PRONOUNS and CONJUNCTIONS

I. I – me – my – mine - myself
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/pronounsum.html
http://www.wordpower.ws/grammar/gramch18.html
http://www.testyourenglish.net/english-online/subjects/refpron.html

Personal Personal Possessive Absolute Reflexive

objective
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves

Personal / Possessive

 We normally use possessives with parts of the body and clothes.

Lucy twisted her ankle. He put on his jacket and his hat and left.

 We use the instead of possessives with parts of the body after prepositions.
Verbs in this pattern include: bite, hit, kiss, pat, punch, slap, sting, touch etc.
She slapped the boy on the face. (not on his face)
He’s got a pain in the chest.

 After as and than object pronoun is more common in informal and subject
pronoun is used in formal English.
(fml.) The ski instructor didn’t ski any better than I.
(infml.) The ski instructor didn’t ski any better than me.
If there’s an auxiliary or a modal verb, we use subject pronoun.
The ski instructor didn’t ski as well as I did / could etc.

In short responses we use the object pronoun. Who’s there? – It’s me / us.

 When we have a noun and a pronoun, or two pronouns together, we tend to

put the speaker last (possibly out of politeness).
You and I (John and I) are both invited to the party.
However, if we have a noun and a pronoun where the pronoun doesn’t refer to
the speaker, we usually put the pronoun first.
1
 Don’t you think we should let him and his wife decide?

 In some exclamations we modify object pronouns, usually with adjectives.

Silly me! Lucky him!

Exercise 1. Fill in each blank with the absolute pronoun which agrees with the
underlined personal pronoun.

If he cannot find his notes, I will lend him ___. –

If he cannot find his notes, I will lend him mine.

1. Your coat may be warm, but I think ___ is more elegant.

2. As I have left my gloves at home, my niece offered me ___.
3. I have forgotten to bring my camera. Have you brought ___.
4. When I lost my umbrella, your son lent me ___.
5. They discarded their old telephone directories, but we kept ___.
6. We have not planted our peas yet, but the farmers have planted ___ already.
7. I never cut my hair, but my sister cuts ___ once a month.
8. The neighbors' children are very independent, but we have to help ___.
9. We store our bicycles in the shed, but they leave ___ outside.
10. I water my plants every day, but you never water ___.

Exercise 2. Fill in a possessive or the.

a)
1. We always wash … hands before eating anything.
2. Wipe … feet before you come in.
3. She looked him in … and told him the truth.
4. He lost … jacket at the party.
5. I trapped … finger in the door.
6. Julia says that Mike pulled … hair.
7. He hit … knee on the table.
8. She felt something tap her on … shoulder.
9. The branch snapped back and hit him in … face.
10. I like … shoes; I wonder where she bought them.
b)
1. He was crying because the wasp had stung him on … nose.
2. She patted him lightly on … shoulder to get … attention.
3. He hugged … son and said, “I’m proud of you.”
4. The little boy kissed … sister on … cheek.
5. The boxer punched his opponent on … nose.
6. She stroked … hair and told him not to worry.
7. A falling brick nearly hit me on … head.

Exercise 3. Choose the correct option.

1. Jack was more certain about the matter than (she / her).
2
2.The dog given to Paula and (he / him) has given them much pleasure.
3. The outcome of the election surprised me more than (he / him).
4. I couldn't tell whether it was George or (he / him) at the door.
5. There is very little feeling between Mary and (I / me).
6. (She and John / John and she) were invited to attend the inaugural address.
7. His attitude upset both Jim and (she / her).

Reflexive

 Used with verbs like behave, burn, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, kill, look at,
teach etc., or with prepositions when the subject and the object of the verb are
the same person.
Sara has taught herself how to play the guitar. You look pleased with
yourself.

 Do not use reflexive pronouns after prepositions of place.

She looked behind her because she heard footsteps.
But Politicians have to believe in themselves if they want to succeed. (in is a
dependent preposition, not a preposition of place).

 Some verbs are used with reflexive pronouns in English (and not in other
languages) as set phrases whereas others aren’t.
Behave / enjoy / help oneself, but feel / wash / dress oneself (exception: dry
oneself).

 We can use reflexive pronouns at the beginning or the end of a sentence and
separated by a comma to mean “as far as I’m concerned”.
Myself, I don’t like the new fashion for flared trousers.

Exercise 4. Fill in the blank with the reflexive pronoun.

I found _____ in a difficult situation. –

I found myself in a difficult situation.

1. He should take better care of ___.

2. You may help ___.
3. I saw it ___.
4. She likes to involve ___ in community affairs.
5. We could see ___ reflected in the mirror.
6. The bird perched ___ on the window sill.
7. The students found the solution ___.
8. You must decide ___ what to do.
9. The teenagers amused ___ by telephoning their friends.
10. We ___ were surprised at the news.
11. He likes to hear ___ talk.

3
12. She prides ___ on her ability to speak French.
13. I told ___ not to lose hope.

Exercise 5. Choose the correct variant.

1. Nick apologized for ___ being late, but by that time I was really annoyed with ___.
A. himself / his B. his / him C. him / himself D. himself / he
2. I don't want to go out to dinner with ___ - all they ever do is talk shop.
A. his lawyer friends and he B. him and his lawyer friends
3. Samuel offered his help, but the two girls insisted that they could do it ___.
A. theirself B. theirselves C. themself D. themselves
4. See those students over there? ___will join you for a game if you want to share
your basketball.
A. They and I B. I and them C. They and me D. Me and them
5. In thinking and worrying about what has happened in the past and anxiously
planning the future, we can shut ___ off from any positive feelings for what lies
ahead.
A. us B. ourselves
6. You may feel that uniform limits personal freedom to express ___ through the
image you personally present to others. Nevertheless, many schools have a choice
of uniforms, so teenagers can still express ___ in a small way.
A. Yourselves / themselves B. Yourself / themself
C. Yourself / themselves D. Yourselves / themself
7. I had to shush the two boys sitting behind me. ___ constant whispering was
distracting me as I was trying to concentrate on the topic.
A. They B. Them C. Their
8. There are two ways to create colours in a photograph. One method, called
additives, starts with three basic colors and adds ___ together to produce some
other color.
A. their B. themselves C. them

II. WHO, WHOSE, WHOM, WHICH, THAT

http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/who_whom.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv313.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv286.shtml
http://www.wordpower.ws/grammar/gramch19.html

 Whom and which (not that or who) can be used in expressions of quantity with
of: some of which, many of whom.
 That can never be used after commas or prepositions:
The person for whom (for that / for who) you are waiting …
The person who you are waiting for …
The house in that I live (in which I live) …

4
  Whose can only be used before a noun with both people and things, but of
which is more common with things: The house, the gardens of which sloped
down to the beach, was enormous.

Exercise 6. Fill in the blank with who, whom or whose. Use the he / him
method to decide which word is correct: he = who; him = whom.

*Mind! The form "whom" is becoming less and less common in spoken English.
This trend is particularly common in the United States. Especially when combined
with prepositions, most people prefer to use "who" as the object pronoun.

1. My best friend, ___ I see every day, always has something new to tell me.
2. Most students ___ live in residence find it easy to make friends.
3. Our neighbors, to ___ we lent our lawnmower, are conscientious and considerate.
4. The volunteers, ___ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
5. The musicians ___ we heard yesterday have played together for many years.
6. Parents ___ children do well in school usually consider themselves fortunate.
7. Children ___ like music are often good at mathematics.
8. The student to ___ the prize was awarded had an impressive record.
9. My friend, ___ I visited last week, is taking a holiday soon.
10. The class treasurer, to ___ we gave the money, announced the balance of the
account.

Exercise 7. Complete the sentence with 2 to 5 words, including the word in

bold.
1. This is Mark. His sister is a famous author. whose
This is Mark ________________________________ famous author.
2. This is the motorbike. I repaired it myself. that
This is the motorbike ________________________myself.
3. I’m afraid of water. That’s why I never swim in the sea. which
I’m afraid of water ______________ swim in the sea.
4. You were talking to a girl. She is my niece. whom
The girl _______________________ is my niece.
5. The bride looked stunning. Her dress was designed by Valentino. whose
The bride __________________________ by Valentino looked stunning.
6. I met people. Some of them were really nice. of
I met people ______________________ really nice.
7. This is their castle. They have lived there all their life. which
This is the castle _____________________ lived all their life in.

Exercise 8 Translate into English.

1. Кого ти плануєш рекомендувати на цю посаду?

2. Хто написав цей роман?
3. Чий комп’ютер стоїть на кріслі?
4. У нас два зайвих квитка. Хто хоче піти з нами?
5
5. Жінка, якій ми написали листа, була дуже задоволена.
6. Поліція запросила експерта, щоб з’ясувати чий це почерк.
7. У кімнату зайшов Пітер, якого ми не бачили вже декілька тижнів.
8. Чия машина припаркована на переході? ЇЇ забере евакуатор.

III. SO – SUCH
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv42.shtml
http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/sosuch.html

 Such + a + (adjective) + countable singular noun: such a (crazy) mess

 Such + (adjective) + uncountable / plural noun: such (beautiful) flowers
 So + adjective + noun / adverb: He is so fast! He drives so slowely.
 So much / many / few / little;
 Such a lot of

Exercise 9. Paraphrase the following sentences. Make the necessary changes.

Give two variants whenever possible.
The exercise was very difficult. – It was such a difficult exercise!

1. It was such a stony beach!

The beach was ______!
2. The weather yesterday was so hot!
It was ______________!
3. It was such a long queue!
There were ________!
4. The bus was so crowded that I couldn't get on.
There were __________.
5. You have a lot of freedom, studying in this country.
Have you ever had ________ before?
6. The internet is very quick.
The internet is ___.
7. This system is so good that several computers can access information very
quickly at the same time.
This is ___.
8. The fire in the chemical factory was so intense that it was still smouldering a week
later.
It was ___.
9. It was such an interesting conversation that we didn’t want to part.
The conversation ___.
10. The dress was such a lovely colour, a deep blue that really suited her.
The colour ________.
11. She's so impulsive - she saw the house for the first time and said she'd buy it
straight away.
6
She is ________.
12. This issue is so important that the two parties are going to find a middle ground.
This is ___.

Exercise 10. Insert so or such.

1. The new product was ___ a success that we started to manufacture more.
2. The boys were ___ noisy we had to shut the door.
3. I'm ___ happy you asked!
4. It was ___ a rainy day, I took an umbrella.
5. The weather was ___ wonderful that I took the day off work.
6. I'm ___ excited that you are getting married!
7. It was ___ a stupid question he refused to answer.
8. She sang ___ soothing lullabies that the baby was soon asleep.
9. He owned ___ many books that his walls were lined with bookcases.
10. The boys were ___ excited that they couldn’t sit still.
11. He has ___ varied interests, one never knows what he will do next.
12. They have ___ few enemies, they are accepted wherever they go.
13. The snow was ___ deep that we could hardly walk across the field.
14. Yesterday I walked ___ far that I fell asleep immediately after supper.
15. I had ___ a good time at the party, I did not want to leave.

Exercise 11. Insert so or such and an article where necessary.

1. The ending of the film The Mission was ___ sad I couldn't help crying.
2. I really want you to meet Andy. He's ___ funny guy.
3. The sun was out and the birds were singing. It was ___ beautiful day in May.
4. The La Latina part of Madrid is ___ exciting. You have to go there.
5. They make ___ good goats' cheese in Castilla La Mancha.
6. There were ___ many people at the concert that we couldn't get seats.
7. The summer of 2003 in Spain was ___ hot. I mean really terrible.
8. My internet connection is ___ slow it's unbearable.
9. It was ___ relief to finally finish all my exams.
10. Thailand is ___ beautiful country.
11. Petrol and car insurance are ___ expensive that you are better off using public
transport.
12. Moving my website to another server was ___ pain.
13. I met ___ many nice people in Had Yai in southern Thailand.
14. You don't want me to believe ___ crazy story, do you?
15. It was ___ lovely weather that we decided to have a picnic.

VI. SOME, ANY, NO

http://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/jocelyn/level-b/determiners-some-any-/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv303.shtml
7
http://theenglishspace.com/grammar/determiners/some-any.html
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/some-any

 Some (and its compounds) can be used in questions when we want to make
an offer, a request or when we expect a positive answer: Do you want
something to drink? (offer). Is there someone waiting for me? (I expect there
is). Is there anyone waiting for me? (I’m asking in general).
 Any (and its compounds) can be used in positive sentences meaning “it
doesn’t matter how/what/which, etc.): You can go anywhere you want.
 We prefer to use any in conditionals: If any news comes in, let me know.

Exercise 12. Fill in the correct word.

1. If he buys ___ flowers for me I’ll be surprised.
2. He usually comes without ___ flowers.
3. Linda has never been ___ abroad.
4. There was hardly ___ at the club last Saturday.
5. I must ask you ___.
6. Sally works ___ in town.
7. Tony can spend all day in a shopping centre without spending ___ money.
8. Jamie never does ___ in the household.
9. Harry has been learning French for ___ years, and he speaks the language
without ___ problems.
10. She did her homework without ___ help.

Exercise 13. Fill in the blanks with some, any, somewhere, anywhere,
everywhere, someone, anyone, something, anything, nothing.

1. I can’t find my mobile phone ___.

2. The glass is empty. ___ drank my orange juice.
3. Do you know ___ who has got red hair?
4. ___ is wrong with my mobile because I can’t hear you.
5. The music is too loud. I can’t hear ___.
6. I didn’t do ___ wrong.
7. Pat and Tim are in the middle of the desert and they have ___ to hide.
8. A pencil is ___ in that drawer.
9. We don’t know where our favourite book is. We’ve searched ___.
10. Kate was born ___ in Africa.
11. We wanted a self-catering holiday but there was ___ available here at that time.
12. Excuse me. I left my umbrella ___ on the train last night.
13. I'm going to enjoy this party. I don't know ___ at all, but I'm going to have fun.
14. Go and ask him for ___ more paper I have ___ to write on.
15. Bob, ___ is here to see you.

Exercise 14. Choose the correct variant.

8
1. ___ letters arriving while I am away should be sent to my address in Florida.
A some B any C a D anyone
2. There must be ___ solution to the problem, isn't there?
A any B some C someone D anyone
3. Can I help you? No. Thanks. I am afraid ___ can help me now.
A any B nobody C anybody D some
4. I didn't see Max at the gym. In fact, I didn't see ___. The place was empty.
A nobody B nothing C somebody D anybody
5. I don't mind which day you come. ___ day will do.
A any B some C something D anything
6. ___ has any right to interfere in this matter.
A Anybody B Nobody C Somebody D Everybody
7. You have ___ fine flowers in your garden. When did you plant them?
A any B some C something D every
8. There was hardly ___ to occupy him at that moment.
A nothing B nobody C anything D something
9. Peter didn’t think there’s ___ wrong with the way he behaved.
A nothing B anything C anybody D something
10. ___ knows his name. He's a complete mystery.
A Nobody B Somebody C Anybody D Everybody

Exercise 15. Translate into English.

1. Було очевидно, що нічого не трапилося надзвичайного. Просто вона все

вигадала.
2. Вони не мали де зупинитися на ніч.
3. Йдемо кудись щось з’їмо. Десь тут неподалік повинен бути новий ресторан.
4. У нього майже ніколи немає бажання йти до неї в гості.
5. Є вже якісь листи? Вони повинні бути, я знаю!
6. Я вже все обшукав і нічого не знайшов.
7. Та не переживай ти так. Будь-хто зможе тобі знайти дорогу туди. Це місце всі
знають.
8. Якщо ти знайдеш час завтра, то зайди до мене, будь ласка.
10. Я знаю, що мої ключі десь тут у кімнаті. Ти їх ніде не бачив?

V. IT – THERE
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/pronouns/it-and-there

 There + be is used to introduce new information and it functions as a

grammatical subject followed by a real subject – noun or pronoun (someone,
anyone, etc.). Sometimes the real subject can be placed further in the

9
 sentence after a link verb or adjective + infinitive: There are sure to be
casualties (real subject). There seems to be a problem (real subject).
 It is used to refer back to a noun or noun phrase: Next year’s sales plan is now
available; it contains a few changes.
 It is also used as a grammatical subject followed by an adjective or a verb: It’s
very dark in here.
 It is often followed by infinitive, -ing clause or that clause: It’s fun working with
you. It turned out that he was lying.

Exercise 16. Read the sentences and comment on the difference.

1. There is a car near your gates. – It’s my car.

2. There isn’t any truth in his words. – It’s true.
3. There aren’t any classes today. – It’s a day off.
4. There is a garden around his house. – It’s so nice!
5. There is a strong wind outside. – It’s cold and windy.
6. There is a boy over there. – It’s Peter.
7. There is a table in the middle of the room. – It’s round.

Exercise 17. Complete the sentences using there or it and the verb to be.

1. ___ many Japanese students in our class.

2. ___ a long way from UVic to downtown.
3. ___ cold today.
4. ___ a beautiful flower in the garden.
5. ___ not far from here.
6. ___ many people in your family?
7. ___ a test last week?
8. ___ a car outside. ___ red.
9. ___ nice at yesterday’s party?
10. ___ expensive to shop at the Bay.
11. ___ a storm coming.
12. ___ cloudy today.
13. ___ not true to say that she is a close friend of mine.
14. ___ definitely true.
15. ___ no cellar in their house.

VI. ANOTHER, OTHER, OTHERS, the OTHERS

http://www.wordpower.ws/grammar/gramch20.html#6
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/art-1.html
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/each-other-or-one-another.aspx

10
  Another can be used with few or numbers + plural noun: I need another few
minutes. You owe me another ten dollars. In other cases we use another
before a singular uncountable noun.
 Every other means “alternate”: I go jogging every other day.

Exercise 18. Complete each of the following sentences by filling in the blank
with another, other, others or else, every other as appropriate. Add an article if
necessary.

1. I want to borrow ___ book from the library.

2. Three people moved out, and two ___ moved in.
3. Who ___ knows the secret?
4. There are several ___ possibilities.
5. Where ___ should I look?
6. Some students enjoyed the film, but ___ did not.
7. He lives on ___ side of the lake.
8. I have ___ idea.
9. ___ people soon followed her example.
10. Do you know anyone ___ here?
11. We are going to move to ___ city.
12. Some birds feed on insects, while ___ eat berries.
13. Somebody ___ should have a turn now.
14. Few ___ people attended the ceremony.
15. You may borrow this eraser. I have several ___.
16. In ___ four years Tom will have qualified as a doctor.
17. Those folders belong to me, ___ belong to Jim.
18. No, we aren’t close to our destination yet, we have ___ ten miles to go.
19. She’s very keen on playing the piano – she has lessons ____ day and she
practices at home.

Exercise 19. Choose the appropriate variant.

1. Smart machines and ___ appliances are operated via the Internet.
A another B other C the others D others
2. I had already lived in France for a year, so I had a big advantage over ___
students of my group.
A the other B others C another D the others
3. This is just his __ shameless attempt to gain power at any cost.
A another B the other C others D the others
4. The British have a head start on many ___ countries in areas such as genetic
engineering.
A the other B the others C other D another
5. He tried to find out as much as he could about the company, believing that it
11
would give him the edge over ___ interviewees.
A anothers B another C the others D the other
6. Martina's got ___ things to think about besides work.
A another B one another C the others D other
7. I know that they influence ___ to behave in a bad or immoral way.
A the other B others C the another D anothers
8. The fact that Liverpool had only ten men playing for them gave ___ team an
advantage.
A other B anothers C the other D the others
9. Some of the officers are more zealous than ___ in enforcing the disciplinary code.
A another B the other C others D anothers
10. Riots, sparked off by the arrest of seven student leaders, have spread to ___
universities.
A other B anothers C the other D another

VII. EACH – EVERY

http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit56_grammar.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv110.shtml

 In some context both are possible: Each / Every person in the group was fit
and healthy.
 Each – when we are thinking about separate individuals, every – a group as a
whole: Each person chose a different route to the beach. Every (meaning all)
route was the same length.
 Each is used to talk about two or more things, every - for more than two: Two
routes, each one avoiding steep hills, looked attractive.
 Every is used a) after a possessive: I listened to his every word; b) with
abstract nouns to emphasize that something is correct or necessary: You had
every right to say that. I had every reason to be fed up. c) with plural nouns
with phrases of frequency: every few weeks; d) with adverbs like almost,
nearly, practically, just about: Practically every route was over two miles.
 Each can be used as a pronoun (every is a determiner – followed by a noun):
Each of them took far longer. They each took a map. There were six people
and each was determined to win the race.

Exercise 20. Analyse the examples and translate the sentences.

1. We gave each child who came to the party a present. We handed them out one
by one.
2. We gave every child who came to the party a present. We gave them all a
present.
3. The frost killed practically every plant in the garden.
4. She had clearly been in a fight. She had bruises on each leg and cuts on each
arm.

12
5. You suggested I should read Pinter's plays. Well, I'm going to study each one
carefully.
6. Every third-year student will be examined orally in June. They will each be given
a fifteen-minute interview.
7. Practically every person in the room had dated Samantha at some time or
another.
8. It's such a pain in the neck to have to drive downtown every day.
9. He was holding a revolver in each hand.

Exercise 21. Fill in with each or every.

1. I go to work ___ Saturday.

2. ___ person is an individual, different from the others.
3. He said ___ word slowly and distinctly.
4. I understood ___ word he said.
5. ___ street in the town has its own special character.
6. ___ house in the street looks the same.
7. She spoke to ___ of us in turn.
8. She held an apple in ___ hand.
9. ___ player gets four cards.
10. We play tennis ___ Friday.

Exercise 22. Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.
1. He’s late _____ every time we go out.
2. I don’t go out ___ evening/ Every ___ other evening perhaps.
3. He bought a present for ___ of the children.
4. He bought an enormous cake and ate ___ last crumb.
5. In fact, he had three different kinds of cake, two of ___.
6. He gave us ___ one slice and kept the rest for himself.
7. He had ___ intention of going to the party, but in the end just fell asleep.
8. ___ of these containers has something, but not ___ one has something valuable
in it.
9. Nearly ___ time I see her, she’s wearing that blue and yellow floral dress.
10. You have ___ right to be dissatisfied with ___ member of your team.

VIII. EITHER – NEITHER – BOTH

http://grammar-quizzes.com/conj-paired.html
http://www.testyourenglish.net/english-online/subjects/correlativec.html
http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/distributives3.php

 All and both: both can be used on its own: Both taste the same to me. But:
Give me everything or all you’ve got (not just all).

13
  With singular countable nouns, esp. with places, we use the whole: The whole
town. Also, with proper nouns and the, this, these, etc. we use of: I’ve travelled
the whole of France. I was sick the whole of the week.
 Neither and either are used as pronouns or determiners to talk about two
things: Neither type is particularly nice. I don’t think either of these types is /
are edible.

Exercise 23. Analyse the examples and translate the sentences.

1. We sat in silence at either end of a long wooden table.

2. Legal experts following the case believe the trial could go either way.
3. If you see either of these men, contact the police immediately.
4.
a) Either of two results is / are equally possible.
b) Neither of two results is / are possible.
5. She’s got two cars, but she doesn't really like either of them.
6. Which do you prefer? – Either.
7. Do you want milk or lemon in your tea?
a) "Neither, thanks."
b) Either, thanks.
c) Both, please.
8. Simon's car broke down, you see, and neither of us knew how to fix it.
9. I argued that neither strategy could succeed.
10. Both their parents are lawyers.
11. I'm very disappointed in both of you. I expected better behavior.
12. At the end of the race she was completely exhausted, both mentally and
physically.

Exercise 24. Fill in with both – either – neither.

1. They were ___ born on the same day but they are not twins.
2. Do you mind which I take? – No, take ___.
3. Paul and Jim were not here: ___ can possibly know what happened.
4. When are you leaving? On Saturday? On Sunday? – ___ I'm leaving on Monday.
5. Are his parents alive? – No, he has lost ___ his parents.
6. If you see ___ of these guys, call me, please.
7. The game wasn't very exciting. ___ team played well.
8. There was no space to park on ___ side of the road.
9. She says she never met ___ of them before.
10. There were cars parked on ___ sides of the road.
11. Does ___ suggestion appeal to you?
12. ___ of the windows had been broken.
13. ___ side showed any willingness to be involved in the dispute.
14. You shouldn't try to burn the candle at ___ ends; you'll exhaust yourself.
15. ___ team deserved to lose and the match ended in a draw.

14
Exercise 25. Fill in the sentences with both – either – neither – both of – either
of – neither of.

1. Last year I went to Paris and Rome. I liked ___ cities very much.
2. There were two pictures on the wall. I didn't like ___ them.
3. It was a good football match. ___ teams played well.
4. It wasn't a good football match. ___team played well.
5. Which jacket do you prefer, this one or that one? I don't like ___ them.
6. I bought two newspapers. Which one do you want? ___. It doesn't matter which
one.
7. Anna has got two sisters and a brother. I've met her brother but I haven't met ___
her sisters.
8. Is your friend Algerian or English? ___. She's American.
9. Sabrina and I didn't know the time because ___us had a watch.
10. Aina has got two sisters and a brother. ___ sisters are married.
11. The disarmament talks failed because ___ side was prepared to risk taking the
initiative.
12. ___ drivers were injured, but fortunately not seriously.

Exercise 26. Choose the appropriate variant.

1. What do you want to drink this morning, black or white coffee? I don't mind, I'll
drink ___ of them.
A both B neither C either
2. What would you like to eat, butter or jam? I'll eat ___ of them. I like butter and I
like jam.
A either B neither C both
3. Would you like a piece of cake or a piece of fruit? I 'd like ___ of them. I’m not
hungry.
A neither B both C either
4. What are you wearing today, a sweater or a jacket? ___ of them, it's too hot!
A both B neither C either
5. Do you have a geography or a history lesson? We have ___ lesson: our teacher
is ill.
A neither B either C both
6. Did you buy an exercise-book or a ring binder for music lessons? I had enough
money, so, I bought ___ of them.
A either B both C neither
7. Are you going to school with Helen or Jack today ? I'm going with ___ of them.
A either B neither C both
8. Don't forget to visit your uncle! You can take ___ the bus which stops in front of
his house or the bus which goes from the park,
A both B neither C either
9. but remember that ___ runs after seven p.m.
A neither B either C both
15
10. Be careful crossing the street, cars are parked on ___ sides of the road!
A either B both C neither

Exercise 27. Translate into English.

1. Жоден з них не зможе тобі написати обидва листи.

2. Кожен з цих архітектурних стилів має характерну рису, притаманну лише
йому.
3. Ніхто з них не знає, коли вони закінчать цей експеримент.
4. Обидва їхали мовчки, або ж розмовляли про несерйозні речі.
5. Ви боїтеся, що Вам не дадуть сказати жодного слова чи неправильно
зрозуміють, якщо все ж дозволяти виступити. – Я не боюся ні того, ні цього.
6. З обох боків височіли нові житлові масиви.
7. Ми розглядали один одного. Жоден з нас не сказав ні слова.
8. Пол запросив нас обох на сімейну вечірку, але я знав, що він не хоче
жодного з нас там бачити.
9. Я чую вас обох, але жодного не бачу. Де ви заховалися?
10. Жодну з його пропозицій так і не прийняли.

IX. EITHER … OR, NEITHER … NOR, BOTH … AND

http://www.wordpower.ws/grammar/gramch28.html
http://grammar-quizzes.com/conj-paired.html
http://www.testyourenglish.net/english-online/subjects/correlativec.html
http://robin.hubpages.com/hub/Grammar_Mishaps__Neither-Nor_and_Either-Or

Exercise 28. Analyze the examples and put the verbs into the correct form.

Either the board members or the president remembers the decision.

Neither the president nor the board members remember the decision.

1. Neither the students nor their teacher ___ (seem) happy about the test results.
2. Neither the teacher nor the students ___ (seem) happy about the test results.
3. Either history or political science ___ (be) his favourite subject.
4. Neither my roommate nor my parents ___ (be) going to this performance.
5. Either the driver or the passengers ___ (be) responsible for paying the parking
ticket.
6. Either my mother or I ___ (make) breakfast each morning.
7. Either Eve or Ann ___ (be) pulling my leg.
8. Neither Eve nor Ann ___ (be) taking swimming lessons.
9. Either my nephew or my neighbours ___ (have) made up the story.
10. Neither Boris nor his sisters ___ (be) planning to enter University.
11. Either my neighbours or my nephew ___ (have) made up the story.
12. Neither the people next door nor Ann ___ (be) honest.
13. Neither Ann nor the people next door ___ (be) volunteers.
16
14. Neither you nor Maria ___ (be) among the invited.
15. Either you or I ___ (be) wrong.

Exercise 29. Rewrite the sentences using the paired conjunctions given in
brackets.

1. Fred likes helping his friends. So does Linda. (both ... and)
2. Harry used to date Ann. Or was it Helen? (either ... or)
3. Tom doesn't lie to his friends. Paul doesn't either. (neither ... nor)
4. He never listens to or advises his friends when they have a problem. (neither ...
nor)
5. He hasn’t betrayed your trust. He hasn’t betrayed your love. (neither ... nor)
6. He felt disappointed. He felt misunderstood. (both ... and)
7. Brian isn't very considerate. Neither is Tom. (neither ... nor)
8. A true friend is someone who is caring and loving. (both ... and)
9. Rachel should apologise or leave. (either ... or)
10. Richard and John don’t keep her secret. (neither ... nor)

THIS – THAT – THESE –THOSE

 This / these are used to talk about present / future situations, that / those –
past situations: I’m going out with Ted this week. That day was the worst of his
life.
 This is used to identify yourself on the phone. Than is used when speaking on
the phone to ask who the other person is: “Ann, this is Jane.” “Hello, this is
Alan Smith. Who’s that, please?”

Exercise 30. Fill in this / that / these / those.

1. I’ll never forget my holiday in Japan. … was the holiday of a lifetime.
2. Didn’t you just love … striped pants in the store we just passed?
3. Mmm! … the best soup I’ve ever tasted!
4. Do you see … girl over there? She’s my cousin’s girlfriend.
5. Hello, … Ms. Cook. Can I speak to Mr. Brown please?
6. I can’t go out in … dress, it’s much too tight.
7. I’ve been accepted to college. – Congratulations! … is fantastic!
8. … were the days when we used to sing and dance every night.
9. … cookies are delicious. Did you make them yourself?
10. Aren’t … boys over there your students?

MISCELLANEOUS

None

 No is a determiner; none is a pronoun: Bad chocolate is better than

none. Bad chocolate is better than no chocolate.

17
  After none we use singular verb in formal English, but plural in spoken
English: None of these brands taste the same.

Exercise 31. Correct the sentences.

1. All of chocolate come from cocoa beans.
2, There are very few people who like neither them.
3, I have no particular preference; I’ll eat the either.
4. No one of them believed I could do it and not be sick.
5. Chocolate is eaten all over the whole America.

Exercise 32. Choose the correct option.

1. Both / Neither Mozart and Beethoven were great composers.
2. Neither / Either Sam or David studied physics at school.
3, I finished all / whole exercise in five minutes.
4. I’ve kept in touch with all / every my old school friends.
5. Neither / Either of the girls passed the exam. They both failed.
6. None / Each of the people he contacted were interested.
7. Either / Both Tom and Lynn had a good time.
8. She spent the whole / all afternoon lying on the beach.
9. None of / Every the students believed the exam results would be released so
early.
10. I don’t like either / neither of these coats.
11. You are going to have to look through each / both one of these files separately.
12. None of / All of the girls were ready for the dance on time. They got there late.
13. There’s no / none space for a washing machine in my kitchen.

X. REVISION

Exercise 33. Fill in each blank with one of the given words either – neither –
both – so – such – each – every – each other – oneself – other – another
others – the other – none.

1. My wife and I ___ have our own bank account.

2. Luckily, ___ of the passengers was hurt in the crash.
3. Elkins assures the judge that ___ of his clients has a criminal record.
4. The pilot reported trouble with ___ engines.
5. ___ of the three defendants was convicted of conspiracy to commit murder.
6. She says she never met ___ of them before.
7. ___ side has scored. It looks as if it's going to be another draw.
8. How could you say ___ horrible things to me?
9. "Do you want white bread or wheat?" "I don't care. ___ one is fine."
10. Many youngsters who've been brought up in care are often incapable of looking
after ___.
11. My family and I went camping in the mountains with some old friends of ___.
18
12. Karen and David weighed up the pros and cons of having ___ child and decided
for it.
13. Several students were agitated but ___ seemed to be listening.
14. This year I have visited practically ___ country in South-East Asia.
15. Please, don't drive ___ fast! I'm terrified we're going to have an accident.

Exercise 34. Put the verbs into the correct form, paying attention to subject-
verb agreement.

1. Either Jane or Matt ___ (be) going to visit next weekend.

2. Both Jim and Peter ___ (be) attending the conference in New York this weekend.
3. Either Peter or the girls ___ (need) to attend the course.
4. Neither Frank nor Lilly ___ (live) in Eugene.
5. Neither Axel nor my other friends ___ (care) about their future.
6. Both Tom and Peter ___ (live) in a suburb of Chicago.
7. Either he or they ___ (be) going to take care of the problem.
8. Neither my aunts nor my grandmother ___ (want) to come to the celebration.
9. Both my father and my brother ___ (intend) to finish the project.
10. Either I or Jack ___ (have) investigated the situation already.

Exercise 35. Translate into English.

1. Якщо трапиться щось непередбачуване – негайно зателефонуй мені.

2. Нас було багато і кожен намагався допомогти один одному.
3. Дай мені, будь ласка, щось почитати. Тут так нудно сидіти і нічого не робити.
4. Практично кожного відвідувача запросили взяти участь в акції.
5. Ти нічого не чув про нього останнім часом. Кажуть, що він десь в Африці.
6. Це я запросила його на вечірку.
7. Це ще одна цікава історія про те, чому тебе не було так довго?
8. Так, вчора він розмовляв зі мною і з представниками правління.
9. Я зустрівся з іншими студентами групи Лорі і зрозумів, що вони усі
підтримують її.
10. Це людина, яка не знає страху і щоб не трапилося вміє взяти себе в руки.

19
20