WERABE UNIVERSITY

FRESHMAN NATURAL SCIENCE

STREAM
COURSE TITLE: Introduction to Emerging Technologies.

COURSE CODE: EmTe 1012

SECTION: E

TITLE: ETHICS AND PROFESSIONALISM OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGY

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT By:

NAME: MUBARIK NEJA

ID: 02316

Submitted to: Mr. MEKI ERMENA

Submission Date: 07/06/ 2017

WERABE ETHIOPIA
  OUTLINE

1. Introduction to Ethics Definition and principles

2. Ethics in Technology Big Data and AI Accountability and human oversight

3. General Ethical Principles Key ethical responsibilities

4. Professional Responsibilities and Leadership Standards for ethical computing

5. Digital Privacy Data protection principles

6. Accountability and Trust Balancing innovation with responsibility

7. Ethical and Regulatory Challenges AI, robotics, and IoT concerns

8. Challenges in Emerging Technologies AI, robotics, IoT, and Big Data risks

9. Threats from Emerging Technologies Drones, wearables, driverless cars, IoT

 INTRODUCTION

In previous chapters, emerging technologies like big data, artificial intelligence, the Internet of

Things, and augmented reality were discussed. In this chapter, the connection between emerging

technologies and professional ethics, privacy, accountability, and trust will be discussed. Finally,

the threats and challenges of emerging technologies will be explained

 What is ethics?

1. Ethics is – integrity, objectivity, competence and due care, confidentiality,

and professional behavior.

 ➧ Technology can serve to promote or restrict human rights. The Information

Society should foster the use of emerging technologies in such a way as to

maximize the benefits that they provide while minimizing the harms.

➧ Establishing the proper legal or regulatory system is important to reduce the effect of abusing

technology rather than sharing technological benefits

 Ethics In Big Data፦

➧The increasing use of big data, algorithmic decision-making, and

artificial intelligence can enable more consistent, evidence-based and

accurate judgments or decisions, often more quickly and efficiently.

However, these strengths can potentially have a darker side too,

throwing up questions around the ethical use of these fairly new technologies

 -For example, systems learn from real-world data, there is a significant

risk that those systems simply recreate the past and subsequently build

in errors or systemic biases.

-Ethics in AI፦

➧ Whatever the power of the machine, humans will still need to be involved, so that

people can be held accountable, or explain the reasons behind a decision.

➧Ethical issues are only recognized when the technology is already on the market

and problems arise during its widespread use. Ethics can then become a tool to clean

up a mess that might have been avoidable.

 General ethical principles

• 1. Contribute to society and to human well-being, acknowledging that

 all people are stakeholders in computing.

• 2. Avoid harm.

• 3. Be honest and trustworthy.

• 4. Be fair and take action not to discriminate

• 5. Respect the work required to produce new ideas, inventions,

creative works, and computing artefacts.

• 6. Respect privacy.

• 7. Honor confidentiality

 Professional responsibilities

• 1. Strive to achieve high quality in both the processes and products of

professional Work .

• 2. Maintain high standards of professional competence,

• 3. Know and respect existing rules pertaining to professional work

• 4. Accept and provide appropriate professional review

• 5. Give comprehensive and thorough evaluations of computer systems and

their impacts, including analysis of possible risks.

• 6. Perform work only in areas of competence.

• 7.Foster public awareness and understanding of computing, and their

consequences.

 Professional leadership principles

• 1. Ensure that the public good is the central concern during all professional

work.

• 2. Articulate, encourage acceptance and evaluate fulfilment of social

responsibilities.

• 3. Manage personnel and resources to enhance the quality of working life.

 • 4. Create opportunities for members of the organization to grow as

professionals.

• 5. Use care when modifying or retiring systems. Interface changes, the

removal of features, and even software updates have an impact on the

productivity of users and the quality of their work.

• 6. Recognize and take special care of systems that become integrated into

the infrastructure of society

 Digital privacy

➧It is the protection of personally identifiable or business identifiable

information that is collected from respondents through information

collection activities or from other sources.

➧It encompasses three sub-related categories;

1. Information privacy,

2. Communication privacy, and

3. Individual privacy

➧It promotes advocacy on behalf of individual and consumer privacy

rights in digital spheres, and is typically used in opposition to the

business practices of many marketers/businesses/companies

to collect and use such information and data.

 Information Privacy

• It is the notion that individuals should have the freedom, or right, to

determine how their digital information, mainly that pertaining to

personally identifiable information, is collected and used.

• Every country has various laws that dictate how information may be

collected and used by companies. Some of those laws are written to

 give agency to the preferences of individuals/consumers in how their

data is used

 Communication Privacy

• It is the notion that individuals should have the freedom, or right, to

communicate information digitally with the expectation that their

communications are secure; meaning that messages and communications

will only be accessible to the sender’s original intended recipient.

• However, communications can be intercepted or delivered to other

recipients without the sender's knowledge, in a multitude of ways such as

hacking.

 Individual Privacy

• It is the notion that individuals have a right to exist freely on the

internet, in that they can choose what types of information they are

exposed to, and more importantly that unwanted information should

not interrupt them.

• An example of a digital breach of individual privacy would be an

internet user receiving unwanted ads and emails/spam, or a computer

virus that forces the user to take actions they otherwise wouldn't. In

such cases the individual, during that moment, doesn't exist digitally

without interruption from unwanted information

• thus, their individual privacy has been infringed upon.

 Digital privacy principles

➧ Data Minimization: collect the minimal amount of information necessary from

individuals and businesses consistent with the Department’s mission and legal

requirements

➧Transparency: Notice covering the purpose of the collection and use of

 identifiable information will be provided in a clear manner. Information collected

will not be used for any other purpose unless authorized or mandated by law.

➧ Accuracy: Information collected will be maintained in a sufficiently accurate,

timely, and complete manner to ensure that the interests of the individuals and

businesses are protected.

➧ Security: adequate physical and IT security measures will be implemented to

ensure that the collection, use, and maintenance of identifiable information are

properly safeguarded and the information is promptly destroyed in accordance with

approved records control schedules.

 Accountability and trust

- When emerging technology creates far-reaching and rapid change, it

can also bring new risks. Understanding and mitigating them will help

to build confidence. Often legal and regulatory frameworks haven’t kept

pace with digital transformation, and organizations are seeking

guidance.

- Emerging technologies can provide improved accuracy, better quality

and cost efficiencies for businesses in every sector. They can enhance

trust in the organization’s operations and financial processes, which is

crucial for sustainable success. But this can produce a paradox: the very

solutions that can be used to better manage risk, increase transparency

and build confidence are often themselves the source of new risks,

which may go unnoticed.

There’s a danger that the use of technology will degrade people’s

willingness to judge and intervene because they feel that they are less

personally connected to consumers and consumer outcomes – the logic

 of the machine has taken over from individual responsibility.

- The obligation of an individual or organization to account for its

activities, accept responsibility for them, and to disclose the results in a

transparent manner. It also includes the responsibility for money or

other entrusted property

 Ethical and regulatory challenges

- Emerging technologies are already impacting how we live and work.

They're also changing how we approach, plan, and integrate security

operations which include:

- 1. Counter-terrorism and law enforcement informatics via predictive

analytics and artificial intelligence.

- 2. Real-time horizon scanning and data mining for threats and information

sharing

- 3. Automated cybersecurity and information assurance

- 4. Enhanced Surveillance (chemical and bio-detection sensors, cameras,

drones, facial recognition, license plate readers)

- 5. Simulation and augmented reality technologies for training and

modelling

 Challenges in using Artificial Intelligence

-AI is only as good as the data it is exposed to, which is where certain

challenges may present themselves. How a business teaches and

develops its AI will be the major factor in its usefulness. Humans could

be the weak link here, as people are unlikely to want to input masses of

data into a system.

-AI has a potential to replace human workers. As machines become

 more “intelligent” they could begin to replace experts in higher-level

jobs.

-Alternatively, AI also has the potential to take the burden of laborious

and time consuming tasks from people, freeing up their time and

brainpower for other things.

 Challenges in using Robotics in manufacturing

• With automation and robotics moving from production lines out into other areas of work and

business, the potential for humans losing jobs

is greater.

• As robots learn to teach each other and themselves, there is the

potential for much greater productivity but this also raises ethical and cybersecurity

concerns.

 Challenges in using the Internet of Things

• As more and more connected devices (such as smartwatches and

fitness trackers) join the Internet of Things (IoT) the amount of data

being generated is increasing. Companies will have to plan carefully

how this will affect the customer-facing application and how to best

utilize the masses of data being produced without compromising the

individual privacy

 Challenges in Big Data

➧ The huge amount of data being generated on a daily basis has the

potential to provide businesses with better insight into their customers

as well as their own business operations.

➧ Although data can be incredibly useful for spotting trends and

analyzing impacts, surfacing all this data to humans in a way that they

can understand can be challenging.

 Treats

➧ New and emerging technologies pose significant opportunities for

businesses if they utilize them well and understand their true value early

on. They also pose risks and questions not only to business but to

society as a whole. Planning for how to deal with these emerging

technologies and where value can be derived while assessing potential

risks before they become a fully-fledged reality is essential for

businesses that want to thrive in the world of AI, Big Data and IoT.

Some risks of emerging technology are:

• Drones: Turbulence is in the offing for manufacturers and

organizations that fail to protect themselves for property damage and

bodily injury, as well as errors and omissions.

• Wearables: Google glass, Fitbit and other wearables can expose

companies to the invasion of privacy claims that may not be covered

by general liability or personal injury claims that weren’t foreseen

.Driverless car: cars could crash and burn from errors resulted to

bodily injury and property damage.

• Internet of things: The proliferation of sensors and cross-platform

integration creates potential exposure from privacy invasion, bodily

injury and property damage that may connect an organization to huge

liabilities.

Summary
Emerging technologies like AI, big data, and IoT offer significant benefits but also pose ethical

challenges. Ethical principles emphasize integrity, fairness, privacy, and accountability. Big data

and AI improve decision-making but require oversight to prevent biases. Professional

responsibilities demand competence, adherence to rules, and prioritization of public good.

Digital privacy, covering information, communication, and individual privacy, must be

safeguarded through data minimization, transparency, and security. Ethical and regulatory

challenges include job displacement, data privacy risks, and security threats. Emerging

technologies, such as drones, wearables, driverless cars, and IoT devices, bring potential

liabilities and ethical concerns.

Conclusion: Responsible innovation requires governance, transparency, and accountability to

balance benefits and risks

REFERNCES

STUDENTS MODULE

Dereje E. and Yonas T., AASTU teachers ppt