SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY
and SOCIETY
Learning Outcomes
1. Explain the origins and general concepts of Science,
Technology and Society.
2. Describe the relationship among Science, Technology
and Society.
3. Compare Science, Technology and society then and now.
What is
Science?
What is the history
of Science? Or
How does Science
started?
The History of Science can really be called the
History of Curiosity, Survival, and more
Pre-classical and Classical Science
Egyptians
Excellent at Geometry but poor in arithmetic and math,
could not do fractional computing
• Astronomy – primitive, but excellent calendars trying to reconcile
solar and lunar cycles, established 365 day per year and 24 hours
per day
• Medicine and Surgery – empirical
Babylonians
• Excellent at math using sexagesimal (base 60) system, used
algebra but poor in geometry
• Astronomy – Moon oriented especially about eclipses
• Medicine and Surgery – empirical later used astrology
Pre-classical and Classical Science
• Greeks
• Mixed metaphysical and physical speculation
• Metaphysics – search for general, eternal principles
• Physical – logical, causal explanations of phenomena
• Astronomy – developed conceptual models
• Basic assumption – geocentric and geostatic, Cosmos is finite
• Perfect circular motion
• Plato – coherent metaphysics, looked for Forms
• Aristotle – accepted reality as it appeared, accepted idea of change
• Ptolemy – applied math to models
Science stagnated during the Middle Ages
• Middle Ages – fall of Western Roman Empire (478 AD) to the
Renaissance. (1400s AD)
• Greek declined cutting off Greek philosophical and scientific
roots
• Scientific inquires based on often incomplete sources
• 6th century de-urbanization
• Monastic/cathedral schools centered on the Bible
• 1200, Latin translations of Aristotle, Euclid, Ptolemy,
Archimedes, and Galen – all except Plato.
• 1348 – Black Death ended massive scientific change. One third
of population in Europe died, especially in crowded towns,
where innovation was happening
Science stagnated during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages – fall of Western Roman Empire (478 AD) to the
Renaissance. (1400s AD)
Greek declined cutting off Greek philosophical and scientific
roots
Scientific inquires based on often incomplete sources
6th century de-urbanization
Monastic/cathedral schools centered on the Bible
1200, Latin translations of Aristotle, Euclid, Ptolemy,
Archimedes, and Galen – all except Plato.
1348 – Black Death ended massive scientific change. One third
of population in Europe died, especially in crowded towns, where
innovation was happening
Each new discovery adds to the
next
“If I have seen further than others, it is by
standing upon the shoulders of giants.”
- Isaac Newton writing to Robert
Hooke February 15,1676
Creationism vs Darwin
Creationists Oppose:
• World due to evolution,
Creationists Believe particularly as described by
God is absolute creator of all Charles Darwin in his Origin of
God is constantly involved in Species.
creation • Facts of evolution – all
Archbishop Ussher’s 16th c organisms result from natural
processes from simpler forms
calculation of about 6000 years • Population pressures leads to
Six days of creation struggle for existence
• Struggle and variation leads to
natural selection
What is
Technology?
τεχνη – techne “art, skill , cunning of hand”
λογίά – -logia “he collection of techniques,
skills, methods, and processes…
The practical application of knowledge
especially in a particular area
The use of science in industry,
engineering, etc., to invent things or to
solve problems
History of Technology
the history of the invention of tools and techniques
inventions have enabled people to create and
accomplish many new things
Technological innovations affect, and are affected by,
a society's cultural traditions
Technological artifacts are products of a society’s
economy, a force for economic growth, and a large
part of everyday life
Science/
Technology
Society
The impact of science and technology is in our homes, in the
food we eat and even the gadgets in our homes.
Give examples by completing the table
Area of Life Examples of Technology
The homes in which we live
The food we eat
The electrical gadgets in our homes
Our mode of transportation
What is
Society
Society
- comes from the Latin words “societas” , meaning - friendly association with
others; “socius”, meaning - comrade, ally, companion; “socialis”, meaning – civil or
friendly bond or interaction between parties.
- a grouping of individuals characterized by common interest and distinctive
culture, institution, ethnicity, religion, benevolence, scientific purpose, politics, and
other united goals.
Types of Societies
1. Pre-Industrial Societies
2. Industrial Societies
3. Post-Industrial Societies
Assignment:
1. Explain the development of Science, Technology and Society during the
Pre-historic Era or Ancient Time, Middle Age, Modern Age, Philippine
Technologies.
2. Discuss the types of technologies and enumerate 10 example
technologies during this era (Pre-historic Era or Ancient Time, Middle Age,
Modern Age, Philippine Technologies) that quickly influence the world.
3. Describe how this technologies affect the evolution of human life and the
societies.
