!

=# hn;Dkbf M l:ytL / dxTj

Hfn;Dkbf M-Water resources_ e'jg lu/L
 hneGgfn] kfgLnfO{ j'emfp5 . pk–;lrj
 kfgL / kfgLjf6 k|fKtx'g] j:t'hn;Dkbfxf] . s+rgk'/
lhNnf cbfnt
 hn;DkbfnfO{ ;DklQsf] ?kdfpkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
 hn;Dkbfjf6 k|fKtx'g] cfDbfgLnfO{ white dollarsf] ?kdf
lrlgG5 .
 dfgjlhjgdfhn;Dkbfljgf ;+Dej 5}g .
hn;Dkbfsf] l:ylt M –- Status of water resources _
 hn;Dkbfdf j|flhn ljZjsf] klxnf] b]z xf] eg] g]kfn ljZjsf] bf];|f]
hn;Dkbfsf] wgL b]z xf] .
 e'kl/j]li7t b]z g]kfndf ;txL / e'ldut u/L @ k|sf/ ckf/ hn>f]t
pknAw 5g\ .
 pQ/jf6 blIf0f tkm{ jUg] sl/j ^))) eGbf j9L gbLgfnfx? oxfFsf
d'Vo hn;Dkbf x'g .
 gbLgfnf, tfntnf}of , kf]v/L , s'08, em/gf tyf kfgLsf d'nx? g}
d'Vo ;txL hn;Dkbf x'g .
 jf]l/ª , 6\o'jnsf] dfWodjf6 hldg d'lgjf6 k|fKt x'g] kfgL g}
e'ldut hn ;Dkbf xf] .
 g]kfnsf] s'n ;Defljt hn ljB't Ifdtf *#,))) d]=jf /x]sf] / cfly{s jf
k|fljlws b[li6n] ;d]t pko'Qm dflgPsf] hn ljB'tIfdtf $#,)))
d]=jf 5 .
 sf]zL,u08sL / s0f{fnL u/L # j6f d'VogbL /x]sf .
 lxdfnL tfn, kxf8L tyf d}bfgL tfn / dfgj lgld{t tfn u/L #
k|sf/sf /x]sf .
 g]kfnsf glbx?nfO{ klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] u/L # >]0fLdf ljefhg
ul/Psf] .
 lxdfnL lxp kUn]/ ;bfjxf/ jUg] sf]zL, u08sL / s0ff{nL h:tf 7'nf
gbLx? Klxnf] >]0fLdf , dxfef/t kxf8jf6 pTkGg e} jUg] d]rL,
sGsfO{ ,sdnf, jfUdtL, ltgfp, jf0fu+uf bf];|f] >]0fLdf / r'/]
kxf8jf6 jUg] 5f]6f] b'/Lsf df]xgf, /t'jf ltnfj], l;l;{of t];|f]
>]0fLdf kb{5g .
 s0f{fnL gbLsf & j6f ;xfos gbLx? x'Dnf s0f{fnL, d'u' s0f{fnL,
7'nL e]/L, ;fgL e]/L , ltnf , j'l9 u+uf / ;]tL x'g .
  u08sL gbLsf & j6f ;xfos gbLx? sfnL u08sL , ;]tL , dfbL,
d:of{ªbL, b/f}bL , j'9Lu08sL / lqz'nL x'g .
 sf]zL glbsf ;xfos gbLx? ,O{Gb|fjtL, ;'gsf]zL, tfdfsf]zL, lnv',
b'wsf]zL , c?0f / tdf]/ x'g .
 dgfÍ lhNnfdf cjl:yt ltnLrf] tfn ljZjs} cUnf] 7fpdf cjl:yt tfn
xf] .
 sf]zL gbLnfO{ ljxf/sf] b'Mvsf] ?kdf x]l/Psf] 5 .
 k"j{df s+rgh+3f b]lv klZrd nfd6fÍ ;Ddsf] ;Ktsf]lz gbLsf]
jxfjn] ^!,$!) j=ls=dL If]q cf]u6]sf] .
 k"j{df nfd6fÍ b]lv klZrddf wf}nflu/L ;Ddsf] ;Ktu08sL gbLsf]
jxfjn] #&,*&! j=ld= If]q cf]u6]sf] .
 k"j{df wjnflu/L b]lv klZrddf Jof; lxdfn ;Ddsf] ;Kt s0f{fnL
glbsf] jxfjn] $(,))) j=ls=dL= If]q cf]u6]sf] .
 g]kfnsf] hne08f/af6 *) nfv x]S6/ hldg l;rfO{ ug{ ;lsg] .
 g]kfndf s'n *% Ü hg;+VofnfO{ cfwf/e"t vfg]kfgL pknAw
u/fpg ;lsPsf] .
 ;xz|fAbL ljsf; nIocg';f/ ;g\ @)!% ;Dd d'n's &# k|ltzt hg;
+VofnfO{ vfg]kfgL ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] nIo lnO{Psf]
 g]kfndf !&,^^))) x]S6/ hldgdf l;rfO{ ;'ljwf k'u]sf] .
hn;Dkbfsf] dxTj - Importance fo water resources_
 lkpg] kfgL / l;rfO{sf] nflu .
 hnljB't pTkfbg ug{ .
 kmf]x/ d}nf jufP/ ;kmf ug{ Pj+ kfuf] df6f] yf]kf/]/ v]ltof]Uo
hldg jgfpg .
 df5f kfngsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ .
 If]lqo tyf cGt/fli6«o l;dfgfsf] ?kdf sfd ug{
 /oflkm\6ª ,kf}8L, jGhL, hlDkªsf] nflu .
 h}ljs ljljwtf / k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{sf] nflu .
 ;+f:s[lts Pj+ wfld{s b[li6n] cfjZos kg]{ .
 Hfnr/ ,ynr/ / peor/ ;j} k|sf/sf lhjhGt'sf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu .

!=* jg ;Dkbf M cj:yf / dxTj tyf jg ljgf;sf sf/0f / ;+/If0fsf pkfox?

jg ;Dkbfsf] cj:yf (Status Of Forest Resources)
 w}/} ?v, jf]6 lj?jf / afSnf] emf8L ePsf] If]q g} jg xf] .
 jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t' jg ;Dkbf xf] .
 jg ;DkbfnfO{ ;DklQsf] ?kdf lnO{G5 .
 g]kfndf pi0f k|b]zLo ;bfjxf/ h+un, ;dlztf]i0f ktem/
h+un, ;dlztf]i0f sf]0fwf/L h+un, n]sfnL jg:ktL / 6'G8«f
jg:ktL u/L % k|sf/sf jgh+un /x]sf] kfO{G5 .
 ;d'Gb|L ;tx b]vL !@)) ld6/ ;Ddsf] prfO{df pi0f k|b]zLo ;bfjxf/
h+un kfOG5 / t/fO{ efj/, b'g, r'/] kxf8 o; cGtu{t kg]{ Pj+
a9L aiff{ / tfks|dsf sf/0f ;fn, l;;f} / vo/ h:tf s8f hftsf ?vx?
kfO{g'sf] ;fy} u}+8f xfQL af3 cfbL kz' / cg]s k|sf/sf kG5Lx?
kfO{g] .
 !@)! ld6/ b]vL @!)) ld6/ ;Ddsf] prfO{df ;dlztf]i0f ktem/
h+un /x]sf] / lxFpbdf 708f / t'iff/f]sf sf/0f ?vsf kftx? emg]
{ Pj+ ;fn ;Nnf, s6';, cf]v/ / u'/fF;x? kfO{g'sf] ;fy} af3, efn',
xl/0f h:tf hgfj/x? /x]sf .
 @!)! ld6/ b]vL ##)) ld6/;Dd prfO{df ;dlztf]i0f sf]0fwf/L
h+un /x]sf] / aif}{ e/L 708f / a/fa/ lxdkft x'g] ePsfn] ?vsf
kftx? r'Rrf k/]sf Pj+ w'kL, ;Nnf], b]jbf/ h:tf jg:ktL kfO{g] .
 ##)! ld6/ b]vL %))) ld6/ ;Ddsf] prfO{df n]sfnL ag:ktL /x]sf]
/ 708f / z'is hnjfo' kfO{g], cUnf ?vx? geO{ emf8L h:tf ?vx?
/ h8La'6L kfO{g'sf] ;fy} ofs, gfp/, rf}/L, e]8f, RofFu|fsf]
r/gsf] nfuL pko'St 3fF;] d}bfg /x]sf] .
 %))) ld6/ eGbf dfyL 6'G8«f ag:ktL kfOg] / lxpFn] 9fsL/xg]
x'Fbf sfO{ / n]p kfO{g] Pj+ ?vx? gkfO{g] x'Fbf jg:ktL ljxLg
If]qsf] ?kdf /x]sf] .
 jg ;+/If0fsf] nfuL /fli6«o lgs'Gh tyf cf/Ifx?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .
 ;fd'bflos jgsf] cjwf/0ff NofO{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf dfkm{t
jgsf] ;+/If0f ul/Psf] .
 jg P]g, @)$( / /fli6«o lgs'Gh tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( /
h8La'6L Pj+ u}/sfi7 ljsf; gLlt, @)^) nfu' ul/Psf] .
 e'– tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f P]g, @)$( / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%$
nfu' .
 jg tyf e'–;+/If0f dGqfnon] jg If]qsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L
kfPsf] .
 s'n e'–efusf] #(=^Ü jg If]qn] cf]u6]sf] .
 sl/a !*,))) ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;d'x? /x]sf .
 @%Ü e'–efu l;d;f/ If]qn] cf]u6]sf] .
  /fi6«klt r'/] ;+/If0f sfo{s|d cf=j+= @)^&÷^* b]vL @^
lhNnfdf ;~rflnt .
 !% lhNnfdf jg If]q /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf nfu' .
 /fd;f/ ;"rLdf ( j6f If]q ;"rLs[t ePsf] .
jg ;Dkbfsf] dxTj (Importance of Forest Resources)
 jgaf6 3fF; bfp/f k'lt{ x'g' .
 kmnkm'n, sGbd'n, Rofp h8La'6L k|fKt x'g' .
 dfgj zl//sf nflu cfjZos clS;hg k|fKt x'g' .
 lgdf{0f ;fdu|L tyf kmlg{r/sf nfuL sf7 k|fKt x'g' .
 pBf]usf nflu sRrf kbfy{ k|fKt x'g' .
 h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ e'–Ifo lgoGq0f x'g' .
 k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{tfsf] sf/0fn] ko{6g Joj;fo ;+rfng x'g' .
 sf7 bfp/f h8La'6Laf6 /fhZj ;+sng x'g' .
 hn;DkbfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{ .
jg ljgf;sf sf/0fx? -Causes of Deforestation)
 c1fgtfsf / clzIff Pj+ ul/jL / a]/f]huf/L
 ckof{Kt sfg'gL Joj:yf Pj+ ePsf sfg'gsf] s8fO{sf ;fy sfof{Gjog
gx'g' .
 kxf8af6 t/fO{df clgolGqt a;fO{;/fO{
 jg ;+/If0f ;DalGw gful/sdf ;r]ttfsf] sdL .
 hnjfo' kl/jt{g .
 /fhgLlts cl:y/tf .
 cJojl:yt ko{6g ljsf; / zx/Ls/0f .
 k|fs[lts k|sf]kx? a9\g' .
 phf{ cfk'lt{sf] k|d'v ;|f]tsf] ?kdf bfp/f k|of]u ug'{ ,
 jgk}bfjf/ rf]/L lgsf;L lgoGq0f sdhf]/ x'g' .
 jg 89]nf] lgoGq0f gx'g' .
 clgolGqt r/L r/g sfod} /xg' .
 clgolGqt ?kdf hg;+Vof a[l4 x'g' .
jg ;+/If0fsf pkfox? (Measures of Forest Protection)
 jg ;+/If0fsf] nflu lbuf] ;f]rdf cfwfl/t :ki6 gLlt nfu' ug'{kg]{ .
 jg If]qsf] ;d:of / r'gf}tLnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .
 ax'd'No h8La'6Lsf] ;+/If0f ;Da4{g tyf lbuf] pkof]u ug]{ .
 jg ;+/If0fsf nfuL ;j{;fwf/sf] nflu hg r]tgf km}nfpg] .
 s8f sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f / k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
 vfnL 7fpFdf j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ .
 OGwgsf] ?kdf k|of]u x'g] bfp/fsf] ;6\6f ljB't, UofF;, uf]a/
UofF;sf] k|of]u ug]{ .
 hg;+Vof a[l4b/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ .
 jg If]qdf k|fKt j}b]lzs ;xof]u / :jb]zL nufgLsf] k'0f{ ?
kdf ;b'kof]u ug]{ .
 ;+/If0f If]q lgs'Gh / cf/Ifsf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 ug]{ .
 h}ljs ljljwtf / lbuf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] .
 cfunfuLaf6 ag hf]ufpg] / ag km8fgLdf /f]s nufpg] .
 ul/aL / a]/f]huf/LnfO{ ;/sf/n] 7f]; gLlt NofO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{
.
w}o{tfsf] nfuL wGojfb ...