UNIT 7: EDUCATION OPTIONS FOR SCHOOL-LEAVERS

VOCABULARY

1. Academic /,ækə'demik/(a):
 Academy /ə'kædəmi/ (n): học viện, Viện Hàn Lâm
2. Apprenticeship /ə'prentis∫ip/(n):
3. Baccalaureate /bækә’lɔ:riәt/ (n):
4. Higher education: = tertiary education
5. Bachelor’s degree /'bæt∫ələ[r]di'gri:/:
6. Master’s degree /'mɑ:stə[r] di'gri:/:
7. Doctorate /'dɒktərət/(n):
8. Vocational school (n):
9. Technical college:
10. Entrance exam (np):
11. Graduation /grædʒu'ei∫n/(n):
12. Degree /di’gri:/ (n):
13. Diploma /di’plәʊmә/(n):
14. Major /’meidʒәr/ (n):
15. Campus/’kæmpәs/ (n):
16. Scholarship /’skɔ:lәʃip/(n):
17. Formal /'fɔ:ml/ (a):
18. Undergraduate /^ndә’grædʒʊәt/(n):
 graduate /grædʒʊәt/(n): sinh viên đã tốt nghiệp
 graduate /'grædʒuət/ from: tốt nghiệp từ….
 postgraduate(n): nghiên cứu sinh (người đang học sau đại
học)
19. Brochure /'brəʊ∫ə[r]/(n):
20. Institution /,insti'tju:∫n/(n):
 institute /'institju:t/(n): học viện, viện
21. Manage /'mænidʒ/ (v):
 manage+ to Vb
22. Mechanic /mi'kænik/(n):
 Mechanical /mi'kænikl/(a): [thuộc] máy móc, [thuộc] cơ
khí
24. Qualification /kwɒlifi'kei∫n/ (n):
25. School-leaver (n):
26. Specific skills:
27. Hands-on /'hændsɒn/(a):
28. Mandatory/’mændәtәri/(a) =required (a) = obligatory (a) =
compulsory (a)
29. Eligible/’elidʒәbl/(a) for:
30. Enroll/in’rәʊl/(v):
31. CV /sivi/(n):
32. Accommodation/ә’kɔmә’deiʃn/(n):
33. Transcript /’trænskrip/(n):
34. Tuition /’tjʊ:iʃn/(n):
35. Tutor /’tjʊ:tәr/(n):
36. Formality /fɔ:'mæləti/(n):
# informal /in'fɔ:ml/ (a): Không chính thức
informality /,infɔ:'mæləti/(n): Sự không chính thức
37. Sixth-form college (n):
38. education fair /ˌedʒ.ʊˈkeɪ.ʃən feər/(n)
39.sensible /ˈsensəbl/ (adj)
40. pursue /pəˈsjuː/(v)
41. independently /ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dənt.li/(adv)
42. practical skill /ˈpræk.tɪ.kəl skɪl/ (n)

GRAMMAR
1. Chức năng:
 Là chủ ngữ của câu: Dancing bored him.
 Bổ ngữ của động từ: Her hobby is painting.
 Là bổ ngữ: Seeing is believing.
 Sau giới từ: He is interested in watching films on TV.
Sau một vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy………
2. Một số cách dùng đặc biệt:
A. Verb + V-ing: Danh động từ theo sau một số động từ:
Admit: thú nhận Anticipate: trông mong, mong đợi Avoid: tránh
Appreciate: tán thành Consider: xem xét Delay: hoãn lại
Defer: trì hoãn Deny: từ chối Detest: ghét
Dislike: không thích Dread: sợ Enjoy: thích thú
Escape: trốn thoát Excuse: thứ lỗi Fancy: đam mê
Finish: hoàn thành Forgive: tha thứ Like: thích
Love: yêu thích Imagine: tưởng tượng Involve: dính líu, liên quan
Keep: giữ, tiếp Mind: phiền Miss: lỡ, nhớ
Mention: đề cập Pardon: tha thứ, tha lỗi Prefer: thích
Prevent: ngăn ngừa Postpone: hoãn lại Practice: thực hành
Propose Quit: từ bỏ Recollect: nhớ lại
Resent: căm thù Recall: gợi nhớ/ recollect Resume: cho rằng
Resist: kháng cự, ngăn cản Risk : mạo hiểm Remember/ forget
Suggest: gợi ý Stop/ begin/ start Understand: hiểu
Discuss: thảo luận Hate: ghét
Ex: He admitted taking the money.
He detests writing letters.
He didn’t want to risk getting wet.
I can’t understand his/ him leaving his wife.
Chú ý: excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent không trực tiếp theo sau bởi danh động từ mà theo sau bởi:
Possessive adjective/ pronoun + danh động từ hoặc pronoun + preposition + danh động từ
Appreciate thường theo sau bởi tính từ sở hữu hoặc danh động từ ở dạng bị động
Ex: Forgive my/ me ringing you up so early.
Forgive me for ringing you up so early.
You can’t prevent his/ him spending his own money.
You can’t prevent him from spending his own money.
I appreciate your giving me o much of your time./ I appreciate being given this opportunity.
B. Common phrasal verbs + V-ing: (sau một số cụm động từ)
carry on, end up, give up, go round, keep on, put off, set about…
C. Expression + V-ing: Một số thành ngữ theo sau bởi V-ing
– have fun/ a good time + V-ing: vui vẻ …
– have trouble/ difficulty + V-ing:
– have a hard time/ difficult time + V-ing
– spend + time/ money + V-ing (present participle)
E.x: He spends 3 hours studying English every day.
– waste + time/money + V-ing:
– sit + Danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing: she sat at her desk writing a letter
– stand + danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing
– lie + danh từ nơi chốn + Ving
– can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand = can’t resist (không thể chịu được)
E.x: 1. I can’t bear hearing his lies.
2. I can’t stand seeing him here.
– It is no good / It is no use (vô ích / không có ích)
– There’s no point in …
– What’s the point of…
– to be busy: bận rộn
- to be worth
E.X: My mother is busy cooking in the kitchen.
E.x: This book is worth reading.
– be used to = get used to = be accustomed to: quen với
– S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing: thích làm gì hơn làm gì
= S + would rather Vinf than Vinf
D. Go + gerund để chỉ một hoạt động đặc biệt nào đó: (Present participle)
* Cụm giới từ theo sau bởi V-ing:
* Preposition +gerund (giới từ +gerund):
be interested in (thích thú) think about (nghĩ về) apologize for (xin lỗi về)
insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nói về) instead of (thay vì)
be accustomed to= be / get used to= be familiar with : quen /thích nghi với forward to ( mong đợi )
LANGUAGE
VOCABULARY
II. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1. More and more school-leavers are interested in specific trades, so they plan to go to (vocation)
________ schools.
2. Certain jobs require (high) ________ education at colleges or universities.
3. After his (graduate) ________ , my father started working for an NGO.
4. If you want to become a (profession) ________ cook, please apply for our cooking course.
5. My sister has spent months studying for her (enter) ________ exam into a famous university.
6. At present, our restaurant needs ten (apprentice) ________ now, so if you are interested, let us know
immediately.
7. During her college years, my mother (manage) ________ to study and do two part-time jobs at the
same time.

III. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words/phrases in the box.
brochure education fair academic education
vocational education qualification institution school-leaver
1. You don't really need ________ or qualifications in order to work as a shop assistant. You will just
need on-the-job training.
2. ________ is getting more and more popular these days because it is cheaper than higher education.
3. Many universities often organise ________ to help school students with their career orientation.
4. A lot of ________ still don't know what they want for their future careers.
5. Certain jobs require applicants a lot of ________ in order to be selected.
6. Here are ________ that provide information about our courses. Please take one.
7. These educational ________ provide more options for school-leavers.
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Our university has a fair selection procedure to all school-leavers to ensure that education
opportunities are for all.
A. equal B. flexible C. checked D. limited
2. Many universities are under pressure to trade off short-term benefits against long-term goals.
A. exchange B. buy C. sell D. balance
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. In our country, formal education is compulsory until students finish their lower-secondary school.
 A. received in a school B. institutional
C. receive through practical training D. local
2. An order came down from on high that school uniforms were to be compulsory on every weekday.
A. tall people B. unimportant people
C. short people D. people in senior positions

GRAMMAR
VI. Choose the correct options to complete the following sentences.
1. My mother admitted ________ .
A. not having paid much attention to our schooling
B. not to pay enough attention to our schooling
2. ________ helped me choose my education plan.
A. In order to talk with my parents and teachers
B. Having talked with my parents and teachers
3. My grandfather forgot ________ .
A. having told us his childhood stories many times
B. have told us his childhood stories many times
4. My mother regretted ________ .
A. not having chosen to become a maths teacher
B. not have chosen to become a maths teacher
5. ________ , he has limited choice of careers.
A. Not have finished primary school
B. Not having finished primary school
VII. Choose the best answer to complete each of the sentences.
1. My father was proud of ________ many beautiful places in Viet Nam.
A. having visited B. visited C. have visited D. has visited
2. She denied ________ her sister not to go to university.
A. to have told B. having told C. has told D. have told
3. My mother succeeded in ________ her parents to let her go to university.
A. has persuaded B. have persuaded
C. persuading D. having persuading
4. My mother didn't remember ________ me about her childhood dream.
A. tell B. told C. tells D. having told
5. ________ my parents for advice, my sister decided to go to a teacher training college after leaving
school.
A. Asking B. Asks C. Having asked D. Asked
VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
1. Not have revised carefully for the exams, my brother didn't get good results.
A B C D
2. Not having check his essay for grammar and spelling mistakes, he didn't get a high mark.
A B C D
3. My grandfather is always proud of having study at a famous upper-secondary school.
A B C D
4. My father didn't remember having asking my friends so many personal questions.
A B C D
5. My aunt regretted not having choose to study at a vocational school as suggested by her teacher.
A B C D

SKILLS
READING
I. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best
fits each of the numbered blanks.
Vocational Education and Training (VET) (1) ________ people with the workplace skills and technical
knowledge they need to meet current and future (2) ________ demands. Put simply, VET is skill-based
education and training.
VET is the education option that offers a(n) (3) ________ alternative to university through standalone
qualifications. It also gives you apprenticeships and traineeships that let you learn in the workplace while
in paid employment.
There are VET courses for all occupations reporting a shortage of labour. In today's competitive job (4)
________ , it's important for you to have the right technical skills and qualifications. A practical approach
to (5) ________ prepares you for the real world.
(Adapted from education.nsw.gov.au)
1. A. provides B. asks C. increases D. realises
2. A. opportunity B. employment C. advantage D. knowledge
3. A. educational B. challenging C. practical D. difficult
4. A. supermarket B. shop C. store D. market
5. A. education B. participation C. school D. qualification

II. Read the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
Language and cultural barriers facing international students
International students face a lot of academic concerns as well as cultural and language barriers,
especially during their first few months. Academics, in particular, is bound to suffer unless students are
comfortable with the language and cultural context. Foreign students who are not proficient in English are
usually offered assistance through additional language courses, but often the structure of these lessons is
not designed to deal with the academic requirements.
 In a survey of international students in the U.K., 50% experienced difficulty in meeting the required
standard of English to follow their courses. Meanwhile, 43% said their overall education and grades were
affected by language barriers and 30% of students had to switch from their main courses to English
language courses. Cultural barriers also made a negative impact on students' abilities to develop
academics and language. The same survey reported that 17% of students said cultural differences did not
affect their education compared to 40% who said they were very much affected by the difference
(Bukhari, 2015).
(Source: https://research.com/education/studying-abroad)
1. Language barrier is the only problem facing international students. ___________
2. The provided language courses help students deal with the academic ___________
requirements.
3. Half of international students in a survey struggled to meet the required ___________
standard of English.
4. Nearly forty percent of surveyed students' overall education and grades ___________
were affected by language barriers.
5. Students' abilities to develop academics and language were negatively ___________
influenced by cultural barriers.
III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, or C to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
The job market is extremely competitive and skilled employees are high in demand. In fact, degrees
are required for a wide range of careers such as Medicine and Education. A university education will help
young people succeed in today's workforce and establish an enjoyable career of their choice.
University education helps you improve prospects for life. University graduates gain professional
qualifications that are recognised and respected worldwide. Besides, they are offered higher pay and
greater financial stability. In addition, they are also given the option to fast-track their career with
graduate study.
University education also helps students learn and discover. It exposes students to new research and
technology. Studying at university encourages creative and independent thought as well. And university
life exposes students to other cultures and backgrounds through training activities, such as student
exchange programmes.
Studying at university, students conquer intellectual challenges and develop a sense of achievement.
University builds initiative and leadership skills that can be used for life. That is why university education
has always been in many school-leavers' plan after school.
(Source: adapted from https://www.monash.edu/study/)
1. This passage is mainly about ________ .
A. The benefits of university education
B. The challenges facing the job market
C. The expensive cost of university education
2. Why are Medicine and Education used in Paragraph 1?
A. To show that the job market is very competitive
 B. To give examples of the careers that require a university degree
C. To give examples of successful careers in our competitive job market
3. Why is Besides used in paragraph 2?
A. To compare with the previous point
B. To give an additional example
C. To provide another point
4. The word It in paragraph 3 refers to ________ .
A. university education
B. research and technology
C. independent thought
5. The word conquer in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________ .
A. want to achieve
B. succeed in dealing with
C. avoid talking about
SPEAKING
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best completes each of the following
exchanges.
1. Tom: Mrs Hoa, ________ tomorrow morning? I would like your advice on my options after leaving
school.
Mrs Hoa: Sorry, I have classes tomorrow morning. But I'm free in the afternoon.
A. could I meet you B. will I meet you
C. do I meet you D. do you want to meet me
2. Mr Kien: I'm sorry, I can't meet you this Saturday, Lan. Another time, perhaps?
Lan: Would this Sunday ________ , Mr Kien?
A. work well B. suit you C. do good D. have time
V. Complete the dialogue, using the phrases from the box.
A. I'll see you this Sunday at around 2 p.m.
B. When's convenient for you?
C. I'm afraid I can't make it at that time.
Mark: Mr Quang, I'd like to make an appointment with you about our group project. (1)________
Mr Quang : I'm quite busy this week. Are you free on Saturday morning?
Mark: (2) ________ Would Sunday afternoon be OK for you?
Mr Quang : Sounds good. (3) ________

WRITING
VI. Choose the sentence that has the closest meaning to the given sentence.
1. Having visited the education fair helped me know more education options for school-leavers.
A. I know more education options because I have visited the education fair.
 B. I know more education options before I visited the education job fair.
C. Before visiting the education fair, I have visited many other job fairs.
D. Although I have visited the education fair, I already know more about education options.
2. My father was proud of having studied at a top university in Viet Nam.
A. My father took no pride in having studied at a top university in Viet Nam.
B. Having studied at a top university in Viet Nam made my father proud.
C. My father was made to be proud of his top university in Viet Nam.
D. Being proud of Viet Nam, my father had studied at a top university.
3. Having asked his parents for advice, Lam decided to go to a vocational school.
A. Before asking his parents for advice, Lam didn't want to go to a university.
B. Without asking for anyone's advice, Lam's parents forced him to go to a vocational school.
C. Lam decided to go to a vocational school after he had asked his parents for advice.
D. Lam decided to go to a vocational school despite his parents' objection.
4. Having studied the available courses, Lan decided to register for the cooking course.
A. The cooking course wasn't the one that attracted Lan's attention after having studied the courses.
B. Without having studied the courses carefully, Lan decided to register for the cooking course.
C. Lan registered for the cooking course because it has been studied carefully.
D. After having studied the available courses, Lan made up her mind to choose the cooking course.
5. Not having asked anyone for advice, my brother made a wrong choice in his higher education.
A. My brother made a wrong choice in his higher education because he didn't ask anyone for advice.
B. Even though my brother asked everyone for advice, he still made a wrong decision in his higher
education.
C. My brother made a wrong choice in his higher education, so he didn't ask anyone for advice.
D. My brother didn't ask anyone for advice because he made a wrong choice in his higher education.
6. My mother regretted not having taken the entrance exam into a teacher training college.
A. Not having taken the entrance exam into a teacher training college wasn't my mother's choice.
B. My mother felt regretful because she hadn't taken the entrance exam into a teacher training college.
C. Having taken the entrance exam into a teacher training college made my mother regretful.
D. Feeling regretful, my mother took the entrance exam into a teacher training college.
7. Having considered things carefully, my grandmother didn't make any wrong decisions in her life.
A. Although my grandmother had considered things carefully, she still made a lot of wrong decisions
in her life.
B. My grandmother considered things carefully because she had made a lot of wrong decisions in her
life.
C. My grandmother didn't make any wrong decisions in her life because she had considered things
carefully.
D. Due to her careful considerations, my grandmother didn't make many wrong decisions in her life.
B. Vocabulary
• Words and phrases related to education after leaving school
I. Complete the sentences with the words given.
practical scholarships trade qualifications apprenticeship
degree institutions training undergraduate vocational
1. I want to get the _________________ so that I can become a doctor.
2. For many jobs you need to have a university _________________.
3. He supported better _________________ education, saying many students were not interested in
academic courses.
4. You have to gain _________________ experience before you become a lawyer.
5. After graduating from high school, I’ll enter the _________________ level at college to get the first
degree.
6. A small group would receive intensive _________________, and then would train others.
7. We’re very proud of the five students from this school who were awarded _________________.
8. The university’s exchange scheme has cemented its links with many other academic
_________________.
9. My grandfather was a plumber by _________________.
10. His father believed that if he got a(n) _________________ to a proper trade he’d be financially
secure for life.
II. Match the forms of further education institutions in Britain and their descriptions, and then write
the answer in each blank.
1. Schools A. They offer courses and qualifications in a wide range of
vocational and academic subjects at many levels. They often
have links with companies.
2. Sixth form colleges B. They mainly offer higher education courses, but many also
offer a range of further education courses.
3. Further and higher C. The UK offers a wide range of work-based training for
education colleges students seeking to build careers in specific industries. Private
training companies work with colleges and employers to
 provide practical training and internationally-respected
qualifications.
4. Private training D. They offer further education qualifications such as the A-
providers levels, the IB, and vocational qualifications.
5. Universities E. These colleges mainly cater for students aged 16-18 and
specialise in academic courses to prepare students for higher
education.
III. Fill in each blank in the following sentences with the correct word below.
experience degree institutions scholarship compulsory
qualifications reports campus academic counsellor
1. She wasn’t _________________ and hated school.
2. In the USA, private colleges and universities are usually smaller than public _________________.
3. A Bachelor’s degree is usually _________________ for higher-level positions.
4. Just like American students, you will have to submit your academic _________________ as part of
your application for admission to any American university or college.
5. A _________________ provides you with information, advice and support with your application.
6. They will participate in workshops and get hands-on _________________ leading classes.
7. A foreign student can apply directly to an American university for aid, a _________________ or work-
study option.
8. International Baccalaureate (IB) and other international _________________ taught at International
Schools in Viet Nam are equivalent to A-levels.
9. On _________________, students usually live in residence halls or dormitories that are often called
dorms”.
10. A major at university is the specific field of study in which your _________________ is focused.
IV. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct words below.
requirement prepare academic year pursue proceed
lasts undertake pre-university compulsory degrees

Education in Singapore is 1 _________________ for ten years, although university bound students study
for thirteen. Classes are taught in English and the 2 _________________ runs from July to April.
Primary and secondary education 3 _________________ for ten years and is compulsory. At the end of
4
Grade 10, students sit the GCE O-level examinations. Students who complete secondary education may
_________________ to pre-university education at the Junior Colleges, 5 _________________ certificate
or diploma studies at one of the Polytechnics, or leave school and enter the workforce. In the
Singaporean education system, 6 _________________ education lasts for three years. These three years
will 7 _________________ students for the GCE A-level examinations.
8
Upon completion of GCE A-levels, students may _________________ a bachelor’s degree at one of
9
Singapore’s public or private universities, which is obtained after three to five years of study. Bachelor’s
_________________ in Engineering, Dentistry, Law, Building, Real Estate, Music and Architecture require
10
four years, while Medicine requires five. The minimum English _________________ for entry to a
bachelor’s degree is IELTS 6.0 or equivalent.
 Prepositions
V. Complete each sentence with the correct preposition.
1. She applied _________________ a job with the local newspaper.
2. His height and reach give him a big advantage _________________ other boxers.
3. Farming is not an attractive career option _________________ many young people.
4. It is hard for low-skilled workers to earn their way out of poverty _________________ a tough job
market that favours skilled and educated workers.
5. She would be their first choice _________________ the job.
6. She received an honourary degree _________________ Harvard.
7. It may be necessary _________________ him to have a training course for the job.
8. She related rising unemployment rates directly _________________ government policies.
9. What are your plans _________________ this weekend?
10. Many young people want to get _________________ advertising or public relations.

D. Reading
IV. Read the text about the IB and A-level programmes, and then decide whether the statements are
true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
Students in Singapore have the option of sitting for the Singapore-Cambridge A-level exam, which is a
different version of the international A-level examination. Has the International Baccalaureate (IB)
better than the A-levels in terms of preparing a student to enter a recognized and prestigious university?
It really depends on the student’s academic strengths. The IB is more about a comprehensive
educational style, while the A-levels puts more emphasis on individual subject knowledge. An IB student
must take six subjects, three at higher level and three at standard, which must include maths, a science,
English, and at least one foreign language, while A-levels with three subjects studied in depth. So, if
words aren’t the student’s strength, then the language component of the IB (including the compulsory
4000-word essay) may pull the student’s overall IB score down.
On the other hand, if the student is well-rounded and copes confidently with Arts subjects as well as
Maths and Science, then the IB programme may be ideal for the learner. Experts believe the A-levels
give a student depth of knowledge, while the IB gives a broad education. They also believe that the IB
may prepare a child better for facing the challenges of a university education.
If parents wonder if the IB would suit their child, they should talk to the teachers and their child before
coming to an educated and well-informed decision.
1. The Singapore-Cambridge A-level exam is conducted based on the international A-level examination.
__________
2. The IB is more suitable for all-around students, while the A-levels focus more on a particular field.
__________
3. The IB programme includes six subjects at international levels. __________
4. A student who is not very good at language write another document instead of the 4000- word essay.
__________
5. A-levels help students study three science subjects in depth.
6. The IB programme may be ideal for the learner who is good at both Arts subjects and Science
subjects. __________
7. The IB is not suitable for students who may meet some challenges at the university environment.
__________
8. Parents and teachers can decide whether the student should follow the IB or not. __________
V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
Like any other universities, the Open University can give you a degree. However, you don’t have to
1
____________ working to study. It can also open up a whole variety 2 ____________ interest. If you
have 3 ____________ studied before, you will enjoy the special, new pleasure of 4 ____________ your
5 6
knowledge. You will make friends of ____________ kinds. You may also ____________ that your
qualification provides new career opportunities.
7
You don’t actually ____________ to the Open University for lectures, but study at home, using
television, radio and computer software. You can 8 ____________ one class a month if you wish at an
9
Open University centre. Of course, there are exams to take, as in ____________ university. If you
10
____________ like to know more, all you have to do is complete the form below. It could be the start
of a wonderful new period in your life.
1. A. stop B. end C. break D. leave
2. A. from B. of C. in D. for
3. A. ever B. never C. often D. always
4. A. growing B. changing C. adding D. increasing
5. A. all B. each C. both D. every
6. A. suggest B. find C. wish D. want
7. A. join B. enter C. arrive D. go
8. A. give B. learn C. attend D. study
9. A. any B. some C. many D. most
10. A. did B. will C. would D. can
VI. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

British further education qualifications are respected by employers and academics worldwide. There are
two main types: academic courses, and vocational and professional courses. Academic courses help you
prepare for higher education at a university or college. They aim to develop your analytical skills, critical
thinking and knowledge. Vocational and professional courses give you the skills and qualifications you
need to enter and succeed in your chosen career. They offer technical training and skills for the
workplace.
British further education providers invest heavily in facilities — from libraries, computer centres and
science laboratories to sports centres, theatres and arts studios. Class sizes are restricted to ensure that
you have
access to equipment and enough time to talk to your tutors and lecturers.
British qualifications are a great boost to your CV and to your earnings. Employers are increasingly
looking for graduates with multicultural experience. Moreover, British colleges and universities have
strong links with industry — many courses are designed in partnership with, and taught by, industry
professionals. Many include the option of a year in industry or a work placement, giving you real
professional experience.
English is widely regarded as the language of business. Studying in the UK helps you learn the language
quickly, through your studies, friends and everyday life. If you need any additional support, there are
lots of English language classes across the UK.
The UK is a truly multicultural society, with a wonderful mix of people from many different backgrounds.
As a student, you'll get to know people from all over the world and be inspired by many cultures. Many
colleges have international offices and advisers to ensure you feel welcome and are supported
throughout your time in British further education.
1. Higher education in the UK requires ____________.
A. technical training and working skills
B. analytical skills, critical thinking and knowledge
C. vocational and professional courses
D. academic courses at a university or college
2. British further education offers facilities in several fields EXCEPT ____________.
A. sports training B. entertainment
C. information technology D. engineering workshop
3. British further education can give you advantages of getting a job because ____________.
A. you are taught by industrial professors
B. you know how to boost your CV and earn high salaries
C. you can get real multicultural and professional experience
D. you can follow both academic courses, and vocational courses
4. Following further education in the UK helps you improve your English quickly because ____________.
A. it is used in several life aspects
B. it is used in the business of languages
C. you can speak it at lots of English language classes
D. you need much additional support
5. As a foreign student, you can get involved in social activities quickly because ____________.
A. you can get support about British further education
B. Britain is a multicultural society with much support from colleges
C. the UK has a wonderful mix of different peoples from all over the world
D. you can enjoy your time in British further education

TEST 1 (UNIT 7)
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. academic B. bachelor C. exam D. format
2. A. vocational B. professional C. doctorate D. provide
3. A. chemist B. bachelor C. mechanic D. architect
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
4. A. university B. educational C. qualification D. independently
5. A. apprenticeship B. academic C. institution D. systematic
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
6. Further education courses are usually described as either _____________ or vocational.
A. academic B. practical C. learning D. technical
7. It is clear from these figures that only a minority of older people participate in formal learning, and
that even fewer engage in _____________ education.
A. high B. higher C. early D. physical
8. He argued for better vocational education, saying many students were not interested in
_____________ courses.
A. studying B. theory C. school D. academic
9. The Swedes regard _____________ training as a part of a young person’s education.
A. work B. occupation C. vocation D. vocational
10. As well as studying on _____________ in the UK, you can also choose to study outside the UK - for
example by distance learning.
A. campus B. accommodation C. building D. dormitory
11. The teachers at Edinburgh College encourage students to _____________ with others, experiment
with arts and find their own ideas.
A. help B. improve C. involve D. collaborate
12. University _____________ in Viet Nam can decide their own criteria for enrolling international
students.
A. principals B. rectors C. headmaster D. managers
13. Humans do harm to the environment by _____________ atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration
by a third since the Industrial Revolution began.
A. increasing B. having increased
C. having been increased D. being increased
14. _____________ the desalination plant, the company could offer an effective solution to the problem
of water scarcity.
A. To build B. Having built C. Being built D. Having been built
15. The public praised the local farmers for _____________ millions of trees on the surrounding hills.
A. plant B. being planted C. being planting D. having planted
IV. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word below. There are three extra words.
hornour state speech education
completion stage courses graduation

16
Upon satisfactory _____________ of the 12th grade, a student graduates and receives a high school
diploma. In the US, students graduate from high school, junior high school, elementary school and even
17
nursery school. At high schools, there are ceremonies to celebrate _____________ with caps, gowns,
diplomas, and speeches by staff and students.
Graduation ceremonies are often called ‘commencement’, because it marks the start of a new
18
_____________ in a student’s life. Americans are enthusiastic about ‘life cycle events’ or milestones
19
and graduations are a time of great celebration of students. It’s a particular _____________ for a
student(usually the top student) to be chosen as the ‘valedictorian’, who gives the farewell
20
_____________ at the graduation ceremony.
V. Combine the following sentences by completing the second sentences and using perfect gerunds.
21. The world’s largest IT companies have powered their operations with 100 percent renewable
energy. We admire them for that.
 We admire
22. Greenpeace had supplied all public school districts with 100 percent renewable energy. Local
communities in North Carolina thanked the organization for that.
 Local communities in North Carolina
23. Salinity of water had caused significant damage to the crops and livestock in Ben Tre. Local people in
Ben Tre blamed it for that damage.
 Local people in Ben Tre
24. Mary installed a wind turbine to provide energy for all lights and air-conditioners in the home. She
remembers that.
 Mary remembers
25. The burning of fossil fuels and other human activities has increased average global temperatures by
0.8 degree centigrade over the past 100 years. Scientists accuse it for that.
 Scientists accuse
VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
Further education in Britain means education after GCSE exams 26 _____________ around the age of 16.
27
It includes courses of study _____________ to A-levels which students do at their school or college.
28 29
Some students go _____________ to a college of further education which _____________ a wide
30
range of full or part-time courses. Further education also includes training for professional
 31
_____________ in nursing, accountancy, and management and in _____________ such as arts and
music. The term 32 _____________ education is used to refer to degree courses at universities.
33
The British government is keen to _____________ more young people to remain in education as
34 35
_____________ as possible in order to build up a more highly _____________, better educated
workforce.
26. A. taken B. madeC. performedD. participated
27. A. led B. linked C. leading D. linking
28. A. ahead B. right C. straight D. forward
29. A. gives B. offers C. supports D. presents
30. A. degree B. diploma C. certificate D. qualifications
31. A. skills B. fields C. topics D. respects
32. A. high B. tertiary C. secondary D. main
33. A. ask B. make C. remind D. inquire
34. A. soon B. long C. well D. much
35. A. skilled B. valued C. devoted D. talented
VII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
If you want to go to a university, you usually apply during your last year at school, when you are 17-18.
You can apply to study at any university in Britain and most people choose a university that is not in
their own town. So, university students usually live away from home. Students get a grant from the
government to study. At the beginning of your last year at school, you receive an application form. On
this form you choose up to five universities that you would like to go to. The form is sent to those
universities with information from your school about you and your academic record. If the universities
are interested in your application, they will ask you to attend an interview. If they are still interested
after the interview, they will offer you a place.
Any offer, however, is only conditional at this stage. Applications and interviews take place several
months before students do their A-level examinations. These are the exams that you do at the end of
your time at school. So, when a university makes an offer, it will tell you the minimum grades that you
will have to get when you do your A-level exams. If you don’t obtain those grades, then, you will not be
able to get the place. It will be offered to someone else, and you must apply again to another university.
You don’t have to accept your place immediately. Some students don’t want to go straight from school
to university. So, after they have taken their A-level, they take a year out to work or travel.
36. The main idea of the passage is _____________.
A. how to be accepted to a university
B. how to take an A-level examination
C. studying at a university
D. what to do after leaving school
37. The maximum number of universities that a student can apply for is _____________.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
38. If the university is interested in the application, _____________.
A. the student will be offered a place
B. the student will have to attend an interview
C. the student will go straight to the university
D. the student will take an A-level examination
39. Students do their A-level examination _____________.
A. at the beginning of their last year at school
B. before they send the application forms to the universities
C. at the end of their time at school
D. right after they receive an application form
40. If the student’s score is below the minimum grades announced by the university, _____________.
A. the place will be offered to someone else
B. he must take a year out
C. he mustn’t apply to any other university
D. he will be able to get the place

TEST 2 (UNIT 7)
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. hands-on B. graduation C. salary D. qualification
2. A. entrance B. professional C. mechanic D. apprenticeship
3. A. decision B. business C. sensible D. skill
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
4. A. doctorate B. specific C. technical D. practical
5. A.secondary B. management C. bachelor D. apprentice
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
6. At most institutions in the UK, the ______________ starts in September or October and runs until
June or July.
A. calendar year B. academic year C. leap year D. gap year
7. Further and higher education colleges offer courses and qualifications in a wide range of vocational
and academic subjects at many ______________.
A. standards B. qualities C. levels D. positions
8. The UK offers a wide range of work-based ______________ for students seeking to build careers in
specific industries.
A. learning B. training C. exercising D. competition
9. A Bachelor’s degree is also known as a(n) ______________ university degree or an undergraduate
degree.
A. first B. major C. main D. ordinary
10. They are considering the problem of rising unemployment among ______________.
A. school-leavers B. school goers C. schoolmates D. schoolkids
11. Nursing is hard work and often low paid, but for many people it is a(n) ______________.
A. work B. employment C. vocation D. opportunity
12. On, Hoa became an art teacher.
A. ceremony B. completion C. finish D. graduation
13. ______________ trees around the house on the south and west sides, they can save up to about
$250 a year on cooling and heating.
A. To plant B. To have planted C. Having planted D. Being planted
14. We admired the Japanese ______________ the city of Fukushima after the disaster.
A. to rebuild B. of having rebuilt C. to being rebuilt D. for having rebuilt
15. They don’t forget ______________ a short vacation in Cue Phuong National Park last year.
A. to spend B. having spent C. being spent D. having been spent
IV. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word below. There are three extra words.
level degree cooperation needs
semester institutions qualifications benefit
The Vietnamese-German University (VGU) is a Vietnamese state university. Founded in 2008, VGU is
based on a close 16 ______________ between Viet Nam and Germany. Being a joint effort of Vietnamese
and German 17 ______________, the university follows the successful German model and standards.
VGU's strategy is to import excellent German study programmes, taken from the strongest engineering
18
areas of Germany and customize them to the ______________ of Vietnamese higher education. After
19
a successful study, students receive a German university ______________, providing them with best
opportunities on the job market.
Studying at VGU is a gateway to Germany. VGU offers the opportunity to study at German universities
for one 20 ______________ or to continue with postgraduate programmes.
V. Combine the following sentences by completing the second sentences and using perfect gerunds.
21. They have been unprepared for sudden floods last year. They remember that.
 They remember
22. The US government had provided insufficient supplies for the flood victims. Local communities in
New Orleans criticized the US government for that.
 Local communities in New Orleans
23. Deforestation and overflowing dams have caused worse floods and storms in recent years. Local
people in Quang Tri Province blame them for that.
 Local people in Quang Tri Province
24. The US government caused various diseases and birth defects in Viet Nam with Agent Orange. But
the US government denies that.
 The US government denies
25. It was said that he had pumped salty water into the fields illegally. And he admitted that.
 He admitted
VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
In the USA, further education generally refers to education undertaken by adults of all ages after leaving
26
full-time study. It doesn’t include degree courses ______________ at college or university directly
after leaving high school, which come under 27 ______________ education.
Further education includes everything from basic reading and writing skills for the illiterate to full-time
professional and doctorate degrees at university. On many university 28 ______________, more students
are enrolled in further education courses than in 29 ______________ degree programmes.
Often adult education students don’t need to be high school or college graduates or take any tests or
30
interviews, and they’re generally ______________ on a first-come, first-served basis. A high school
diploma is 31 ______________ for some courses, although General Educational Development (GED) tests
allow students to 32 ______________ a high school equivalency diploma.
Adult education courses may be full-time or part-time and are provided by two and four- year colleges,
universities, community colleges, 33 ______________ schools, and elementary and high schools. Courses
are also provided by private community organizations, government 34 ______________, and job training
centres. More and more adult education programmes are becoming 35 ______________ on the Internet,
including courses which offer university or continuing education credits for completion.
26. A. gone B. brought C. taken D. set
27. A. higher B. further C. high D. secondary
28. A. areas B. grounds C. yards D. campuses
29. A. frequent B. regular C. usual D. permanent
30. A. accepted B. agreed C. admitted D. received
31. A. permitted B. brought C. requested D. required
32. A. earn B. show C. manage D. make
33. A. technique B. technology C. technician D. technical
34. A. businesses B. organizations C. agencies D. companies
35. A. capable B. available C. visible D. possible
VII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Distant education is a rapidly developing approach to instructions throughout the business. The
approach has been widely used by business, industrial, and medical organizations. For many years,
doctors, veterinarians, pharmacists, engineers, and lawyers have used it to continue their professional
education. Recently, academic instructions have been using distant education to reach a more diverse
and geographically disperse audience not accessible through traditional classroom instructions.
The distinguishing characteristic of distant education is the separation of the instructor and students
during the learning process. The communication of the subject matter is primarily to individuals rather
than groups. Therefore, the course content must be delivered by instructional media.
The media may be primarily printed, as in the case of traditional correspondence course.
Audiocassettes, videotapes, videodiscs, computer-based instructions, and interactive video courses can
be sent to individual students. In addition, radio, broadcast television, telelectures, and teleconferences
are utilized for “live” distant education. The latter two delivery systems allow for interactive instructions
between the instructor and students.
36. “Distant education is a rapidly developing approach to instructions throughout the business” means
______________.
A. distant education is a form of the on-the-job business training
B. distant education develops rapidly into an approach to give instructions throughout business
C. on-the-job training is rapidly developed for business students
D. distant education is another form of traditional classroom instructions throughout business
37. The individuals who take part in distant education are often ______________.
A. too busy to participate in the evening classes
B. unable to access classroom-based education
C. able to participate in classroom-based in their free time
D. too busy to participate computer-based education
38. The striking characteristic of distant education is that ______________.
A. the instructors and their students are separated during the training
B. the instructors shouldn’t meet their students during the training
C. the cooperation between the instructor and the students during the learning process is face-to-face
communication
D. the instructor has no contact with the students during the learning process
39. The course content must be delivered ______________.
A. by express mail
B. by traveling a long distance of the instructor
C. by using instructional media
D. by any means of communication
40. Telelectures and teleconferences allow for ______________.
A. no interactive instruction between the instructor and students
B. one-way instruction between the instructor and students
C. traditional correspondence course delivered by instructional media
D. interactive instructions between the instructor and students