climate factor

Student: Rama moustafa

Arch: Sohaib Abu Hazim
Why Climate Analysis is Crucial in
Architectural Design ?
Introduction:
in Architectural design plays a critical role in shaping our built
environment, influencing how we live, work, and interact with the
world around us. Climate analysis is an essential component of
architectural design, as it helps designers understand the local
climate and its impact on buildings.
(Pritzker-winning architect Glenn Murcutt has been known for
camping out at a site before starting the design to understand its
climate — a feat not all architects have the time to accomplish)
 Climate Factors- Concerning site
3. Land Water relationship
1.Latitude 2. Altitude

4. Terrain - Mountain Barriers 5. Ocean Currents

 What is climate analysis in
architectural design?
Climate analysis in architectural design refers to the process of studying
the local climate of a building site to understand its temperature,
humidity, wind patterns, precipitation, and other weather-related factors.
The purpose of climate analysis is to inform the design process by
providing data that can help architects create buildings that are
optimized for their specific climate conditions.
Climate analysis in architectural design refers to the process of studying
the local climate of a building site to understand its temperature,
humidity, wind patterns, precipitation, and other weather-related factors.
The purpose of climate analysis is to inform the design process by
providing data that can help architects create buildings that are
optimized for their specific climate conditions.
The importance of
climate factor
 Climate factor helps in creating sustainable buildings in
several ways
it allows architects to design buildings that respond to their
local climate, reducing the need for energy-intensive heating
and cooling systems.
For example, in hot climates, architects may design buildings
with shading devices or passive cooling systems to reduce the
need for air conditioning
In colder climates, architects may design buildings with
passive solar heating systems or high levels of insulation to
reduce the need for heating
 climate factor helps architects choose the most appropriate
building materials for a specific climate. For example, in
humid climates, architects may select materials that are
resistant to moisture and mold growth. In areas prone
to hurricanes or earthquakes, architects may choose materials
that are more durable and resistant to extreme weather events.
 climate analysis helps architects choose the most appropriate
building materials for a specific climate. For example, in humid
climates, architects may select materials that are resistant to moisture
and mold growth. In areas prone
to hurricanes or earthquakes, architects may choose materials that are
more durable and resistant to extreme weather events.
Why Need Climate Study?
natural ventilation
With a severe climate crisis on the rise, we need to make sure our
designs don't contribute to it further. Building design that considers
the local climate:

o helps reduce the environmental impact of construction and

operation.
o is better equipped to withstand extreme weather. proper insulation
o optimize energy use by incorporating features like proper
insulation, passive solar design, and natural ventilation.
o lead to significant cost savings due to reduced energy
consumption and maintenance.

passive solar design

Simple Method to Do
Climate Analysis
 Climate Analysis
Step-by-Step
o Identify the climatic zone of your site/city
o Download your site's climate file
o Find out the different season and their months
o Generate and analyze sun path diagram
o Study wind patterns for each month
o Study precipitation data
o Identify factors contributing to comfort
o Propose strategies based on your study
There are the following
factors present in any
climate significantly:
Elements
 Degree Days
Temperature Degree days are temperature
past a threshold, multiplied by
time
Temperature varies To get a sense for the heating
throughout the day and and cooling requirements for
throughout the year and is your building site, a comfortable
the most obvious metric to temperature range needs to be
consider for passive heating set. This range, often referred to
and cooling design. as the “comfort zone,” can then
be compared to the building
Two basic aspects of site’s actual temperatures over
temperature are dry bulb time. When the site’s
temperature and wet bulb temperature is outside of the
temperature. From these comfort zone, it is measured in
metrics, you can learn about heating or cooling “degree
both the air temperature and days.”
the humidity.
 Solar At any given point
Position on the sun’s path its
height in the sky is
he earth movement around the sun called its altitude
generates sun paths that varied
through the day and the year, and it is Stereographic sun path
one of most crucial environmental diagrams are used to read the and its horizontal
factors to understand when designing solar azimuth and altitude
throughout the day and year for
angle relative to
high performance buildings. a given position on the earth true north is called
(with a 180° fish-eye lens) its azimuth.
If you design your building with careful
consideration of the sun’s path, you
can take advantage of strategies such
as natural daylighting, passive heating, Summer Sun path
PV energy generation and even natural Azimuth is the horizontal angle between
ventilation. However, if you are not the sun and true north (–180° < azi <
careful, these same opportunities can Winter Sun path
180°, positive in a clockwise direction
work against you, producing glare or
overheating. from north)

Altitude is the vertical angle the sun

The Sun at Noon
makes with the ground plane (0° < alt <
90°).
  humidity can also affect other
sustainable design factors, such as
the design of the building envelope.
 By understanding the humidity ratio
of an air stream, we can identify at
Humidity what temperature water will
condensate (also known as the dew
point).
Humidity can be just as important as  With this knowledge so we can
temperature for human comfort. Too prevent issues such as mold and
much humidity can amplify the heat decreased insulation performance
and make it feel “muggy”, while not
with the proper placement of a vapor
and water barriers in exterior walls
enough humidity can be uncomfortably and roofs. A good resource for
dry. comprehending the interactions
between temperature, relative
Warm air can hold more moisture than
humidity, and dew point can be
found at Dew Point Calculator
cold air can, but people don't perceive
the absolute number of water
molecules in the air (absolute humidity
which is measured as density), they This graph of temperature bins compares wet bulb and dry
perceive relative humidity which is bulb temperatures and helps understand humidity.
represented as a percentage of water
vapor in the air. The larger the difference between the dry and wet bulb
temperatures, the drier the air and the lower the relative
humidity is. You can see that Copenhagen is relatively humid
because the temperature bins are roughly the same size and
distribution for wet and dry bulb temperature.
 Precipitation changes
over urban areas and for
surrounding landscape

Precipitation
Precipitation is a relevant climatic
variable for building and urban  he amount of annual rainfall that a site generally receives will
design in hot climates, because of give you an idea about the precipitation, which is expected
throughout the year. It is also important to study the natural
its potential to naturally mitigate flow of water and existing storm water drainage including
heat excess in buildings and cities upper catchment contributory flow to the site.
by evaporative cooling; and as a  During the site visit, a site analyzer also needs to identify
primary source of water to water bodies like ponds, rivers, lakes, etc. and their location
near the site. The size of the water body should be considered,
artificially reproduce this cooling because it may reduce the overall temperature of the area.
mechanism, particularly in the Water table should also be considered while getting the site
analysis done.
humid tropics and subtropics
 If your site is positioned near a water body, the water table
may look shallow by its data interpretation. Shallow water
table can affect the stability of the foundation and may create
construction problems, particularly of foundations.
 As an asset, wind can help facilitate
natural ventilation and passively
increase occupant comfort – think of a

Wind
nice breeze on a hot day. The wind can
also be harnessed to generate electricity
Wind provides natural ventilation and via windmills, although this is typically
usually cools buildings and people not as efficient as solar energy for small
because it accelerates the rate of heat scale applications.
transfer. Wind speed and direction
change throughout the day and year, As a hindrance, wind can drive moisture
and are not as universally predictable. and water up through small gaps in your
building envelope, resulting in
Wind and Microclimates potentially devastating consequences if
Environmental surroundings can create
not properly controlled.
microclimates that could significantly
alter the wind patterns on your site.
Prevailing wind directions can change
due to adjacent landforms, buildings,
and/or other objects

Air flows from

high pressure to Wind speed Knowing your location's wind patterns
low pressure. This
varies with influences important environmental
is important to
remember height and and structural considerations.
because this is the terrain
basic principle In dense urban environments, wind will reach 100%
behind wind
ventilation and
velocity at a much higher altitude than an open
stack ventilation. environment with no buildings.
Examples of
climate-
responsive
The Edge, Amsterdam: The Bullitt Center, Seattle:
architecture • The building is oriented to the south to
• six-story office building in Seattle that is designed
to be energy-efficient and sustainable
There are many maximize solar gain, and it has a smart lighting
examples of buildings system that adjusts to the amount of natural
light in the building.
• uses rainwater harvesting, solar panels, and a
geothermal heating and cooling system to reduce
that have incorporated its energy consumption.

climate analysis in to • has windows that automatically adjust to the

their design to create amount of sunlight to reduce glare and heat gain.

energy-efficient and
sustainable buildings that The San Francisco Federal
respond to their local Building:
• range of sustainable design features,
climate. Here are a few including a natural ventilation system
examples: and photovoltaic panels.

• The building's orientation and shape

are designed to maximize natural
light and reduce heat gain.
in summary, climate factor is crucial in architectural design because it
allows
architects to design buildings that are optimized for their specific location
and climate.
The examples of buildings that have incorporated climate factor into their
design show how sustainable design features can be incorporated into the
building design to create energy-efficient and sustainable buildings that
respond to their local climate.
In conclusion, climate factor is a critical aspect of architectural design, and
architects should consider the local climate when designing buildings. By
incorporating sustainable design features and optimizing the building for
the local climate, architects can create buildings that are more energy-
efficient. sustainable, and comfortable for occupants, while also reducing
the environmental impact of the building.
https://archi-monarch.com
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