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Archaeology is the study of human activity through material culture, encompassing artifacts, architecture, and cultural landscapes. It is a social science and humanities discipline that examines human prehistory and history, relying on cross-disciplinary research and various sub-disciplines. Archaeologists face challenges such as pseudoarchaeology, artifact looting, and public disinterest while striving to understand and document changes in human societies over time.

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24 views2 pages

Ianzw 5pj2k

Archaeology is the study of human activity through material culture, encompassing artifacts, architecture, and cultural landscapes. It is a social science and humanities discipline that examines human prehistory and history, relying on cross-disciplinary research and various sub-disciplines. Archaeologists face challenges such as pseudoarchaeology, artifact looting, and public disinterest while striving to understand and document changes in human societies over time.

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abderrahmaneslimane05
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Foreign languages –English- L1 - Groups 03-04-05-07-09

Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and
analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts,
architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be
considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually
considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of
anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography.
Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the
first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent
decades. Archaeology is distinct from palaeontology, which is the study of fossil
remains. Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies,
for which, by definition, there are no written records. Prehistory includes over 99% of
the human past, from the Paleolithic until the advent of literacy in societies around the
world. Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history
to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human
societies through time. Derived from Greek, the term archaeology means "the study of
ancient history".
The discipline involves surveying, excavation, and eventually analysis of data
collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-
disciplinary research.
Archaeology developed out of antiquarianism in Europe during the 19th century,
and has since become a discipline practiced around the world. Archaeology has been
used by nation-states to create particular visions of the past. Since its early
development, various specific sub-disciplines of archaeology have developed,
including maritime archaeology, feminist archaeology, and archaeoastronomy, and
numerous different scientific techniques have been developed to aid archaeological
investigation. Nonetheless, today, archaeologists face many problems, such as dealing
with pseudoarchaeology, the looting of artifacts, a lack of public interest, and
opposition to the excavation of human remains.

 Sinclair, A. (2016). "The Intellectual Base of Archaeological Research 2004–2013: A visualisation and analysis of its disciplinary links,
networks of authors, and conceptual language". Internet Archaeology (42).

 ^ Sinclair, A. (2022). "Archaeological Research 2014 to 2021: an examination of its intellectual base, collaborative networks and
conceptual language using science maps". Internet Archaeology (59).

 ^ Kristiansen, Kristian (2009). "The Discipline of Archaeology". The Oxford Handbook of Archaeology. Oxford University Press.
African Journal of Library and Information Science ISSN 2756-3383 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001, May, 2021.

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