Institute of Business Administration

Allama I.I. Kazi Campus, Jamshoro

University of Sindh

Research Thesis
On
THE IMPACT OF SMARTPHONE
ADDICTION ON JOB PERFORMANCE

Submitted by:
Musawar Shaikh
BBA P-IV
2K21/BBA/138

Supervised by:
Prof. Dr. Maria Shaikh

Academic Year 2024

1
 Institute of Business Administration
Allama I.I. Kazi Campus, Jamshoro
University of Sindh

Research Thesis Topic Approval Form

Date: [15/2/2025]
Student Information:
• Name: Musawar shaikh Student ID: 2K21/BBA/138

• Degree Program: BBA (hons) Year of Study: 2024

• Email Address: moonshaikh40@gmail.com Phone Number: 03093913770

• Supervisor Information:

• Research Supervisor's Name and Designation: Prof. Dr. Maria Shaikh

• Supervisor's Contact Information: 03313692118

Proposed Research Topic and Rationale (maximum 500 words):

Proposed Research Title:

The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Job Performance: A Study on Workplace

Productivity and Employee Efficiency

Research Description:

Smartphone addiction is a growing concern in modern workplaces, where excessive

smartphone use can lead to decreased concentration, increased workplace distractions, and
reduced job performance. While smartphones provide essential tools for communication and
efficiency, their addictive use for non-work-related activities disrupts workflow, affecting
employees' productivity and time management. This study aims to explore the correlation
between smartphone addiction and job performance, examining how digital distractions
impact workplace efficiency and proposing strategies for organizations to mitigate these
effects.

Research Objectives:

1. To analyze the relationship between smartphone addiction and job performance.

2. To identify key factors contributing to smartphone addiction among employees.
3. To assess how prolonged smartphone engagement affects job performance along with
task effectiveness at work.

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 4. To examine organizational policies that regulate smartphone usage and their
effectiveness.
5. To propose recommendations that establish proper balances between smartphone
usage and work efficiency throughout professional work areas.

Research Methodology:

The study builds its research methodology on quantitative research methodology through a
survey-based approach. Data is collected from 150 employees from multiple business fields
who will answer a standardized questionnaire that incorporates Likert-scale questions. The
research variables include:

• Independent Variable: Smartphone addiction (measured by frequency of phone

usage, social media activity, and compulsive behaviors).
• Dependent Variable: Job performance (measured by productivity levels, focus, and
task completion rates).
• Moderating Variables: Organizational policies, self-regulation strategies, and digital
wellness initiatives.

The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS software, employing descriptive statistics,
correlation analysis, and regression modeling to evaluate the impact of smartphone
addiction on job performance.

Significance of the Study:

The study maintains high importance for in the business research field, particularly in human
resource management (HRM) and workplace productivity domains. People heavily depend
on smartphones for both communication and multitasking in the modern digital age thus
requiring examination of excessive usage impacts on workplace efficiency. This research
expands knowledge in the field by studying the particular work-related issues that arise
because of smartphone addiction.

Contribution to Current Research and Business Practices:

• Bridging Research Gaps: Modern research on technology addiction has grown

extensive yet it lacks investigations that directly study smartphone addiction's work-
related impact on productivity. The research intends to provide empirical evidence
about this area which remains unsolved.
• Addressing a Business Problem: Organizations face productivity loss when
employees repeatedly get distracted by their smartphones at work. The research
findings enable businesses to build improved workplace policies that bring about
employee effectiveness through intervention methods.
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 • Practical Recommendations: The proposed solutions in the study would reduce
workplace distractions by establishing social media limitations combined with digital
detox periods supported by enhanced self-discipline to increase production
capabilities.

Business Problem or Research Gap

While smartphones enhance workplace communication and efficiency, excessive use leads to
distractions, reduced focus, and lower productivity. Many employees struggle with constant
notifications and social media engagement, impacting task completion and time management.

Research about how smartphone addiction influences job performance remains insufficient
given increased awareness about this issue. Research primarily studies technology addiction
across all domains without addressing work-related problems. Very few studies address both
industry-focused findings and proven strategies to intervene in mobile phone usage problems.

This study bridges this gap by analyzing how smartphone addiction affects productivity and
evaluating organizational policies and self-regulation strategies. The findings will help HR
professionals and business leaders develop effective policies to balance smartphone use and
workplace efficiency.

Student’s Signature: -------------------------------------

Supervisor's Signature: -------------------------------------

Approved By Institutional Research Committee:

Prof. Dr. Syed Abdul Sattar Shah Prof. Dr. Intzar Ali Lashari

Prof. Dr. Imamuddin Khoso

Director IBA, University of Sindh, Jamshoro

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 Institute of Business Administration
Allama I.I. Kazi Campus, Jamshoro
University of Sindh

Declaration Certificate

Date: February 20, 2025

I hereby declare that the research work titled: THE IMPACT OF SMARTPHONE
ADDICTION ON JOB PERFORMANCE submitted by me for the degree of BBA
at the Institute of Business Administration (IBA), University of Sindh, Jamshoro has
been carried out under the supervision of Ma’am Maria, during the academic year 2024.
I affirm that the work is original and genuine, and I have not copied or plagiarized any
part of the research from any source. All references and sources used in the preparation
of this thesis have been properly acknowledged and cited, following the prescribed
citation format.

I further declare that this research work has not been submitted, in part or in full, to any
other institution or university for any degree, diploma, or similar qualifications.

Student's Signature: -------------------------------------

(Umair Ali, 2K21/BBA/196)

Supervisor's Signature: -------------------------------------

(Dr. Vishnu Parmar, IBA University of Sindh)

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 DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to all those who have nurtured and inspired me throughout this
journey. To my parents, whose unwavering love and support have been the foundation
of my life and education, thank you for your endless encouragement and belief in me.
To my teachers, mentors, and especially my supervisor, Ma’am Maria your guidance,
wisdom, and patience have been invaluable in shaping my academic growth and this
research. I am deeply grateful for the knowledge you have imparted and the
opportunities you have provided. Finally, to all those who have offered their support,
both personally and professionally, thank you for being a part of this achievement. This
work is a testament to your collective influence, and I am eternally grateful for your
presence in my life.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First, I would like to be thankful to Almighty ALLAH, who bestowed me with the
ability to complete this study successfully at the University of Sindh. I offer my
gratitude and thanks for the cooperation and help that Prof Dr. Imamuddin Khoso
Director, IBA, University of Sindh, Jamshoro provided this great opportunity for the
thesis study. I want to express special thanks to my honorable thesis supervisor Prof:
Dr. Vishnu Parmar for his guidance and support at every stage with keen interest and
for sharing all the beneficial knowledge towards completing this thesis study, without
which it would have been impossible for me to make this challenge successful.

In the end, no words could ever adequately express our obligation to my affectionate
and adoring parents, siblings and friends would like to say thanks for their support and
encouragement to pursue this research.

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 Table of content
Thesis approval form ............................................................................................................... 9
Declaration certificate: ......................................................................................................... 10
Dedication ............................................................................................................................... 07
Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................. 08
Table of contents .................................................................................................................... 09
Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 10
Chapter 01: Introduction
1.1 Historical Background
1.2 Problem Statement..................................................................................................... 11
1.3 Research questions ..................................................................................................... 12
1.4 Research Objectives ................................................................................................... 12
1.5 Scope and Significance of study ................................................................................ 12
1.6 Structure of thesis ...................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 02: Literature review .............................................................................................. 14
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 14
2.2 Theoretical Background ........................................................................................... 14
2.3 Review of related literature...................................................................................... 15
2.4 Research Gap ............................................................................................................ 16
2.5 Research hypothesis .................................................................................................. 16
2.6 Conceptual framework ............................................................................................. 17
Chapter 03: Research Methodology ..................................................................................... 18
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 18
3.2 Research design ......................................................................................................... 18
3.3 Population and sample ............................................................................................. 19
3.4 Data collection methods............................................................................................ 19
3.5 Data analysis techniques........................................................................................... 20
3.6 Limitations of study...................................................................................................21
3.7 Ethical considerations...............................................................................................21
Chapter 04: Analysis and Discussions..................................................................................23
4.1 Reliability test...........................................................................................................23
4.2 Demographic information of respondents..............................................................23
4.3 Descriptive analysis...................................................................................................27
4.4 Correlation analysis..................................................................................................29
4.5 Regression analysis...................................................................................................30
Chapter 05: Conclusions and Recommendations...............................................................31
5.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................31
5.2 Summary of key findings..........................................................................................31
5.3 Conclusions................................................................................................................32
5.4 Recommendations.....................................................................................................32
5.5 Implications of study..................................................................................................33
5.6 Implications for future Research...............................................................................34
References...............................................................................................................................34
Appendices.............................................................................................................................35

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 ABSTRACT

Smartphone addiction has become a growing concern in modern workplaces,

impacting employees' productivity and overall job performance. This study
investigates the relationship between smartphone addiction and job performance,
exploring factors such as decreased attention span, increased workplace distractions,
and reduced efficiency. Using a quantitative research approach, data was collected
through surveys from employees across various industries. The research outcomes
indicate that smartphone usage overuse produces adverse effects on concentration
ability, work time allocation and task accomplishment achievements. Organizational
policies and self-regulation play an essential part in controlling smartphone addiction
effects according to the study findings. This study enhances workplace productivity
knowledge by suggesting organizational solutions to achieve effective smartphone
management which improves employee performance.

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 CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Historical Background

When digitalization took off, smartphones have become a part of our daily life: they
are convenient and easy to handle. Although they improve communication and
efficiency, there has been a lot of worry about improper usage and the possible negative
results this may have, especially at work. It is argued that obtaining a drop in work
efficiency and increase in distractions makes it so that addiction to a smartphone leads
to a drop in job performance.

With the emergence of mobile internet and social media platforms, the concept of
smartphone addiction became common and a constant phenomenon since one has to
be connected to check notifications. Science has shown that spending too much time
on your phone can lead to less job satisfaction, stress and work burnout, all more or
less affecting your job responsibility.

1.2 Problem Statement

With smartphones becoming more and more used in professional environment there
are concerns about its addictive nature and how it could affect employee’s job
performance. While smartphones do possess most of the tools for efficiency like email
and business applications, it’s over usage for non-work matters has caused a decline in
productivity, continuous interruptions and poor time management.

This study aims to investigate how smartphone addiction affects employees'

productivity, focus, and overall work efficiency. Understanding this relationship will
help organizations develop strategies to minimize smartphone-related distractions and
foster a more efficient work environment.

1.3 Research Questions

1. How does smartphone addiction influence job performance?

2. What are the primary factors contributing to smartphone addiction in the workplace?

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3. How do organizations manage smartphone usage to mitigate its negative impact on
job performance?

4. What strategies can be implemented to balance smartphone use and work

productivity?

5. What are the psychological and behavioral patterns associated with smartphone
addiction in employees?

1.4 Research Objectives

To examine the relationship between smartphone addiction and job performance.

To identify the key factors that contribute to smartphone addiction among employees.

To analyze workplace policies regarding smartphone usage and their effectiveness.

To evaluate the role of self-regulation and organizational measures in managing

smartphone addiction.

To provide recommendations for reducing smartphone addiction and improving job

performance.

1.5 Scope and Significance of the Study

This study focuses on employees across different industries to assess the impact of
smartphone addiction on job performance. It explores psychological, behavioral, and
organizational aspects influencing excessive smartphone use and its repercussions in a
professional setting. The research intends to offer some insights for HR practitioners,
policymakers, and organizational leadership; and to help devise the strategies to
minimize smartphone distraction and boost productivity.

The study is significant because it speaks of the rising challenge; smartphone

dependency in modern work culture. It helps provide evidence-based recommendations
to the broader field of workplace efficiency and a human resource management. This
will help organizations write guidelines for smartphones usage with a balance between
advantageous use of technology and productivity requirements.

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1.6 Structure of the Thesis

This thesis is structured as follows:

- Chapter 1: Introduction – Provides an overview of the research topic, problem

statement, research questions, objectives, significance, and thesis structure.

- Chapter 2: Literature Review – Discusses existing studies on smartphone addiction

and job performance, including theoretical frameworks and empirical findings.

- Chapter 3: Research Methodology – Describes the research design, data collection

methods, and analytical approach, including sample selection and ethical
considerations.

- Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings – Presents the research findings, statistical
analyses, and their interpretation.

- Chapter 5: Discussion and Conclusion – Summarizes the study, highlights key

insights, and provides recommendations for future research and practical applications.
Additionally, this chapter discusses limitations and implications for HR practices and
workplace policies.

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 CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of existing literature on smartphone

addiction and its impact on job performance. It examines theoretical models, and
empirical studies, and identifies key trends in workplace productivity research. The
literature review is structured around key theories, previous research findings, research
gaps, and the conceptual framework that will guide this study.

2.2 Theoretical Background

Several psychological and behavioral theories help explain the mechanisms behind
smartphone addiction and its effects on job performance:

- Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991): This theory suggests that an

individual's behavior is influenced by their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived
behavioral control. In the context of smartphone addiction, employees' habitual use of
smartphones is driven by personal attitudes (e.g., enjoyment), social influences (e.g.,
workplace norms), and perceived control over usage (e.g., ability to self-regulate).

- Uses and Gratifications Theory (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1973): This theory
helps in explaining the reason why individuals use media (smartphones included) to
meet psychological and social needs. Entertainment, relaxation and social connectivity
on smartphones can allow employees to turn from their work responsibilities.

- Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller, 1988): This theory states that cognitive capacity
is limited and excessive multitasking, for instance switching between tasks regarding
work and using smartphones, increase cognitive load and make the process not
resultive or efficient, therefore leading to less job performance.

13
- Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985): This theory states that people
tend to grow and behave based on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. If one he or she
spends too much time using the smartphone at work, the common symptom might be
the lack of intrinsic motivation to work tasks.

By examining these theoretical foundations, this study aims to understand the

behavioral and cognitive aspects of smartphone addiction and its impact on workplace
performance.

2.3 Review of Related Literature

This section discusses in detail the results from previous research on smartphone
addiction and job performance. .The literature is organized under the following themes:

2.3.1 Smartphone Addiction and Cognitive Disruptions

Research on the effects of excessive smartphone use on cognitive functions like

attention span, memory, and problem solving.

How smartphone addiction affects the cognitive functioning of someone at work.

2.3.2 Smartphone Addiction and Workplace Productivity

Research explores the extent of the effects of smartphone distraction has upon reducing
employee efficiency, overall task performance.

Case studies analyzing industries where smartphone addiction is most prevalent.

2.3.3 Psychological and Behavioral Effects of Smartphone Addiction

Studies on workplace stress, anxiety, and burnout linked to compulsive smartphone

use.

Behavioral patterns associated with smartphone overuse, such as procrastination and

multitasking inefficiencies.

14
2.3.4 Organizational Interventions and Smartphone Usage Policies

A review of existing policies on smartphone usage in the workplace.

Studies on corporate strategies used in occurrences like digital detox programs and
restricted policies.

2.4 Research Gap

At the moment, there is much research on smartphone addiction and its psychological
effects, but few of those studies specifically focus on how having a smartphone actually
affects job performance directly. Additionally, research has primarily been conducted
in developed economies, with less emphasis on emerging markets where smartphone
use is rapidly increasing.

Furthermore, most studies have focused on self-reported data, which may be subject to
bias. There is a lack of experimental or longitudinal studies that track smartphone usage
over time and its effects on productivity metrics. Additionally, limited research
explores the role of organizational interventions, policies, and self-regulation strategies
in mitigating smartphone addiction's negative consequences.

This study aims to fill these gaps by examining the direct impact of smartphone
addiction on job performance, exploring industry-specific factors, and assessing the
effectiveness of workplace interventions.

2.5 Research Hypotheses

Based on literature findings, this study proposes the following hypotheses:

H1: Smartphone addiction negatively affects job performance.

H2: Organizational smartphone policies moderate the impact of smartphone addiction

on job performance.

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H3: Self-regulation practices reduce the negative impact of smartphone addiction on
workplace productivity.

2.6 Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework provides a visual representation of the relationships

between variables in this study. It outlines how smartphone addiction influences job
performance, considering moderating and mediating factors such as workplace
policies, self-regulation, and psychological well-being.

Independent Variable: Smartphone Addiction (measured by screen time, social

media usage, compulsive behavior)

Dependent Variable: Job Performance (measured by productivity, work efficiency,

task completion, focus)

Moderating Variable: Organizational Smartphone Policies (restrictions, guidelines,

monitoring)

Mediating Variable: Psychological Factors (stress, anxiety, attention span)

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 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter outlines the research methodology used to examine the impact of
smartphone addiction on job performance. It details the research design, population
and sample size, data collection methods, and statistical techniques applied to analyze
the data. Additionally, ethical considerations and study limitations are discussed.

The structure of this chapter is as follows:

Research Design – Approach and method used for the study
Population and Sample Size – Target group and sample selection process
Data Collection Methods – Instruments and techniques for gathering data
Data Analysis Techniques – Statistical methods used for analysis
Limitations of the Study – Constraints affecting the research
Ethical Considerations – Ensuring research integrity

3.2 Research Design

This study adopts a quantitative research approach using descriptive and inferential
statistical methods.

Research Type: Cross-sectional study (data collected at a single point in time)

Method: Survey-based research using structured questionnaires
Objective: To analyze the correlation between smartphone addiction and job
performance
Variables:

• Independent Variable: Smartphone Addiction

• Dependent Variable: Job Performance

Justification of Research Design

The quantitative method allows for objective measurement of relationships between

variables. A survey-based approach is suitable because:
- It enables the collection of large-scale employee responses.
- Statistical techniques (e.g., correlation and regression) can be used to analyze

17
trends.
- It ensures data accuracy and reliability in measuring smartphone addiction’s impact.

3.3 Population and Sample Size

3.3.1 Target Population

The target population includes employees from various corporate sectors who
regularly use smartphones during work hours.

Target Group: Full-time employees in different industries

Location: Urban workplaces
Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion: Employees use smartphones daily for work and personal use
Exclusion: Individuals not working in professional environments.

3.3.2 Sample Size and Sampling Technique

A sample of 150 employees was selected using stratified random sampling to ensure
diverse representation across industries.

Sample Breakdown:
- Male Respondents: 52.67%
- Female Respondents: 47.33%
- Age Distribution: Majority between 20-39 years (75.3%)

Sampling Justification

Stratified random sampling was chosen to capture insights from different job sectors.
The sample size of 150 provides statistical significance for meaningful analysis.

3.4 Data Collection Methods

3.4.1 Primary Data Collection

Data was collected through structured questionnaires designed to measure:

Smartphone Addiction – Frequency and intensity of phone usage at work
Job Performance – Productivity, efficiency, and work-related disruptions

Instrument Used: Self-administered survey (Likert-scale questionnaire)

Survey Mode: Google Forms & Paper Surveys

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3.4.2 Questionnaire Design

The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions, divided into sections:

Demographics – Gender, age, job sector, work experience
Smartphone Addiction – Frequency of phone use, social media distractions
Job Performance – Impact of smartphone addiction on task completion

3.5 Data Analysis Techniques

The collected data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences) for descriptive and inferential statistics.

3.5.1 Descriptive Analysis

(Used to summarize data)

Mean & Standard Deviation – To measure trends in smartphone usage and job
performance
Frequency & Percentage Analysis – To describe the distribution of responses

3.5.2 Reliability Test (Cronbach’s Alpha)

(Used to check consistency of responses)

Cronbach’s Alpha ≥ 0.7 indicates reliable survey results

3.5.3 Correlation Analysis (Pearson’s r)

(Used to examine relationships between smartphone addiction and job performance)

r > 0.7 = Strong correlation
0.3 < r < 0.7 = Moderate correlation
r < 0.3 = Weak correlation

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3.5.4 Regression Analysis

(Used to predict job performance based on smartphone addiction levels)

- R² value – Measures how much job performance is influenced by smartphone use
- p-value < 0.05 – Indicates statistically significant impact

3.6 Limitations of the Study

While this study provides valuable insights, certain limitations must be

acknowledged:

1. Self-Reporting Bias – Responses may be influenced by social desirability

(employees may underreport smartphone addiction).
2. Cross-Sectional Design – The study captures data at a single point in time; a
longitudinal study would offer deeper insights.
3. Industry-Specific Limitations – Findings may not be generalizable to all job
sectors, as some roles require frequent smartphone use.

3.7 Ethical Considerations

This study adheres to strict ethical guidelines to protect participants’ rights and data
privacy.

Informed Consent: Participants were informed about the study’s purpose and
voluntarily agreed to participate.
Confidentiality: All responses were kept anonymous to ensure data privacy.
Non-Coercion: Employees were not pressured to complete the survey.
Data Security: All collected data was securely stored and used only for research
purposes.

3.8 Summary of Chapter

This chapter detailed the research design, sampling techniques, data collection
methods, and analysis procedures used in the study.

- A quantitative approach was used to analyze the relationship between

smartphone addiction and job performance.

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- 150 employees were surveyed using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire.

- SPSS was used for descriptive analysis, correlation, and regression tests.

- The study follows ethical research principles to ensure data privacy.

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 CHAPTER 04: ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

4.1 Reliability Test

Before analyzing the data, a reliability test was conducted to assess the consistency and
validity of the survey questionnaire. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to measure the
reliability of the items.

Table 1: Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha Number of Items

0.715 25

Interpretation: Since the Cronbach’s Alpha value is 0.715 (greater than 0.7), it indicates
that the questionnaire is reliable and consistent for measuring the impact of smartphone
addiction on job performance.

4.2 Demographic Information of Respondents

A total of 150 employees participated in this research. The respondents were from both
private and public organizations and belonged to various age groups and professional
sectors.

Gender of Respondent

Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Percent

Valid Female 71 47.3 47.3 47.3

Male 79 52.7 52.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

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4.2.1 Gender Distribution

The participants included 52.67% males and 47.33% females.

Figure 1: Gender of Respondents

Figure 1 shows that from the overall respondents’ rate, 52.67% were male and 47.33% were
females which indicated that male respondents were a bit more than female respondents.

4.2.2 Age Distribution

Most of the respondents were between 20-39 years old (75.3%), indicating that the
study primarily represents young professionals who use smartphones extensively.

Age of Respondents

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent

Percent

Valid under 20 3 2.0 2.0 2.0

20-39 113 75.3 75.3 77.3

40-49 15 10.0 10.0 87.3

50-above 19 12.7 12.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

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Figure 2 shows that most of the respondents of the survey conducted were aged
between 20-29 years, while the least participants were from the age group of under 20
years. The participants of the research were more from the young age group, which is
indicated by the percentage shown, 75.33% of participants were aged between 20-29
years, and the least participants demonstrated by percentage of 2% were aged under 20
years. Other participants were from different age groups, such as 12.67% of
participants were from the age group of 50 and above while 10% of participants were
aged between 40-49 years. The respondents of age group 20-29 most participated and
the respondents of age group under 20 as least participated.

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4.2.3 Length of Service

Employees with less than 3 years of experience formed the largest group (42.7%),
while 24.7% had more than 10 years of experience.

Length of service

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Valid Less than 3 years 64 42.7 42.7 42.7

3-6 years 35 23.3 23.3 66.0

7-10 years 14 9.3 9.3 75.3

More than 10 37 24.7 24.7 100.0

Years
Total 150 100.0 100.0

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 Figure 3 demonstrates the length of services that the respondents have spent on their
jobs. This table shows that the majority of respondents had the experience of less than
3 years which comprises 42.67% of the total, while the second highest responses were
obtained from the senior employees who have experience of more than 10 years on
their job which in total comprises of 24.67% of total employees. However, the least
responses i.e. 9.33% responses were from the employees having the experience of 7-
10 years on their jobs. While 23.33% of respondents had having job tenure of 3-6 years.

4.3 Descriptive Analysis

In this section, we analyze the mean (M), standard deviation (SD), and variance of the
responses collected from 150 employees regarding smartphone addiction and its impact
on job performance.

N Mean St. Error Std. Variance

Deviation

Smart phone Addiction (SA) 150 2.7044 .05639 .69061 .477

My smartphone distracts me from work. 150 1.9400 .07581 .92852 .862

I check my phone frequently during working 150 2.3533 .08521 1.04359 1.089
hours.

I feel anxious if I don’t check my phone for a 150 2.6333 .09337 1.14351 1.308
while.

I use my phone for non-work activities during 150 2.2333 .04378 .53616 .287
work.

How often do you use your smartphone during 150 2.4000 .05831 .71419 .510
work?

How frequently do you check social media 150 2.5133 .07611 .93217 .869
during work?

I respond to personal messages even during 150 2.1533 .07611 .93217 .869
important work tasks.

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Work Performance (WP) 150 1.9300 .03127 .38293 .147

My work productivity decreases due to 150 1.3867 .04516 .55305 .306

smartphone use.

Smartphone addiction affects my ability to 150 2.0867 .07262 .88944 .791

complete tasks on time.

I find it difficult to focus on work due to 150 2.0200 .06449 .78978 .624
phone use.

I have missed deadlines due to excessive 150 2.2867 .07225 .88490 .783
phone usage.

Checking my phone too often reduces my 150 1.9200 .06241 .76430 .584
efficiency at work.

I perform better when I limit my phone usage. 150 1.8800 .06269 .76781 .590

I would like to reduce my smartphone use to 150 2.150 0.036 0.446 0.200
improve productivity.

Interpretation:

• The mean score of smartphone addiction is 2.704, indicating that many

employees frequently use smartphones excessively at work.

• The job performance mean score is 2.150, suggesting a moderate negative

impact on work efficiency.

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4.4 Correlation Analysis

A Pearson Correlation Analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between

smartphone addiction and job performance.

Table 4: Correlation Matrix

Variable Job Performance Smartphone

(JP) Addiction (SA)

Job Performance 1.000 -0.393

(JP)

Smartphone -0.393 1.000

Addiction (SA)

Interpretation:

• There is a negative correlation (-0.393) between smartphone addiction and job

performance.

• This suggests that higher smartphone addiction is linked to lower job

performance.

• The correlation is moderate but statistically significant (p < 0.01).

4.5 Regression Analysis

A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine how much

smartphone addiction affects job performance.

Table 5: Regression Summary

Model R R Adjusted Standard

Square R Error
Square

1 0.503 0.253 0.243 0.388

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Interpretation:

• The R-value (0.503) suggests a moderate negative relationship.

• The R-Square value (0.253) means smartphone addiction explains 25.3% of

job performance changes.

• The remaining 74.7% is influenced by other factors, such as work

environment, motivation, and management style

29
 CHAPTER 05: CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the key findings derived from the analysis of smartphone
addiction and its impact on job performance. It provides a summary of the study's
conclusions and offers practical recommendations for employees, organizations, and
policymakers. Additionally, the chapter discusses the theoretical and practical
implications of the research and suggests areas for future study.

5.2 Summary of Key Findings

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and job
performance among employees across different industries. The following key findings
were observed:

1. High Smartphone Usage During Work Hours: A significant proportion of

employees frequently use their smartphones during working hours, with many
engaging in non-work-related activities such as social media, entertainment,
and personal communication.

2. Negative Impact on Productivity: Employees who reported higher levels of

smartphone addiction exhibited decreased efficiency, frequent distractions, and
difficulty meeting deadlines.

3. Workplace Disruptions: Frequent smartphone use led to interruptions in

workflow, reducing concentration and increasing task completion time.

4. Psychological and Behavioral Effects: Many employees experienced anxiety

and restlessness when unable to access their smartphones, indicating symptoms
of smartphone addiction.

5. Work-Life Balance Issues: Excessive smartphone usage not only affected

workplace performance but also contributed to work-life imbalance, as
employees continued using smartphones beyond office hours.

6. Effectiveness of Control Strategies: Organizational policies and self-

discipline measures, such as setting screen-time limits and restricting non-
work-related smartphone use, were found to improve job performance.

30
5.3 Conclusions

Based on the findings, the study concludes that smartphone addiction negatively affects
job performance by reducing productivity, causing distractions, and worsening work
life imbalance. Smartphones are indeed important and very necessary for work related
activities but they consume an overabundance of time making employees distracted,
making them waste time, and stressing.

The study also brings forth the pressing need on which organizations need to introduce
policies meant to regulate the use of smartphones in the workplaces. And employees
have to use self-regulation techniques to attenuate distractions and increase their work
effectiveness.

5.4 Recommendations

5.4.1 Recommendations for Organizations

1. Implement Smartphone Usage Policies: Organizations should sets up smart

phone usage rules throughout working days, keeping work-related activities
only.

2. Encourage Digital Detox Programs: Workshops should be held to educate

the employees about responsible smartphone use and techniques to unplug from
smartphones need to be introduced regularly in the organization.

3. Restrict Social Media Access in Workplaces: Businesses can deploy software

that can restrict access to social media as well as entertainment applications to
the devices of company workers.

4. Promote Work-Focused Environments: Companies need to develop offices

that are conducive for work, so that they can avoid work related distractions
due to smartphones.

5. Encourage Breaks Without Smartphones: Instead of using smartphones

during breaks, employees should be encouraged to engage in physical or social
activities that would reduce dependence on smartphones.

31
5.4.2 Recommendations for Employees

1. Set Screen Time Limits: By utilizing smartphone tracking apps, employees

will know what their shopping screen time is, how long they have spent on it,
or how much time they spend on it they can limit themselves.

2. Use Smartphones for Work-Related Tasks Only: Encourage employees to

consciously and properly use smartphones only for the work assigned.

3. Develop Time Management Skills: Employees may apply Productivity

techniques like the Pomodoro technique to divide the work and specified
break times, which means reduction in the unrequired usage of phone.

4. Turn Off Non-Essential Notifications: Silence or turn off non-essential

notifications during working hours also helps in reducing the distractions.

5. Create a Smartphone-Free Work Routine: Keeping the smartphones out of

reach can positively contribute to focus and productivity throughout the
workday by arrangement of specific hours to put smartphones down.

5.4.3 Recommendations for Policymakers

1. Develop Workplace Technology Usage Regulations: Governments and labor

organizations need to create Workplace Technology Usage Regulations that
will regulate excessive smart phone usage in professional environment.

2. Promote Workplace Mental Health Programs: Policies should encourage

companies to add digital wellbeing as part of their mental health in the
employee wellness program.

3. Support Research on Digital Addiction: To build a case in favor of digital

addiction, it should be funded and supported along with research on digital
addiction's workplace productivity to develop effective intervention strategies.

5.5 Implications of the Study

5.5.1 Practical Implications

For business leaders, HR managers and policymakers, this study offers valuable
information on managing the addiction to smartphones at workplace. The companies
can improve overall employee productivity and hence efficiency, if they can implement
strategic smartphone policies and digital wellness programs.

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5.5.2 Theoretical Implications

The research contributes to the academic literature on digital addiction, workplace

productivity, and behavioral psychology. It supports existing theories on distraction
management and digital dependency while also highlighting gaps that future studies
can address.

5.6 Implications for Future Research

Although this study provides critical insights, further research is needed in the
following areas:

1. Longitudinal Studies on Smartphone Addiction: Future studies should track

employees over time to assess long-term effects on job performance.

2. Industry-Specific Impact: Research should focus on how smartphone

addiction affects different industries uniquely, such as healthcare, education, or
manufacturing.

3. Intervention Effectiveness: More research is needed to evaluate the success

of different strategies used by companies to mitigate smartphone addiction.

4. Psychological and Social Effects: Studies should explore the deeper

psychological and social consequences of smartphone addiction beyond just
workplace productivity.

References:

- Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and

Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.

- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in

human behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.

- Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research.
Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509-523.

- Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem-solving: Effects on learning.

Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257-285.

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 APPENDIX

QUESTIONNAIRE
SECTION 1: DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

1) Gender
a) Male
b) Female
c) Other

2) Age Group:
a) Under 20
b) 20 – 29
c) 30 – 39
d) 40 – 49
e) 50 and above

3) Employment Status:
a) Full-time
b) Part-time
c) Freelancer
d) Unemployed

4) Industry/Work Sector:
a) Corporate
b) Education
c) Healthcare
d) IT/Technology
e) Finance

5) How many hours do you work per day?

a) Less than 5 hours
b) 5 – 8 hours
c) 9 – 12 hours
d) More than 12 hours

34
SECTION 2: SMARTPHONE USAGE PATTERNS

6) How often do you use a smartphone during working hours?

a) Always
b) Frequently
c) Occasionally
d) Rarely
e) Never

7) What is your primary reason for using a smartphone at work?

a) Work-related tasks (Emails, meetings, research, etc.)
b) Social media (Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, etc.)
c) Personal communication (Calls, texting, WhatsApp, etc.)
d) Entertainment (Games, YouTube, streaming, etc.)
e) Others (Please specify): __________

8) How many hours per day do you spend on your smartphone (including work and non-
work activities)?
a) Less than 2 hours
b) 2 – 4 hours
c) 5 – 7 hours
d) More than 7 hours

9) Do you check your phone for non-work activities (e.g., social media, entertainment)
during working hours?
a) Very Frequently
b) Frequently
c) Occasionally
d) Rarely
e) Never

10) Do you feel the urge to check your phone even when you are working on an important
task?
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree

35
 c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly Disagree
SECTION 3: SMARTPHONE ADDICTION BEHAVIOR

11) Do you feel anxious or restless if you are unable to use your smartphone for a certain
period?
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly Disagree

12) Have you ever delayed work assignments due to excessive smartphone use?
a) Yes, very often
b) Sometimes
c) Rarely
d) Never

13) How often do you find yourself using a smartphone unconsciously during work hours?
a) Always
b) Frequently
c) Occasionally
d) Rarely
e) Never

14) Do you check your smartphone immediately after receiving a notification, regardless of
the importance of your work?
a) Always
b) Frequently
c) Occasionally
d) Rarely

15) Do you believe that excessive smartphone usage has negatively affected your
concentration at work?
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree

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 c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly Disagree

SECTION 4: IMPACT OF SMARTPHONE ADDICTION ON JOB PERFORMANCE

16) How do you think smartphone addiction affects your productivity?

a) Increases productivity
b) Has no effect on productivity
c) Slightly decreases productivity
d) Significantly decreases productivity

17) Have you ever missed a deadline because of excessive smartphone use?
a) Yes, frequently
b) Sometimes
c) Rarely
d) Never

18) Do you feel less efficient at work when you spend too much time on your smartphone?
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly Disagree

19) Does excessive smartphone use affect your ability to complete daily tasks efficiently?
a) Always
b) Frequently
c) Occasionally
d) Rarely
e) Never

20) Do you believe that smartphone addiction negatively impacts work-life balance?
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral

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 d) Disagree
e) Strongly Disagree

SECTION 5: STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE SMARTPHONE USAGE AT WORK

21) Do you think setting smartphone usage policies in the workplace would improve
employee productivity?
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Neutral
d) Disagree
e) Strongly Disagree

22) What strategies do you think organizations should implement to reduce smartphone
addiction at work? (You can select multiple options)
a) Restricting social media access at work
b) Implementing digital detox programs
c) Encouraging employees to take breaks without phone usage
d) Providing awareness and training on managing smartphone addiction
e) Allowing only work-related smartphone use during office hours

23) Would you be willing to participate in a smartphone usage control program at work to
improve productivity?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe

24) What personal strategies do you use to control your smartphone usage during work?
a) Keeping my phone on silent or in another room
b) Using apps to limit screen time
c) Setting specific phone-checking times
d) Practicing self-discipline
e) I do not actively control my smartphone usage

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25) In your opinion, how serious is the issue of smartphone addiction in the workplace?
a) Very serious
b) Moderately serious
c) Slightly serious
d) Not a serious issue

39