optimised handling.

Corrective maintenance is a maintenance task performed to identify,

isolate, and rectify a fault so that the failed equipment, machine, or system can
be restored to an operational condition within the tolerances or limits established
for in-service operations.
Difference Between Preventive and Predictive Maintenance
Predictive maintenance tends to include direct measurement of the item.

Examples
An individual bought a incandescent light bulb. The manufacturing
company mentioned that the life span of the bulb is 3 years. Just before
the 3 years, the individual decided to replace the bulb with a new one.
This is called preventive maintenance.

On the other hand, the individual has the opportunity to observe the bulb
operation daily. After two years, the bulb starts flickering. The individual
predicts at that time that the bulb is going to fail very soon and decides
to change it for a new one. This is called predictive maintenance.

The individual ignores the flickering bulb and only goes out to buy
another replacement light bulb when the current one fails. This is called
corrective maintenance.
A punch card can hold about 80 characters, and a box of
cards holds 2000 cards.
Capacity - 10 KB
Big data has been used in the industry to provide customer insights for
transparent and simpler products,

by analyzing and predicting customer behavior through data derived

from social media, GPS-enabled devices, and CCTV footage.

The Big Data also allows for better customer retention from insurance
companies.
• Real World Big Data Examples
• Discovering consumer shopping habits.
• Personalized marketing.
• Fuel optimization tools for the transportation industry.
• Monitoring health conditions through data from wearables.
• Live road mapping for autonomous vehicles.
• Streamlined media streaming.
• Predictive inventory ordering.
The Internet of things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—
“things” or objects—that are embedded with sensors, software, and
other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data
with other devices and systems over the Internet.
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence
in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic
their actions.

• Artificial Intelligence Examples

• Manufacturing robots.
• Self-driving cars.
• Smart assistants.
• Proactive healthcare
management.
• Disease mapping.
• Automated financial investing.
• Virtual travel booking agent.
• Social media monitoring.
Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that
provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from
experience without being explicitly programmed

• Image Recognition.
• Speech Recognition.
• Medical diagnosis. ...
• Statistical Arbitrage. ...
• Learning associations. ...
• Classification. ...
• Prediction. ...
• Extraction.
1. Virtual Personal Assistants

2. Predictions while Commuting

3. Videos Surveillance

4. Social Media Services

5. Email Spam and Malware Filtering

•Maximised Efficiency
•One of the key advantages of BIM is that construction projects run on a shorter life cycle with
greater efficiency. All aspects of the pre-construction and planning phases become easier to
manage and faster to complete.
Architects can create designs faster with BIM software and estimators can produce more
accurate estimations through BIM models.
BIM plans also allow for much better collaboration and communication between different people
involved in the project. It allows various professionals to access BIM plans whenever they need
to and it means that everyone will always work off an up to date model. This helps to reduce
errors and rework that come from using incorrect or inaccurate information.
1.2. Reduce Costs and Wastage
BIM software offers various tools for contractors and designers to improve their processes
before construction starts. This can lead to significant cost savings and waste reduction.
BIM helps contractors to make better material choices, it streamlines the construction work and
helps to minimise the human errors that may occur during construction. By improving the
planning stages, BIM can help contractors reduce the amount of wasted materials. Therefore, it
can result in reduced costs.
1.3. Improved Cost Estimates
2.Working with a detailed model enables estimators to achieve far more accurate
results. When looking at a 3D model as opposed to a 2D blueprint, you get a far
more insightful plan to work off. As a result, model-based cost estimates are more
realistic and accurate. In addition, it makes the estimating process much faster with
easier access to information and tools.
It is not just cost estimates that BIM can optimise. BIM models also make quantity takeoffs
easier by offering a more comprehensive model to work from.
1.4. Better Insight into the Project
2.BIM plans offer a more realistic 3D look into the eventual outcome of the project.
This means that you get a better visualisation of what the end result will be. This is
something that can help contractors, as well as the client, to get a better feel for the
built asset.
Not only does this help you to better understand the building, but it helps to avoid unnecessary
rework. By looking at realistic 3D plans of a project, planners can get a good sense of what will