1.

2Benefits of Short-Term, Medium-Term, and Long-Term Goals

 Having short-term goals provides a sense of achievement and motivation in
the near future, boosting confidence and momentum.
 Medium-term goals help in planning and progress tracking, breaking down
long-term aspirations into manageable steps.
 Long-term goals provide a sense of purpose, direction, and vision, guiding
decision-making and prioritization of activities.
 Together, these goals create a balanced approach to personal and
professional development, fostering resilience and adaptability.

1.3-time management, Adaptability, evaluate your progress

1.4- Goalsare something you're acting on. Dreams are something

you create in your mind that can take any shape or form, while
goals are based on taking action.

 1.5-Self-Reflection: Reflect on your values, strengths, weaknesses, and interests

to identify what you want to achieve.
 Specificity: Set clear, specific, and measurable goals. Use the SMART criteria
(Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) to ensure your goals are
well-defined.
Create a Plan: Develop a detailed plan outlining the steps you need to take to
achieve your goals. Set deadlines for each step to keep yourself accountable.

1. 1.6-.2-External Expectations: External expectations from family, friends, or society

can also negatively influence the prioritization of personal life goals. Pressure to
conform to societal norms, meet family expectations, or fulfill obligations to friends
can lead individuals to prioritize external expectations over their own personal
aspirations. This can result in a lack of autonomy and fulfillment, as personal goals
take a backseat to external pressures.

1.6.3-Prioritize
Prioritizing refers to the process of determining the order for dealing with a series of
tasks or goals based on their relative importance or urgency.
Guidelines for Prioritizing Goals:

 SMART Criteria: Ensure your goals are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant,
and Time-bound. This framework helps in setting clear and achievable objectives.
 Eisenhower Matrix: Use this matrix to categorize tasks based on their urgency and
importance. It helps in identifying which goals should be prioritized over others based
on their impact and time sensitivity.
 1.6.4-
 Reason 1: Identify the problem clearly and define its scope.

 Reason 2: Gather information relevant to the problem.

 Reason 3: Brainstorm potential solutions.

 Reason 4: Evaluate the pros and cons of each solution.

 Reason 5: Choose the best solution and develop an action plan.

 Reason 6: Implement the action plan and monitor progress, making

adjustments as needed.

 1.6.5- Portrayal of Relationships: Media often presents idealized or unrealistic

portrayals of relationships, influencing individuals' perceptions of what a "perfect"
relationship should look like.
Expectations: Media can create unrealistic expectations about love,romance, and
relationships, leading individuals to compare their own relationships to those
depicted in the media.
 Conflict Resolution: Media can influence individuals' beliefs about how conflicts
should be resolved in relationships, potentially impacting their approach to conflict
resolution.

2.1 Higher education refers to post-secondary education and training.

Higher education refers to the level of education that occurs after the completion of
secondary education, typically at a university or college. It is characterized by
specialized learning in a specific field, which often involves research, critical thinking,
and the application of knowledge. It includes various qualifications such as
diplomas, degrees, and certificates.

1. 2.2 Emotional Impact: The rejection can cause significant emotional

distress, including disappointment, frustration, and feelings of failure. This

can negatively affect mental well-being and motivation to pursue

alternative options.

 2.3- Public FET College: Public FET colleges are subject to government regulations
and quality assurance measures.
 Private FET College: Private FET colleges may have their own quality assurance
measures and accreditation processes.
 2.4-
40% in three subjects of which one must be English 30% in three remaining subjects Six of
the seven subjects must be passed. To pass the National Senior Certificate,
students must achieve a minimum of 40% in three subjects, including an
official language; at least 30% in two subjects, with a language
requirement; and a minimum of 20% in a sixth subject. This ensures a
balanced education across key areas. Meeting these criteria is crucial for
students' academic progression.

1. 2.5- Decreased Quality of Education: Free higher education may lead to a

decrease in the quality of education provided.
 Without tuition fees, institutions may struggle to maintain adequate resources, such
as faculty, facilities, and technology, impacting the overall quality of education.
 Additionally, the lack of financial investment from students may reduce their
motivation and commitment to academic success, potentially leading to lower
educational outcomes.
Overcrowding and Limited Access: Free higher education can result in
overcrowding and limited access to resources.
 With no financial barriers, there may be a surge in the number of students applying
to higher education institutions, leading to overcrowded classrooms and limited
access to professors and support services.
 This overcrowding can also strain existing infrastructure and resources, potentially
compromising the overall learning experience for students.

 2.6- Registration: Students need to register for the NBT on the official website or
through their educational institution.
 Test Components: The NBT consists of two components: the Academic and
Quantitative Literacy (AQL) test and the Mathematics (MAT) test. These assess a
student's academic and quantitative skills.
 Test Dates: The NBT is typically offered several times a year, and students need to
select a suitable test date during the registration process.
 Test Day: On the test day, students need to arrive at the designated test center with
their identification documents and any other required materials.
 Test Duration: The AQL test and the MAT test each have a specific duration, and
students need to manage their time effectively during the test.
 Results: After completing the test, students receive their results, which are typically
available online. These results are then used by universities as part of the
admissions process.
 Preparation: It's advisable for students to prepare for the NBT by familiarizing
themselves with the test format, practicing sample questions, and reviewing relevant
academic material.

The National Benchmark Tests comprise three multiple choice tests,

written as a combined Academic Literacy and Quantitative Literacy
(AQL) test, and a separate Mathematics test. The AQL is a three-hour
test that consists of an Academic Literacy (AL) section and a
Quantitative Literacy (QL) section.
 There are two tests, the AQL and the MAT. The AQL is written in a 3 hour morning

session. The MAT is written on the same day in a 3 hour afternoon session

2.7-
1. Scholarships
 Scholarships are merit-based financial aid awarded to students based on academic,
athletic, artistic, or other achievements.
 Influence on Future Career: Scholarships can significantly reduce the financial
burden of education, allowing learners to focus on their studies and extracurricular
activities. Additionally, receiving a scholarship can enhance a student's resume and
demonstrate their dedication and excellence in their field, potentially opening doors
to future career opportunities.
2. Grants
 Grants are need-based financial aid provided by the government, institutions, or
private organizations to support students with financial constraints.
 Influence on Future Career: By alleviating financial stress, grants enable learners to
concentrate on their studies and professional development. This can lead to better
academic performance, increased participation in internships or research
opportunities, and ultimately, a stronger foundation for a successful career.
3. Student Loans
 Student loans are funds borrowed to cover educational expenses, with the
expectation of repayment after completing studies.
 Influence on Future Career: While student loans can provide immediate financial
support, they also come with the responsibility of repayment. Successfully managing
student loan debt can demonstrate financial responsibility to future employers and
contribute to building a positive credit history, which is crucial for various career
milestones such as securing housing or business loans.
4. Work-Study Programs
 Work-study programs offer part-time employment opportunities to students, often
within the university or related to their field of study.
 Influence on Future Career: Engaging in work-study programs allows learners to
gain practical experience, develop professional skills, and build a network within their
industry. This hands-on experience can enhance their resume, provide valuable
references, and potentially lead to full-time employment opportunities after
graduation.

 3.3. Participation. All men and women should have a voice in decision-making, either directly or
through legitimate intermediate institutions that represent their interests. ...
 Rule of law. ...
 Transparency. ...
 Responsiveness. ...
 Consensus orientation. ...
 Equity. ...
 Effectiveness and efficiency. ...
 Accountability.
 3.5- Town Hall Meetings: These gatherings provide a platform for community
members to voice their opinions and concerns directly to local government officials
and lawmakers.
 Public Hearings: Government bodies often hold public hearings to gather input from
the community on proposed laws or regulations. This allows citizens to express their
views and influence the decision-making process.
 Citizen Advisory Committees: These committees are formed to advise government
officials on specific issues or policies. They provide a structured way for community
members to contribute to the law-making process.
 Referendums and Initiatives: In some countries, citizens can propose new laws or
changes to existing laws through referendums or initiatives. This allows the
community to directly participate in shaping legislation.

3.4- Constitution Definition: A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or

established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.
It outlines the structure, powers, and limits of government institutions, as well as the
rights and duties of the citizens.
Objectives within the Constitution:
1. Establishing the Framework of Government: The constitution sets out the structure of
the government, including the branches of government, their powers, and the
relationship between them.
2. Protection of Individual Rights: It aims to safeguard the fundamental rights and
freedoms of the citizens, such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly.
3. Defining the Rule of Law: The constitution establishes the rule of law, ensuring that
all individuals, including government officials, are subject to and accountable under
the law.
4. Promoting the Welfare of the People: Many constitutions include provisions aimed at
promoting the welfare of the people, such as social and economic rights, and the
promotion of social justice.

3.6- Transparency in government is vital for accountability, public trust, civic

participation, and informed decision-making. Strategies such as audits,
social media use, public forums, and accessible data can enhance
transparency. Ultimately, these measures contribute to a more engaged
and informed citizenry in a democratic society.

Explanation:

Importance of Transparency in a Democratic

Government
Transparency in a democratic government is crucial for several reasons.
Here are four key reasons alongside potential strategies that governments
can implement to enhance transparency:

1.
2. Enhancing Accountability: When government actions are transparent,
officials are held accountable for their decisions. This can prevent
corruption and abuse of power. Strategy: Implementing regular audits and
public reporting on government spending to ensure that funds are used
properly.
3.
4. Building Public Trust: Transparency fosters trust between the
government and its citizens. When people are informed about government
operations, they are more likely to trust their leaders. Strategy: Utilizing
social media and official websites to provide real-time information about
government initiatives and decisions.
5.
6. Encouraging Civic Participation: Transparency invites citizens to engage
and participate in governance. It allows citizens to provide feedback and
influence policies. Strategy: Hosting public forums and consultations where
citizens can discuss and express their opinions on government policies.
7.
8. Promoting Informed Decision-Making: When information is accessible,
citizens can make educated choices during elections, leading to better
governance. Strategy: Creating comprehensive databases that compile
government data and make it user-friendly for public access.