SUR2101C Final
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1. Interior angle(1) Measured from an in-
strument that is set up
on a point located be-
tween two points
2. Deflection angle(1) Measured from a pro-
longation of a preced-
ing line
3. Direct simplest method of an-
gle measurement and
is performed most often
by persons in the field
4. Direct and Reverse process of doubling an-
gles is used to elim-
inate instrumental er-
rors and increase the
precision of the angle
turned
5. Common Angle Measurement Instruments Transit
Theodolite
- Total Station
6. Back Bearing All that is needed is to
reverse the letters. E.g.
N 45° E has a back
bearing of S 45° W
7. Deflection angle (2) Typically measured if a
traverse is being used
for a project such as a
highway
8. Open traverse Is not a useful tool
on the construction site
because it provides no
way to check for mis-
takes
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9. Tangent Screw allows the observer to
"fine-tune" the instru-
ment when sighting
10. Measurement way to determine the
value of an angle be-
tween two lines
11. Lay out way to locate a point on
the jobsite and an an-
gle needs to be turned
to locate it.
12. Closing the horizon Used as a simple check
to ensure that the an-
gles about the point
add up to 360.
Angle + 360
13. Adjustment Options randomly, following the
notes in the field work,
equally
14. Angle adjustment Should only be per-
formed if the angles
turned DO NOT meet
the expected results at-
tainable from the instru-
ment
15. Notekeeping interior Angles list the backsight first,
then the occupied
point, and the foresight
last. EG angle BAC
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16. PC PI - T
17. PT PC + L
18. Back Azimuth Azimuth + 180
19. Latitude Distance*Cosine(Direc-
tion)
20. Departure (Distance*Sine(Direc-
tion)
21. Advantages of Rectangular Coordinates -Ease of use
-Only require simple,
straightforward math
-They can be used and
easily adapted to any
project
-Horizontal coordinates
transfer vertically
22. L(< or >) LC L>LC
23. E (< or >) MO E>MO
24. Correct order of measuring an angle 1)Set up and level over
the point.
2)Sight and lock onto
the backsight.
3)Set and hold zero.
4)Release zero and
release the horizontal
motion clamp.
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5)Turn, sight, and lock
onto the foresight.
6)Read the angle.
7)Record in field book.
25. NE Bearing (N 0° E - N 90° E) Conversion to Az- Same # as Azimuth
imuth
26. SE Bearing (S 0° E -S 90° E) Conversion to Az- 180°- Bearing
imuth
27. SW Bearing (S 0° W -S 90° W) Conversion to Az- 180°+ Bearing
imuth
28. NW Bearing (N 0° W -N 90° W) Conversion to Az- 360°- Bearing
imuth
29. 0°to 90° Conversion to Bearing Same # as Bearing =
NE Bearing
30. 90°to 180° Conversion to Bearing 180°- Azimuth = SE
Bearing
31. 180° to 270° Conversion to Bearing Azimuth - 180° = SW
Bearing
32. 270° to 360° Conversion to Bearing 360°- Azimuth = NW
Bearing
33. Trapezoidal Rule Area = w {[ (h1 + hn)/ 2]
+ h2 + ... + hn-1}
34. Simpson's 1/3 Rule Area = (w/3) [h1 + hn +
2(£
h_odd) + 4(£h_even)]
35. Sum of the angles of a polygon formula (n-2)*180
36. Short Chord 2R*sin(incremental de-
flection)
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37. Long Chord 2R*sin(total deflection)
38. Azimuths measured clockwise
from North and vary
from 0° to 360°
39. Bearings measured either clock-
wise or counterclock-
wise from North and
South and vary from 0°
to 90
40. Closed traverse measruments Measurements will re-
sult in a geometrically
or mathematically
41. When traversing around a polygon, it is conve- counterclockwise
nient to do so...
42. When traversing, it is standard practice to turn clockwise
angles...
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