1. Which of the following is a key feature of all prokaryotic cells?
a) Presence of mitochondria
b) Absence of a cell wall
c) DNA present in a nucleoid region
d) Presence of a nucleus
2. Viruses are considered non-living because:
a) They have no nucleus
b) They cannot reproduce independently
c) They have a protein coat
d) They cause diseases
3. Which of the following is not found in fungi?
a) Chitin cell walls
b) Chloroplasts
c) Glycogen as a storage molecule
d) Saprotrophic nutrition
4. Which kingdom does an organism with the following characteristics belong to?
o Unicellular
o Has a nucleus
o Moves using pseudopodia
a) Bacteria
b) Protoctista
c) Fungi
d) Animalia
5. Which organelle is present in both bacterial and plant cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Ribosomes
d) Golgi apparatus
6. What is the function of mesosomes in bacteria?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Cellular respiration
c) Photosynthesis
d) DNA replication
7. Which of the following statements about mitochondria is correct?
a) They contain 70S ribosomes like prokaryotes
b) They produce glucose for the cell
c) They transport oxygen to tissues
d) They only exist in plant cells
8. Which of the following organisms has no nucleus, but has DNA and a cell wall?
a) Fungi
b) Bacteria
c) Virus
d) Algae
9. Which biological molecule contains phosphorus as a key component?
a) Glucose
b) Starch
c) DNA
d) Amino acids
10. What is the main reason enzymes become denatured at high temperatures?
a) The active site changes shape due to protein denaturation
b) The substrate molecules break down
c) The enzyme’s structure dissolves
d) The enzyme permanently binds to the substrate
11. In which of the following conditions would amylase function the fastest?
a) pH 2, 10°C
b) pH 7, 37°C
c) pH 12, 50°C
d) pH 9, 25°C
12. Which statement about osmosis is correct?
a) It requires ATP
b) It moves solutes from low to high concentration
c) It occurs only in plant cells
d) It involves the movement of water across a partially permeable membrane
13. A red blood cell is placed in a solution and shrinks. This happens because the solution is:
a) Isotonic
b) Hypotonic
c) Hypertonic
d) Neutral
14. Which transport process moves ions against a concentration gradient in root hair cells?
a) Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Active transport
d) Passive transport
15. Why is chlorophyll essential for photosynthesis?
a) It absorbs carbon dioxide
b) It captures light energy
c) It provides structural support
d) It produces ATP directly
16. In a variegated leaf experiment, the white areas of the leaf turn iodine brown after starch testing. What
does this indicate?
a) Photosynthesis occurs in non-green parts
b) No starch was produced in white areas
c) Light is not required for starch production
d) Carbon dioxide is not necessary for photosynthesis
17. Which mineral is necessary for chlorophyll synthesis?
a) Iron
b) Magnesium
c) Calcium
d) Sodium
18. Why do muscle cells switch to anaerobic respiration during exercise?
a) There is insufficient oxygen
b) Glucose is unavailable
c) Lactic acid is required for energy production
d) The mitochondria stop working
19. Which waste product is formed in yeast during anaerobic respiration?
a) Lactic acid
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Urea
d) Oxygen
20. What adaptation allows alveoli to have an efficient gas exchange?
a) Thick walls
b) Large surface area
c) Low blood supply
d) Active transport
21. What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?
a) Relaxes and moves up
b) Contracts and moves down
c) Contracts and moves up
d) Expands sideways
22. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood to the heart?
a) Pulmonary vein
b) Pulmonary artery
c) Vena cava
d) Aorta
23. How do guard cells control the stomata?
a) Expanding to close stomata when turgid
b) Expanding to open stomata when turgid
c) Absorbing nitrogen
d) Transporting sucrose
24. Which substance is not excreted by the kidney?
a) Urea
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Excess water
d) Salt
25. Where does ultrafiltration occur in the kidney?
a) Loop of Henle
b) Glomerulus
c) Collecting duct
d) Ureter
26. Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions?
a) Cerebrum
b) Medulla
c) Cerebellum
d) Hypothalamus
27. Which endocrine gland produces insulin?
a) Adrenal gland
b) Pancreas
c) Pituitary gland
d) Thyroid gland
28. What is the role of the testes?
a) Producing testosterone
b) Producing eggs
c) Absorbing oxygen
d) Producing digestive enzymes
29. Which hormone maintains the uterus lining during pregnancy?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Testosterone
d) Adrenaline
30. In flowering plants, fertilization occurs when:
a) Pollen lands on the stigma
b) Pollen reaches the ovary
c) Pollen tube fuses with the ovule
d) Ovules are dispersed
31. Photosynthesis Rate Graph Interpretation
A student measures the rate of photosynthesis by counting oxygen bubbles produced by an aquatic plant at different
light intensities. The results are plotted on a graph.
What is the most likely reason the graph levels off at high light intensities?
a) The plant stops photosynthesizing.
b) Light is no longer the limiting factor.
c) The plant produces too much oxygen.
d) The carbon dioxide concentration decreases.
32. Experimental Variables
In an enzyme experiment, a student investigates how temperature affects the breakdown of starch by amylase.
Which variable should be kept constant?
a) Temperature of the solution
b) Volume of the enzyme
c) pH of the solution
d) All of the above
33. Respiration Experiment Analysis
A student investigates respiration in yeast by measuring the volume of carbon dioxide produced at different
temperatures.
Which conclusion is most likely correct if the experiment shows maximum CO₂ production at 37°C?
a) Respiration is faster at 0°C
b) Enzymes in yeast work best at body temperature
c) Respiration rate remains constant regardless of temperature
d) Yeast stops respiring after 10 minutes
34. Osmosis Experiment
A student places potato cylinders into different sucrose solutions.
Which observation suggests that the external solution is hypertonic?
a) The potato cylinders increase in mass
b) The potato cylinders decrease in mass
c) The potato cylinders become rigid
d) The potato cylinders remain unchanged
35. Blood Pressure & Heart Rate Graph
A graph shows a person’s heart rate increasing after exercise.
What is the main reason for this increase?
a) More oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration
b) Carbon dioxide needs to be stored in cells
c) The body absorbs more lactic acid
d) The nervous system slows down
36. Transport in Plants
Why do xylem vessels contain lignin?
a) To transport glucose
b) To store water
c) To provide structural strength
d) To conduct photosynthesis
37. Hormonal Control
Which hormone is responsible for ovulation in the menstrual cycle?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
d) Testosterone
38. Nervous System Response
A reflex action is faster than a normal response because:
a) The brain does not process the response
b) More neurons are involved
c) It is controlled by the hypothalamus
d) It requires conscious thought
39. Environmental Science
Deforestation leads to an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere because:
a) Fewer trees absorb CO₂ during photosynthesis
b) CO₂ is trapped inside trees
c) It reduces oxygen production
d) It stops respiration in animals
40. Selective Breeding vs. Genetic Engineering
Which of the following is an advantage of genetic engineering over selective breeding?
a) It takes longer to produce desired traits
b) It does not involve altering DNA
c) It allows for precise modification of genes
d) It only works in plants
