TEAM ID: 426498

INTERNSHIP AT RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING “THE SPIRE”
INTERNSHIP REPORT
SUBJECT CODE-3180601

Submitted By:
SOLANKI MANSI N.

ENROLLMENT NUMBER: 210280106519

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
L.D. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AHMEDABAD-380015
GUJARAT

Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad

[APRIL 2024]

Gujarat Technological University L.D. College Of Engineering

 L.D. College of Engineering

120, Circular Road, University Area, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380015

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the internship report Submitted along with the internship entitled
“INTERNSHIP AT RESIDENTIAL BUILDING” has been carried out by
SOLANKI MANSI N. under my guidance in Partial fulfillment for the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering 8 th semester of Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmedabad during the academic year 2023-24.

Prof. B.R. PATEL PROF. C.S. SANGHAVI

Internal Guide Head of Department

Gujarat Technological University L.D. College Of Engineering

Gujarat Technological University L.D. College Of Engineering
 L.D. College of Engineering

120, Circular Road, University Area, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380015

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the Internship / Project report submitted along with the Internship
“INTERNSHIP AT RESIDENTIAL BUILDING” submitted in partial fulfillment for the
degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering to Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmedabad, is a Bonafide record of original project work carried out by me at
RAHUL CONSTRUCTION under guidance of SANJAYBHAI CHOTHANI.

Place: Ahmedabad
Date:

Name of the Student Sign of Student

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to sincerely thank Dr. N.N. BHUPTANI, Principal, LD College of
Engineering, Prof. R.K. JAIN, HOD, Applied Mechanics Department, PROF. C.S.
SANGHVI, HOD, Civil Engineering Department, Ahmedabad for giving me the
permission to work as an intern in this prestigious consultancy and encourage us for the
successful completion of work.

I would like to express my indebtedness appreciation to our respected guide Prof.

B.R. PATEL, Professor civil engineering department, LD college of engineering
Ahmedabad, for his invaluable guidance and active support during the study. I am heartily
thankful for his detailed suggestions and to clarify the concepts which helped me a lot
during the course of this study.

I am thankful to all my faculty members of Civil Engineering department, LD

college of engineering, Ahmedabad, my parents and friends for their special attention and
motivation towards the internship work.

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 ABSTRACT
Students can be benefitted from Training Internships in order to receive real world
experience and develop their skills. An objective for this position should emphasize
the skills you already possess in the area and your interest in learning more.

Internship in the last semester is an integral part of the course curriculum of

Graduation program framed by the Gujarat Technological University. This particular
internship has been completed at a prestigious company of Ahmedabad , Rahul
Construction which dealt with the different phases, where helped me to get
experience on the real-life project design and construction. This project enabled me
to acquire knowledge on proper analysis and design of building for safety including
the capability of solving and tackling the field problem to somewhat. It has taught me
to work in team which will surely help me in the future to come. The implementation
aims to help the construction of structurally safe building more economically, identify
structural challenges, selection of best possible structural sections; preparing the bill
of quantities to submit a competitive offer and preparing general assembly drawings
based on which the buildings will be constructed after the client awarding the
contract. In doing so, the report assesses the efficiency, effectiveness, value added,
impact, user satisfaction, coherence and sustainability of construction of their desired
buildings.

All the content in this report is an attempted blend of theoretical knowledge and
practical application of construction technology and practices prevalent in India,
incorporating latest Indian standard recommendations. The main objective of the
internship is to enable the students to analyse the integral working of an organization
with mature eye.
 LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Design of structure 2
Figure2.2 House Planing (G+2) 3
Figure 2.3 Unit plan 4
Figure 2.4 Elevtion, Section &Columns Layout 5
Figure 3.3 Concreting 12
Figure 3.4 Slump Test 15
Figure 3.5 Types Of Slump 16
Figure 3.6 Cube Test Of Concrete 17
Figure 3.7 various Method Of Concrete Curing 18
Figure 3.8 Concrete Cracks 20
Figure 3.9 Honey Comb In Concrete 21
Figure 3.10 Admixure Of Concrete 22
Figure 3.11 Type Of Beam 23
Figure 3.12 Formwork 24
Figure 3.13 Steel Work 26
Figure 3.14 Staircase Reinforcement 30
Figure 3.15 Beam-Column Junction 31
Figure 3.16 Beam Reinforcement 32
Figure 3.17 Hidden Beam 33
Figure 3.18 Column 34
Figure 3.19 Space Bar 36
Figure 3.20 Slab Reinforcement 37
Figure 3.21 Chair 39
Figure 3.22 Plaster work 40
Figure 3.23 Coupler 41
Figure 3.24 Extra photo 42

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 List of Tables

Table 1 GENRAL SIZES OF BEAMS,COLUMNS &SLAB

Table 2 SLAB THICKNESS

Table 3 DE-SHUTTERING & CURING

 Table of Contents

Certificate II
INTERNSHIP Certificate III
Candidate’s Declaration V
Acknowledgments VI
Abstract VII
List of Figures & Tables VIII

Table content X

Chapter 1 Overview of the company 1

Chapter 2 DESIGN OF STRECTURE

2.1 Location of site 3
2.2 House Planing 4
2.3 Unit plan 5
2.4 Elevtion, Section &Columns Layout 6

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Chapter 3 SITE VISIT
3.1 Introduction to civil engineering 7
3.2 Drawings And Details 10
3.3 Concreting 12
3.4 Slump Test 15
3.5 Types Of Slump 16
3.6 Cube Test Of Concrete 17
3.7 various Method Of Concrete Curing 18
3.8 Concrete Cracks 20
3.9 Honey Comb In Concrete 21
3.10 Admixure Of Concrete 22
3.11 Type Of Beam 23
3.12 Formwork 24
3.13 Steel Work 26
3.14 Staircase Reinforcement 30
3.15 Beam-Column Junction 31
3.16 Beam Reinforcement 32
3.17 Hidden Beam 33
3.18 Column 34
3.19 Space Bar 36
3.20 Slab Reinforcement 37
3.21 De-shuttering 38
3.22 Chair 39
3.23 Plaster Work 40
3.24 Coupler 41

Chapter 4 LEARNING FROM INTERNSHIP 43

Chapter 5 REFFERENCE 44
 Chapter – 1: Overview of the company

• Rahul Construction has more than 8 years working in pan Ahmedabad, Gujrat. It has
executed Structural design for more than 3 million square feet of construction area comprising
80+ projects.
• Rahul Construction has provided engineering services in Ahmedabad, Gujrat.

• The company is providing concept design, Basic Engineering, Detail Engineering ,

Procurement & Execution (EPCM) services, proof checking for all type of Industrial
Structures.
• The company has been in the business of Industrial Structural designing, Structural Audit,
Structural Retrofitting, Architectural planning and Project Management.

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 Chapter-2: DESIGN OF STRUCTURE

2.1 Location of site:

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 2.2 HOUSE PLANING

GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

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HOUSE PLANING

SECOND FLOOR

2.3 UNIT PLAN

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 2.4 Elevtion, Section Layout:

Fig.:- Building Layout & Elevation

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 GENERAL SIZES OF BEAMS,COLUMNS &SLAB

Table 1

TYPES OF BULDING BEAM SIZE IN MM COLUMN SIXE IN MM

GROUND 230X230 230X230

G+1 230X300 230X300

G+2 300X300 300X300

G+3 300X300 300X380

G+4 300X380 300X450

G+5 300X450 380X450

G+6 380X450 450X450

SLAB THIKNESS :

Table 2

TYPES OF BUILDING SLAB THIKNESS

GROUND 125MM

G+1 125MM

G+2 GROUND-125MM
FIRST FLOOR-125MM

G+3 GROUND-150MM
FIRST FLOOR -125MM
SECONED FLOOR-125MM
THIRD FLOOR-125MM

G+4 GROUND-150MM
FIRST FLOOR -150MM
SECONED FLOOR-125MM
THIRD FLOOR-125MM
FOURTH FLOOR-125MM

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 Chapter-3 SITE VISIT

3.1 INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING

Civil engineering is that which deals with the design, Planning, Estimating, surveying
and construction of naturally and physically made environment, including works like roads, canals,
buildings (Industrial and Residential), dams, bridges, port & harbors etc. structures are construct with
the help of civil engineer.
There are certain fields in civil engineering like Management and Construction
Engineering, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Water Engineering, Geotechnical
Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Coastal Engineering, Earthquake Engineering, Highway
Engineering etc.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION STEPS:

All building steps are essential for the construction process. Any step of the process is directly
connected with another step. For example, first of all we acquire land then we will able to construct a
building over there but, for that we need documentation. After completing this thing next step is analysis,
planning, framework etc. Investigation of land and nearer area of building are indispensable for selling,
margin, profit and a lot more. So, analysis is must for project benefits. On the other hand, planning is
parallelly on-going. In that step a specific body takes permission from governance with appropriate FSI,
margin, floor area, total built-up area and a lot more documentation.

Pre-Construction Steps:

Pre-construction steps are those which are happens before initiation of construction
process. The profit, sells, costing, margin and a lot more things are depends on this pre construction steps.
Below are pre-construction steps.
1. To Acquire Land or Plot.
2. Technical Help.
3. Prepare Estimation and Budgets.
4. Permission from Authorities.
5. Approach a builder.

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 Construction Steps :

Once everything is done, building construction steps are beginning. Like first when we got a land
we clean that land, excavation on that land, then construction etc. steps are there all the steps are included
bellow.
1. Site preparation or Levelling work
2. Excavation and PCC
3. Foundation
4. Plinth beam or Slab
5. Superstructure – column
6. Brick Masonry Work
7. The lintel Over Door Window Gaps
8. Floor Slab or Roof Structure
9. Door Window Framing and Fixations
10. Electrical and Plumbing
11. Terrace and Roof Finishing
12. Internal and Exterior Finishes
13. Woodwork and Fixture Fittings
14. Waterproofing and Painting Work

ROLES OF CIVIL ENGINEER:

The roles of civil engineering is mainly depends on the field. Like structural, surveying, construction,
estimation, valuation, billing, and a lot other fields has different roles and responsibilities for civil engineering
on and off site.

In construction, there are a lot of different positions for civil engineer on site and off site like surveyor,
estimator, site engineer, site supervisor, chief engineer, project manager, billing engineer and safety engineer.
These are the posts for civil engineer in different work. Every different role has different duties and
responsibilities.

On the site, where I was doing internship, 2 engineers, one from owner and another from contractor.
There were 2 supervisors from owner and contractor. Also one billing engineer was there.

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 Role Of Site Engineer:

1. Interpretation of drawing
2. Preparation of bar bending schedule
3. Allotting work to labours
4. Supervision of construction work
5. Plotting line
6. Preparing work schedule
7. Checking of steel work- beam, slab, column, etc.
8. Checking shuttering and formwork
9. Checking equipment
10. Supervision of curing and oiling
11. To keep record of every work
12. Find quantity to order
13. Safety of labours
14. Testing of materials
15. Environment

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 3.2 DRAWINGS AND DETAILS

INTRODUCTION OF DRAWINGS :

Drawings are very crucial for any construction work. It is required from the beginning of every
construction work. There are different types of drawings and every drawings has its own uses and
purpose. Every drawings has detailed measurement and section. For every different step of construction
needs different drawings. Different types of drawings are listed below.

6. Architectural drawings
7. Structural drawings
8. Electrical drawings
9. Plumbing drawing

1. Architectural Drawing

A sketch, diagram, plan, or any design of construction work or a component of building are develop
by architecture engineer known as architectural drawing. These are made of lines, projections and based
on scale. The type of architectural drawings are given below.
1. Site plan
2. Floor plan
3. Working drawing
4. Section drawing
5. Elevation drawings

2. Structural Drawings

The drawings which provide information and details about structure like strength of different
structural elements, structural material, grade, size and placement of reinforcement, and how beams,
column and slabs are connected. The different types of drawings are given below.

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 1. Excavation drawings
2. Column layout
3. Plinth beam layout
4. Lintel beam layout
5. Roof slab layout
On our site, during internship I was working with different plans which mention below.

• Center Line Diagram

• Foundation Diagram
• Column Schedule
• Column Rings and Bar Positioning
• Basement column and Footing Schedule
• Typical Sections
• Footing Schedule
• Tie Bar Details
• Tie Beam Layout
• Lower Basement Slab Details / Layout
• Upper Basement Slab Details / Layout

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 3.3 CONCRETING:

CONCRETE COMPONENT:

Concrete is made out of six components, cement, fine aggregates, course aggregate, water, air,
admixtures. Every component is equally important. The quantity of material is as per the grade of
concrete like M20, M25 etc. there is fix ratio of cement sand and aggregate.

Fig.3.3 Concrete Components

METHODS OF MIXING:

There are different ways to mix materials of concrete. There are three types of methods which can
use for concrete mixing listed as below.
3.1.1 Hand Mixing of Concrete (Mixing concrete manually without a mixer machine)
3.1.2 Machine Mixing of Concrete (Mixing concrete with a mixer machine)
3.1.3 Ready Mix Concrete (Mixing in automatic or semi-automatic batching plant)

Machine Mixing:

Machine mixing is the process of mixing the ingredients of the concrete with a concrete mixer
machine. It highly effective fulfilling the demands of short mixing time, optimum consistency and
homogeneous quality of concrete.

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Selection of method of mixing:

There are certain factors which would be affected by selection of mixing. Selection of mixing Is
directly connected with cost and time. Selection of machine is depended on size of construction area and
requirement. If concreting work is less then we can go for hand mixing. Hand mixing is not that much
accurate but still work for small construction work.

Process of Mixing:

• First of all, wet the inner surfaces of the drum of concrete mixer.
• Coarse aggregates are placed in the mixer first followed by sand and then cement. Mix the
materials in the dry state in the mixing machine. Normally it should be 1.5 to 3 minutes.
• After proper mixing of dry materials, gradually add the correct quantity of water while the
machine is in motion. Do not add more water than required. It is not advisable as it reduces
strength.
• After adding the water, you must mix concrete for a minimum of two minutes in the drum.

• If there is any segregation of concrete after unloading from the mixer, then remix the concrete.

RMC:

RMC stands for ready mix concrete. It is very convenient to use because everything is prepared
and we just need to laying it on component. It’s very convenient to use and very accurate mixing is there.

Fig.:-RMC

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We just used ready mix concrete for once and because we have to complete slab in one day. With the
help of this we can reduce the time duration and affords. There are two machine one is truck in which
concrete is filled up and another is compressor which throw concrete through pipes.

GRADE OF CONCRETE:

There is different grade of concrete mix design. Generally M20 used for footing.
And other portion are filled with M25.

• M25 1:1:2 (column, beam, rcc pardi, stair-case, ramp, slab))

• M20 1:1.5:3 (footing)
• M15 1:2:4
• M10 1:3:6
• M 5 1:5:10

CHECKING OF CONCRETING:

• Segregation
• Bleeding
• Water Cement Ratio
• Workability
• Admixture
• Curing

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 3.4 SLUMP TEST:

FIG. 3.4 SLUMP TEST PROCESSER

DEFINE SLUMP:

 Slump of concrete refer to the consistency of fresh concrete before it sets.

 It is performed to check workability of fresh concrete.

 It can also use indicator of an improper water cement ratio and mixed batch.

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Aim : To check workability of fresh concrete.

• Top dia. of cone = 100 mm

• Bottom dia. of cone = 200 mm

• Height of cone = 300 mm

• Tamping rod 16mm dia. and 600mm long

• Cone shall be filled up in 4 layers.

• Each layer shall be tamp with tamping rod for 25 times

.
• The top surface levelled by trowel to the top of cone.

• The cone shall be removed at the base and shall be lifted carefully vertically without disturbing
concrete mass.

3.5 TYPES OF SLUMP

GENERAL 4 TYPES OF SLUMP

1. TRUE SLUMP : if the concrete slum evenly it is called true slump.

2. SHEAR SLUMP: if the one half of the cone slides down it is called shear slump.

 It is indicate cohesion in the concrete mix

3. COLLAPSED SLUMP: in this case fresh concrete collapsed completely is known as collapsed slump.

4. ZERO SLUMP: if the concrete maintains the actual shape of the mould is called zero slump

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3.6 CUBE TEST OF CONCRETE

The compressive strength of the concrete cube test provides an idea about all the
characteristics of concrete. By this single test one judge that whether Concreting has been
done properly or not.

Compressive strength of concrete depends on many factors such as water-cement ratio,

cement strength, quality of concrete material, quality control during the production of
concrete, etc.

FIG. 3.6 CUBE TEST

Aim : To determine compressive strength of concrete.

• Size of cube : 150*150*150 mm

• Clean cube properly and apply oil.

• Then pour concrete in cube, concrete pour in 3 layers.

• Each layers compacted by 35 nos. of strokes with tamping rod 16 mm dia. And 600 mm long.

• Finish properly by trowel after compacting last layer.

• And then cube shall be keep in curing tank.

• And after 7, 14 and 28 days cube test is doing through machine and note reading.

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3.7 VARIOUS METHOD OF CONCRETE CURING

CURING:

Curing is the process of maintaining satisfactory temperature and moisture conditions in concrete long
enough for hydration to develop the desired concrete properties. The potential strength and durability
of concrete will be fully developed only if concrete is properly cured.

The curing of cement concrete is required for:

 To prevent the concrete from drying out prematurely due to solar radiation
and wind. This prevents plastic shrinkage of concrete.

 Curing helps the concrete to harden and bond with internal materials and
reinforcement. This helps to prevent damage to the bond between concrete
and reinforcement due to vibration and impact.

 It helps to maintain the concrete temperature by allowing the hydration

process. The hydration process requires water to carry on and releases heat.

 This helps the development of impermeable, crack-free, and

durable concrete.

METHOD OF CONCRETE CURING

3.7.1 Spraying of water

3.7.2 Ponding method

3.7.3 Steam curing

3.7.4 Wet covering of surface

Ponding method

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WET COVERING METHOD:

 Wet curing is a method of maintaining the surface moisture level by placing

materials like hessian.

FIG. WET COVERING

SPRAYING OF WATER METHOD:

FIG. SPRAYING OF WATER

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3.8 CONCRETE CRACKS

Cracks in concrete are of common occurrence and they develop when

stresses in the concrete exceed its strength. Cracks are often caused
by normal shrinkage of the concrete when hardening and drying.

VARIOUS CAUSES OF CRACKS IN CONCRETE

3.8.1 Loss Of Water From Surface of Concrete

3.8.2 Bleeding Of Water From Concrete

3.8.3 Delayed Curing Of Concrete

3.8.4 Shrinkage : volumetric change of concrete structure due to loss of moisture

content is known as shrinkage.

3.8.5 Thermal Expansion

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3.9 HONEY COMB IN CONCRETE

Honey Comb Also Known As Air Pocket. It is also nothing but air voids in concrete, usually formed
during concrete casting

CAUSES OF HONEYCOMBING

3.9.1 Stiff concrete is used.

3.9.2 Improper vibration is used during the concrete process.

3.9.3 There is less cover for reinforcement bars

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3.10 ADMIXURE OF CONCRETE

It is defined as a material other the basis ingredients of concrete cement, aggregate and water added to the
concrete mix immediately before mixing to modify some properties of concrete in the fresh concrete.

MODIFIED PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

3.10.1 setting time

3.10.2 Hardened properties

3.10.3 Workability of concrete

3.10.4 Durability

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ADMIXURE

1. Plastisizer

2. Super plastisizer

3. Retarder

4. Air- entering agent

FIG.ADMIXURE

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3.11 TYPES BEAM:

1. Primary beam :

The beams that are connecting columns for transferring

loads of a structure directly to the columns are known as
primary beams.

FIG. PRIMARY BEAM

2. Secondary beam :

The beams that are connecting primary beams for

transferring loads of a structure to the primary beams
are known as secondary beams.

FIG. SECONDARY BEAM

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3.12 Formwork

• Formwork is a temporary
structure which is used to
mold the concrete in
different structural shapes
such as beam, column and
slab.

• On site wooden formwork

was used having thickness of
25 mm.
• Jack are used for vertically
support to formwork.

JECK FORMWORK

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SIGN OF GOOD FORMWORK:

• It should be strong enough to withstand all types of dead and live loads.
• It should be rigidly constructed and efficiently propped and braced both horizontally and
vertically, so as to retain its shape.
• The joints in the formwork should be tight against leakage of cement grout.
• Construction of formwork should permit removal of various parts in desired sequences without
damage to the concrete.
• The material of the formwork should be cheap, easily available and should be suitable for reuse.
• The formwork should be set accurately to the desired line and levels should have plane surface.
• It should be as light as possible.
• The material of the formwork should not warp or get distorted when exposed to the elements.
• It should rest on firm base.

CHECKING OF FORMWORK AND SHUTTERING:

• Proper Use of Different Thickness of Ply

• Proper Fitting in Formwork
• Checking In to In Dimension
• Proper Supporting to every ply
• Proper Alignment with measurement
• Level Of Slab
• Proper support to slab
• Spacing between slab ply
• Level of shuttering

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 3.13 STEEL WORK:

DRAWINGS:

There are different types of drawings. Drawings related to steel work is made by structural engineer.
Some of the drawings which shows details about steel work are mentioned below.

• Column Schedule
• Column Ring Schedule
• Typical Sections
• Footing Schedule
• Beam And Column Details

There are other drawings as well for steel structure. But these are drawings which used In
construction of residential building. There are more then one drawings of single drawings. For example,
column schedule would be different from basement and floors.

Information of Drawings:

Every different drawing contains different information. Steel drawings has information like,
• Dimeter Of Bar
• Spacing Between Two Bars
• Column Size
• Column Steel
• Reference Section
• Indicate Diameter of Bar
• Ring Size and Details
• Stirrups Size
• Bottom Bars (Straight, Bent Ups)
• Beam Ring (Left Support, Middle Support, Right Support)
• Side Face Bars
• C/C Spacing
• Remark

With the help of above details steel foreman made steel work for different component like column,
beam, ramp, slab, and stair-case. Sometime bar bending schedule is not given so we have to make that for
work.

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STEEL WORK

Concrete is weak in tension and strong in compression. Plain concrete structures will fail by crushing of
concrete which happens suddenly without any prior deflections and cracks when subjected to tension or
flexure. This type of failure is called brittle failure. To carry tension, steel is required in every component
of building.

The steel bind with binding wire according to the steel drawings given by structural engineer.

There are different tools which used in steel work are listed below.

• Steel Bars ( 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8(Glass Fiber)

• Binding Wire
• Binding Hook
• Plumb-Bob
• Digging Bar
• Crow Bar
• Circular Saw

BANDING MACHINE:

This machine bends bars with proper angels and there is another machine which cut the bars.

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Bar threading machine: -

Bar threading machines are used to cut threaded ends into bars or tubes, so they can be screwed together.

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 Checking in steel work

Once steel work is done, checking is must. Below is list which things we have to check as an
engineer on site.

• Spacing Between Two Bars at Top Net and Bottom Net

• Diameter Of Every Bars

• The Location of Footing According to Marks

• Size Of Footing After Deducting Cover Size

• Top Net Dimeter

• Height Of Steel Work

• Proper Binding with Binding Wire

• Proper Covers at Right Position

• Height Of Pardi

• Tight Coupling

• Ring Sizes

• Proper Lapping

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3.14 STAIRCASE REINFORCEMENT

RISER TOP MAIN BAR

HEIGHT: 10mm @150 mmc/c
150MM

BOTTOM MAIN BAR

THRED 10mm @150 mmc/c
HEIGH:
300MM
STTIRUPS
8mm @150 mmc/c
angle of hook bending
is 135o

• Concrete: M20
• Steel :Fe 415

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 3.15 BEAM - COLUMN JUNCTION

COLUMN
MAIN BAR
16MM TMT
BAR
COLUMN MAIN
BAR
16MM TMT BAR

TOP EXTRA
BAR
12mm
FORMWORK

8mm @200
mmc/c
angle of
hook
bending is
135o

BOTTOM BEAM 8mm @100

BAR 16MM mmc/c
angle of hook
bending is
135o

TOP BEAM
BAR
16MM

8mm @100
mmc/c
angle of
hook
bending is
135o

• Concrete: M25
• Steel :Fe 500

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 3.16 BEAM REINFORCEMENT

TOP BEAM BAR

8mm @100 mmc/c 8mm @100 mmc/c 16MM
TOP MID BEAM
angle of hook bending is angle of hook bending is BAR 16MM
135o 135o

FORMWORK
SIDE EXTRA BAR
BOTTOM BEAM BAR
16 MM
16MM

• Concrete: M25
• Steel :Fe 500 TMT bar
• 4 – legged stirupes used

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3.17 HIDDEN BEAM:

FIG. HIDDEN BEAM

• Hidden beam is a reinforced concrete beam to

provided within the depth of supporting slabs.

• It is also called concealed beam.

• The purpose of hidden beam is disperse loads

on the supporting slab.

• And improve architectural aesthetic appearance by

providing neat and leveled ceiling.

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3.18 COLUMN:

KENDA MEPI

• Kenda maapi is making for column starter.

• It is usefull for column shuttering and keep the position of column.

LAPPING BAR:

• Lapping should be arranged at the midpoint of the column.

• Lapping of bars should be arranged alternatively.

• Lateral ties should be placed narrowly in lapping zone.

• Lap length of bar is 50d.

Fig. Lapping bar

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SHUTTERING:

• For shuttering of column we are using alpha from PERI system.

• These panels are made up of MS rolled section.

• Panels are designed in such way that it is possible to form different sizes of the column.

• These panel are light weight, easy to carry, easy to assemble and easy to remove.

• The design of attachment consist different type of clamps, Waller, clips etc. to make the panel
joint robust.

• These advance system of formwork will decrease the total time took for erection.

COLUMN SHUTTERING

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3.19 SPACE BAR:

 Spacer Bar is used when there are 2 or more Layers of reinforcements.

 A steel bar placed in between the two layers of the main reinforcement in the beam is
called a spacer bar.

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3.20 SLAB:

 Longer span :
T10@150c/c ALT bent up

 Shorter span :
T10@100c/c ALT bent up

 575mm length extra T10 bar

provide where other slab connect.

SHUTTERING

FIG. SLAB SHUTTERING

• First of adjustable steel props with base plate fixing.

• After then U head is fixing in props.

• Then wooden girder beam fix in U head

• Then above wooden girder, GI runner and weller are placed properly and bind with
binding wire.

• After then 12mm plywood sheet place and fix and check level with auto level machine.

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 5.21 De-shuttering and Curing

• The process of Removal of formwork of any components is called as de shuttering.

• De shuttering prod relates to the maturity of concrete and on the temperature.
• Curing is the process of maintaining satisfactory temperature and moisture conditions in concrete long
enough for hydration to develop the desired concrete properties.
• The potential strength and durability of concrete will be fully developed only if concrete is properly
cured.

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3.21 CHAIR :

 Chair reinforcement or simply chair rods are small structural elements that are used to place the
reinforcement bars in the correct position and maintains the correct space between the top and
bottom reinforcements.
 Chair bars are used primarily on the slab and flooring. The diameter of the chair bar should not
be less than 12 mm.

FIG. CHAIR

CHAI BAR ARE USED IN SLAB FOR:

1. Maintain the required spacing between the top and bottom reinforcement cage in footings, slabs,
raft foundations, etc.

2. Maintaining a clear cover for reinforcement during concrete vibration.

3. To protect the upper and lower cages from displacement and sagging during concreting due to movement
of trolleys, walking of workers, dead load of new concrete etc.

4. Provide additional support for reinforcement bars.

5. To increase the tension property of concrete. This helps to prevent structural collapse due to failure in
the tension zone.

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3.22 PLASTER WORK

• Plastering is the process of covering rough walls and surfaces in structure with cement mortar is
called plaster.
• The ratio of plaster is 1:4 (cement sand)
• The thickness of internal plaster is 10 mm.
• Curing of plaster is doing up to 7 days.
• It is measure in sq. ft.

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 FIG. PLASTERING WORK

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3.23 Coupler:

• A coupler is a threaded device for joining reinforced bar and transfer the load one bar to other
bar.

• And we provide coupler at where the dia. Of bar is 20mm, 25mm, 32mm.

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EXTRA PHOTOS FROM SITE

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CHAPTER 4. Learnings from Internship

• There were learning sessions for interns about the basic application of bookish knowledge to
real projects.

• I Learned Different Structure Drawing Live Project.

• By visiting the site, we were able to know about the practical aspects of structural
planning, orientation of column, reinforcement detailing drawing and its
importance.

• Counting of cement bags.

• To make good connectivity contractor and workers.

• Learn from site engineer and contractor in internship period.

• To check cube test of any concrete filling.

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 Chapter-5: -REFERENCES

• https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL81CACWn0dIarhZOBWqU55WY0UeZmqwEM

• https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5DYIL_VeL0ttam-x-btg7qaccL5V0vEA

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