Practice Test 61
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minhngocduong2007Practice Test 61
Uploaded by
minhngocduong2007Practice Test 61
Reading and Writing
27 QUESTIONS
DIRECTIONS
he questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each question
T
includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage and question
carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s). All questions in this
section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a single best answer.
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ecause most of the _______ information on coral
B esearchers Michael Duke and Luke Bergmann
R
reefs relates to shallow-water areas, a research team studied the effects of layoffs in the construction
led by Daniel Wagner investigated coral reef
ecosystems in remote areas far beyond the coastline. u
industry by interviewing over 1,000 construction
workers. They found that layoffs _______ male workers
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These areas are referred to as the "high seas” and do significantly more than female workers because male
not fall under the jurisdiction of any country. workers were more likely to see a layoff as evidence of
personal incompetence.
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hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W
a
and precise word or phrase? hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W
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A) available and precise word or phrase?
B) excessive A) distressed
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C) misleading B) neutralized
D) preposterous C) supported
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D) appeased
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roducing photographs in the 1800s was a _______
P enicillin, a common antibiotic, was developed in the
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process. Mathew Brady, who was known for his late 1920s after Dr. Alexander Fleming’s fortuitous
extensive photographic documentation of the discovery of an unexpected patch of mold growing on
American Civil War, relied on a photographic technique a Petri dish of staphylococcus bacteria. Fleming noted
called daguerreotype, which involved preparing a the mold’s apparent ability to inhibit bacterial growth,
silver-coated copper plate, exposing it to light, ____ scientific breakthrough that laid the foundations
developing the image with heated mercury vapor, for the development of modern antibiotics.
fixing it with a salt solution, and finally toning
the image. hich choice completes the text with the most logical
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and precise word or phrase?
hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W A) a serendipitous
and precise word or phrase? B) a casual
A) manageable C) an immaterial
B) complicated D) a deliberate
C) futile
D) variable
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hile zoos and animal sanctuaries _______ protect
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and preserve the lives of endangered species, many
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wild-captured animals such as polar bears, tigers,
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cheetahs, and lions do not fare well in confinement.
These animals are more likely to suffer from chronic
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captivity stress, which has negative implications for
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their long-term survival.
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hich choice completes the text with the most logical
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and precise word or phrase?
)
A stensibly
o
B) fortuitously
C) remarkably
D) despondently
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he following is adapted from Arthur Conan Doyle’s
T ccording to surveys conducted by Gallup, Americans’
A
1891 Sherlock Holmes short story “A Scandal in trust in institutions of higher learning fell sharply
Bohemia.” In this excerpt, the narrator, Dr. Watson, between 2015 and 2023. In 2023, only 36% of
explains how Holmes views emotions in his work. Americans expressed confidence in higher education
Holmes was, I take it, the most perfect reasoning compared to 57% in 2015 and 48% in 2018. The
and observing machine that the world has seen, research suggests that the reasons for the decline
but he never spoke of the softer passions, save differed between Republicans and Democrats:
with a gibe and a sneer. They were admirable Republicans were concerned about university
things for the observer–excellent for drawing the politicization while Democrats worried about the steep
veil from men’s motives and actions. But for the increases in education costs.
trained reasoner to admit such intrusions into his
own delicate and finely adjusted temperament Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
was to introduce a distracting factor which might A) Between 2015 and 2023, trust in higher
throw a doubt upon all his mental results. Grit in a education remained relatively the same
sensitive instrument, or a crack in one of his own among Republicans and Democrats.
high-power lenses, would not be more disturbing B) The cost of education must decrease for
than a strong emotion in a nature such as his. Americans to regain trust in colleges and
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universities.
hich choice best states the main purpose of the
W C) Republicans mistrust universities because
text?
u they believe these institutions are highly
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A) To convince readers to control all their politicized.
emotions in order to draw accurate logical D) For different reasons, levels of trust in higher
conclusions about their situations learning institutions fell among both
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B) To characterize Holmes by comparing him to Republicans and Democrats.
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a scientific machine and showing how
emotions would negatively impact such a
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machine
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C) To express admiration for an attribute of
Holmes that the narrator cannot find in
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himself but wishes to aspire to
D) To criticize the weakness of permitting
emotion to impact mental processes that
should be entirely rational and scientific
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he following is adapted from E.M. Forster's 1909
T he following text is from Horace Smith's 1817 poem
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novellaThe Machine Stops, a dystopian story in which "On a Stupendous Leg of Granite, Discovered Standing
humans live in entirely artificial environments. by Itself in the Deserts of Egypt, with the Inscription
Imagine, if you can, a small room, hexagonal in Inserted Below."
shape, like the cell of a bee. It is lighted neither by In Egypt's sandy silence, all alone,
window nor by lamp, yet it is filled with a soft Stands a gigantic Leg, which far off throws
radiance. There are no apertures for ventilation, The only shadow that the Desert knows.
yet the air is fresh. There are no musical "I am great Ozymandias," saith the stone,
instruments, and yet, at this moment, this room is "The King of kings: this mighty city shows
throbbing with melodious sounds. An armchair is The wonders of my hand." The city's gone!
in the center, by its side a reading-desk–that is all Naught but the leg remaining to disclose
the furniture.And in the armchair there sits a The sight of that forgotten Babylon.
swaddled lump of flesh—a woman, about five feet
high, with a face as white as a fungus. e wonder, and some hunter may express
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Wonder like ours, when through the wilderness
hich choice best describes the function of the
W Where London stood, holding the wolf in chase,
underlined sentence in the text as a whole? He met some fragment huge, and stops to guess
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A) It creates an opposition between the natural What wonderful, but unrecorded race
beauty of the larger setting and the ugliness Once dwelt in that annihilated place.
of the woman.
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B) It contributes to an understanding of the Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
typical day for an ideal citizen within this A) Even great civilizations can be reduced to
fictitious world. dust.
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C) It dehumanizes the woman in order to make B) Mighty kings like Ozymandias do not always
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her and the world she lives in seem impact history.
unattractive and artificial. C) Modern-day London will be destroyed like
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D) It enforces the idea that the people in this ancient Egypt was.
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society have become morally and ethically D) No one can truly know what happened in
corrupted. history.
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4
he Art of Waris a book by Sun Tzu that was written in
T ithium-ion batteries, which power many electric
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the fifth century BCE. It is perhaps the most widely vehicles, create energy through the movement of
quoted military work in human history. One reason for lithium ions between the cathode and anode
this is likely due to adages that are applicable not only electrodes inside the battery: the greater the number
to generals but also to the general population: _______ of ions transferred, the higher the amount of
generated energy. A significant drawback, however,
hich quotation fromThe Art of Warmost effectively
W lies in the batteries' manufacturing process, which
illustrates the claim? uses mixtures of environmental toxins, but
A) “If fighting is sure to result in victory, then you researchers at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory have
must fight, even though the ruler forbid it.” designed an environmentally friendly alternative that
B) “No ruler should put troops into the field they claim creates a superior product: batteries that
merely to gratify his own spleen.” maintain much higher energy levels than the ones
C) “Maneuvering with an army is advantageous; produced by the old procedure.
with an undisciplined multitude, most
dangerous.” hich finding, if true, would most directly support the
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D) “A leader leads by example not by force.” researchers’ claim?
A) The new battery manufacturing process is
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adaptable to current production facilities and
can replace the old system at little to no cost.
u B) The batteries made with the new process
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have thicker electrodes that provide a more
direct path of travel for the lithium ions.
C) The new process binds several dry powders
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together, then compacts them to increase
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particle contact, thus avoiding the toxic mixes
of the old procedure.
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D) The electrodes in batteries produced with the
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new process are stronger and more flexible
than the old ones.
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5
Isothiocyanates (ITC) are natural compounds produced by plants such as nasturtium and horseradish, which
are known for their ability to inhibit bacterial formation. A commercially available treatment for acute
inflammation contains 280 mg/ml of a mixture of nasturtium and horseradish, abbreviated as TR/AR. Vanessa
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Eichel of the University of Freiberg and colleagues conducted a study to expose bacteria to ITCs from TR/AR
and calculated the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ITC required to hinder bacterial growth in
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disease-causing bacteria. They noted that In most cases, the amount of plant-derived ITC needed to prevent
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bacterial proliferation was lower than the amount present in the commercial mixture.
Which choice best describes data from the graph that support the researchers’ observation?
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A) The commercial treatment requires a quantity of TR/AR that is much greater to reach MIC for
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Campylobacter con cisus compared to Kingella kingae.
B) Less TR/AR is required for Cardiobacterium hominis, Fusobacterium naviforme, and Eikenella
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corrodens to reach a level that prevents bacterial growth compared to Haemophilus aphrophilus.
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C) Among the studied bacteria, Veillonella parvula is the most resistant to TR/AR, requiring nearly two
doses of the clinical treatment to reach MIC.
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D) Only one of the bacterium studied is more resistant to the plant-derived ITCs than Haemophilus
aphrophilus.
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In 2018, Pierre Vanderhaeghen and his research team arvard psychologist Howard Gardner developed a
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conducted a study to understand the factors behind theory commonly called "multiple intelligences," which
the human brain's large size and rapid development asserts that intelligence is not a single aspect of our
compared to other species. Because new gene brains but several varied and entirely distinct mental
variations can emerge through duplication, capacities. However, research into the functioning of
Vanderhaeghen's team focused on human-specific the brain has not found clear evidence to support this
genes that originated from such events. Among these view at a biological level. Nonetheless, it has proven
genes were Notch genes, which play a crucial role in fruitful for educational theorists and pedagogical
development. Furthermore, the team found that practitioners, which suggests that sometimes ____
Notch2NL genes, a type of Notch gene, are unique to
the human genome, suggesting that ____ Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) current technologies may not be advanced
hich choice most logically completes the text?
W enough to prove a scientist’s theory.
A) they likely contributed significantly in the B) that which is scientifically verified is not
enlargement and accelerated development of always useful in application to education.
the human brain. C) theorists are proven correct by personal
B) chimpanzees, the closest genetic relative to experience rather than by scientific
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humans, likely have Notch2NL genes as well. observation.
C) human brains are likely to continue developing D) the practical applications of an unverified
at a rapid rate within the span of thousands of
u theory can outweigh the lack of concrete
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years. scientific evidence.
D) all Notch genes have contributed to the rapid
development of the human brain during
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human evolution.
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7
ould a certain species of butterfly adapt to changing
C he rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus) is
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climate conditions by adjusting its migratory patterns considered one of the world's smallest cat species.
in response to shifting _______ what a team of Indigenous to India, rusty-spotted cats were thought to
biologists at the National Institute of Environmental prefer damp environments, though recent studies ____
Health Sciences sought to investigate through a study that they thrive in dry habitats, too. Despite their small
designed to track monarch butterflies’ movements for physique, they are efficient and ambitious hunters,
over twenty years. capable of capturing prey larger than themselves, like
chickens and squirrels.
hich choice completes the text so that it conforms
W
to the conventions of Standard English? hich choice completes the text so that it conforms
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A) temperatures? This is to the conventions of Standard English?
B) temperatures. This is A) suggest
C) temperatures: this is B) suggesting
D) temperatures, this is C) having suggested
D) to suggest
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ark Twain'sThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finnhas
M
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been praised for bringing its setting to life. Although
the novel includes a wide cast of memorable lants rely on a number of nearly invisible tools for
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characters, the ____ may be the book's most fully their survival. Some plants are able to release
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realized creation. toxins—ones that often have no effect on humans—to
protect ____ insects or other invasive threats.
a
hich choice completes the sentence so that it
W
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conforms to the conventions of Standard English? hich choice completes the sentence so that it
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conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
er
A) Mississippi River itself,
B) Mississippi River, itself, A) it
B) themselves
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C) Mississippi River itself
D) Mississippi River, itself C) them
D) itself
8
he architects leading the 2019 reconstruction of the
T eattle, Washington, has earned its reputation as a
S
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France, have singled perennially overcast city by virtue of its
out one element of the project as carrying special record-breaking streaks of days with rain. It is far from
significance. The cathedral's spire, made of wood and the rainiest city in the United ____ to the heavy rainfall
lead and decorated with copper statues depicting the that visits the east coast of the United States, the
twelve apostles from the Bible, ____ a symbol of Paris volume of rain in the east surpasses the drizzling that
itself is more common in the northwest.
hich choice completes the sentence so that it
W hich choice completes the sentence so that it
W
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) is considered A) States; however, due
B) were considered B) States, however; due
C) have been considered C) States, however, due
D) are being considered D) States however due
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he last time Congress officially declared war was
T " P ost hoc ergo propter hoc" is a common logical
when it entered ____ the US has participated in fallacy that assumes an event is caused by what
multiple conflicts since then, including the Korean War, preceded it. Many superstitions are classic examples
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the Vietnam War, and the First and Second Iraq wars. of this, such as one assuming that a black cat
Military engagements post World War II were crossing the street is a harbinger of bad luck. ____ the
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conducted either under a Congressional "authorization "c um hoc ergo propter hoc“ fallacy assumes causation
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of use of military force" or with no approval from between two things that happen simultaneously (for
Congress whatsoever. example, the assumption that a victorious sports
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game was brought about by the family heirloom worn
hich choice completes the text so that it conforms
W during the match).
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to the conventions of Standard English?
A) World War II. Although hich choice completes the text with the most logical
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B) World War II; although transition?
C) World War II, although A) For example,
D) World War II, although, B) Nevertheless,
C) Consequently,
D) Similarly,
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here are two approaches to rid canines of heartworm
T ivergent evolution is the process by which population
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disease: the "fast-kill method" and the "slow-kill" groups that were once a single species evolve and
method. Because the fast-kill method requires strict accumulate differences, forming new species. This
exercise restriction for months at a time, some animal evolutionary process may occur as a response to
rescue advocates argue that the slow-kill method is changes in abiotic factors, such as a change in
more humane, as it eliminates the need for activity environmental conditions or when a new ecological
restriction. ____ the slow-kill method is not niche becomes available. ____ divergent evolution may
recommended by most veterinarians as it can result in occur in response to changes in biotic factors, such as
increased likelihood for long-term damage to the dog's increased or decreased pressure from competition or
heart and lungs. predation.
hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W
transition? transition?
A) However, A) In other words,
B) Also, B) Alternatively,
C) Furthermore, C) Consequently,
D) Consequently, D) Despite that,
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10
hile researching a topic, a student has taken the
W hile researching a topic, a student has taken the
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following notes: following notes:
● The ginkgo tree, also known asGinkgo biloba, ● One of the largest art thefts in modern history
is a tree native to China. occurred at The Isabella Stewart Gardner
● The ginkgo is called a "living fossil" because it Museum in Boston, Massachusetts, on March
is the sole surviving member of an ancient 18, 1990.
order of trees called Ginkgoales which dates ● The stolen artworks were worth an estimated
back more than 290 million years. $500 million and included masterpieces by
● Since the 14th century, ginkgo trees have been renowned artists such as Rembrandt
widely cultivated in Japan and Korea. Six Harmenszoon van Rijn and Johanne Vermeer,
ginkgo trees survived the 1945 atom bomb including his pieceThe Concert, which is
explosion in Hiroshima, Japan, during the considered one of the most valuable paintings
Second World War. in the world.
● Ginkgo leaves have a distinct fan-like shape ● Among the stolen artworks was a bronzegu, a
with veins that radiate from a central point. vessel used for serving wine in ancient China
● Ginkgo seeds, also called ginkgo nuts, are that was worth only a few thousand dollars.
commonly used in Chinese, Japanese, and ● The stolen artworks were cut out from their
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Korean cuisine, while the leaves are often frames, leaving empty frames hanging on the
used to make herbal tea. museum walls, which still serve as a haunting
The student wants to highlight a relatively recent
u reminder of the missing masterpieces and the
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historical example of the resilience of the ginkgo tree. unsolved crime.
Which choice best accomplishes this goal? ● Despite extensive investigations by the
A) The ginkgo tree, also known asGinkgo biloba, Federal Bureau of Investigation to recover the
n
is called a “living fossil” because it is the sole stolen artworks, the case remains unsolved.
a
surviving member of an ancient order of trees ● As of 2017, The Gardner Museum offered a
called Ginkgoales which dates back more reward of $10 million for information leading
ic
than 290 million years. to the recovery of the stolen pieces.
er
B) In an impressive demonstration of the The student wants to highlight the range in the value
species’ tenacity, six ginkgo trees survived the of the stolen artworks. Which choice best
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1945 atom bomb explosion in Hiroshima, accomplishes this goal?
Japan during the Second World War. A) Although The Gardner Museum offered a
C) Though the ginkgo tree is native to China, reward of $10 million for information leading
ginkgo trees have been widely cultivated in to the recovery of the stolen pieces, the case
Japan and Korea since the 14th century. remains unsolved.
D) Part of an ancient order of trees that dates B) During the theft at The Isabella Stewart
back more than 290 million years, ginkgo Gardner Museum in 1990, thirteen artworks
seeds are commonly used in Chinese, worth an estimated $500 million disappeared.
Japanese, and Korean cuisine, while the C) Among the stolen artworks was one of the
leaves are often used to make herbal tea. most valuable paintings in the world and a
bronze vessel valued at a few thousand
dollars.
D) The empty frames from the stolen artworks
still hang on the museum walls, which serves
as a haunting reminder of the $500 million
theft.
11
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
● Antipater of Sidon was a Greek author who lived in the second century BCE.
● He composed a list of the seven wonders of the ancient world, highlighting notable monuments and
works of public architecture.
● Two sites from ancient Babylon, the Hanging Gardens and the Ishtar Gate, appeared on Antipater's list.
● Other lists include the Hanging Gardens but omit the Ishtar Gate in favor of monuments more directly
inspired by ancient Greece.
● The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Statue of Zeus at Olympia were all
products of Greek art.
The student wants to contrast Antipater’s list of ancient wonders with other lists. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) While some lists of the wonders of the ancient world include two monuments from Babylon, others
prioritize sites from ancient Greece.
B) A list composed by Antipater includes two of Babylon’s cultural and architectural achievements: the
Ishtar Gate and the Hanging Gardens.
C) Antipater's list includes both the Hanging Gardens and the Ishtar Gate, whereas some other observers
only mentioned the Hanging Gardens when compiling their own lists.
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D) Two of the seven wonders listed by Antipater were located in Babylon, while other cited wonders, such
as the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, were products of ancient Greek culture.
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STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other
module in the test.
12
Reading and Writing
27 QUESTIONS
DIRECTIONS
he questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each question
T
includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage and question
carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s). All questions in
this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a single best answer
In 2021, the International Consortium of Investigative eiretsurefers to a business method of networking
K
several closely related companies together. It offers
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Journalists began an investigation of the New York
City Metropolitan Museum of Art acquisition certain benefits compared with managing all aspects
practices, raising questions about the problematic of a business system in-house. For example, keiretsu
origin of much of its existing collections. New
usubcontracting systems pressure subcontractors into
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revelations regarding the museum’s relationship with making constant improvements in price, quality, and
convicted antiquities dealer Subhash Kapoor have delivery times, _______ a culture of continuous
further _______ the institution’s reputation. improvement to their subordinate parts suppliers.
a n
hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W
and precise word or phrase? and precise word or phrase?
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A) buoyed A) fostering
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B) clarified B) brandishing
C) marred C) stifling
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D) parodied D) revitalizing
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ne of the most famous criminals in modern history
O ccording to the Henley Passport Index, as of 2023,
A
was Charles Ponzi who was notorious for his _______, Singapore’s passport is the most powerful in the
wrongly assuming himself to be immune to legal world. This means Singaporeans can travel visa-free
investigation so long as he treated his investors to more nations than anyone else. On the other hand,
generously and generated positive press for his the US has dropped to eighth place, which could
business. _______ the country’s decreased worldwide influence.
hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W
and precise word or phrase? and precise word or phrase?
A) nihilism A) abate
B) acumen B) exhaust
C) temerity C) portend
D) diffidence D) forestall
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In 2021, Israeli archeologists unearthed the ruins of a
large basilica built in the 1st century CE by Herod the
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Great. Destroyed by an earthquake in the fourth
century, the basilica was nevertheless an architectural
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wonder of its time; Israeli officials hope to _______ the
building so that visitors can enjoy the structure as it
a
stood 2,000 years ago.
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hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W
er
and precise word or phrase?
A) commemorate
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B) protect
C) barricade
D) restore
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team of researchers at the Population Research
A he following text comes from a 10th-century account
T
Health Institute found that underconsumption of of an Arab ambassador to Constantinople titled “An
fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, fish, and whole-fat Embassy from Baghdad to the Emperor Basil II.”
dairy products led to a higher risk of developing The Byzantine Sovereign said: "You have come on
cardiovascular disease (CVD). This was consistent a reprehensible errand; your envoy came and
across regions and cultures. To lower the risk of CVD, procured our consent to certain terms, which
researchers recommended consuming at least two included the restoring of the fortresses taken
daily servings of fruit and vegetables along with a during the revolt; you are now asking to have other
weekly diet of three servings of legumes, seven fortresses which were taken by my predecessors.
servings of nuts, two servings of fish, and fourteen Either consent to what was originally stipulated or
servings of dairy products. go in peace." I replied: "But we agreed on nothing,
for, as for the document we brought, you deprived
hich choice best states the main purpose of the
W us under its terms of half our territory; how can we
text? admit such a thing against ourselves?" Here the
A) To describe the impact of malnutrition on Chamberlain interposed, saying: "This envoy is
different regions and cultures skilled in controversy and can make up a fine
B) To set a specific diet plan to reduce average story: death is better for us than submission to
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body mass indexes these terms: let him return to his master." The
C) To outline dietary guidelines to lower the risk Sovereign then rose, and I withdrew.
of cardiovascular disease
u
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D) To encourage readers to avoid chips, soda, ccording to the text, what was the result of the
A
and other junk food negotiations between the Byzantine emperor and the
ambassador?
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A) The emperor had come to an agreement with
a
the ambassador before the chamberlain
spoiled the negotiations.
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B) The emperor was offended by the
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chamberlain’s tone and approach, so he sent
him away.
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C) The emperor and ambassador agreed that
certain fortresses needed to be returned to
their original owners.
D) The emperor felt the ambassador did not
honor a previous agreement, so he ended the
negotiations.
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he following text comes from the first-century work
T he following text is from Carl Schurz’s 1908 book
T
A Record of Buddhistic Kingdomsby Fa-Hien. Reminiscences.
After travelling for seventeen days, the pilgrims We tore down the stair, into the street, to the
reached the kingdom of Shen-shen, a country market square, the accustomed meeting place
rugged and hilly, with a thin and barren soil. The for all the student societies after their midday
clothes of the common people are coarse, and dinner. Although it was still forenoon, the market
like those worn in our land of Han, some wearing was already crowded with young men talking
felt and others coarse serge or cloth of hair; this excitedly. There was no shouting, no noise, only
was the only difference seen among them. The agitated conversation. What did we want there?
king professed our Law, and there might be in the This probably no one knew. But since the French
country more than four thousand monks, who had driven away Louis Philippe and proclaimed
were all students of the hinayana. The common the republic, something of course must happen
people of this and other kingdoms in that region, here, too. Some of the students had brought
as well as the sramans, all practise the rules of their rapiers along, as if it were necessary to
India, only that the latter do so more exactly, and make an attack or to defend themselves.
the former more loosely.
ccording to the text, what were the students
A
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ccording to the text, how were the sramans different
A discussing?
from the rank-and-file citizens of Shen-shen? A) They were discussing how little they knew of
A) The sramans were foreigners while the
u the political situation.
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common citizens were natives. B) They were discussing how to defend
B) The common folk were students of hinayan, themselves from an impending attack.
but the sramans followed a different faith. C) They were discussing the potential impact of
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C) The common folk wore clothes made of felt the events in France on their locality.
while the sramans wore garments of hair.
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D) They were discussing how their meeting place
D) The sramans followed India’s laws more may have to change given the situation.
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carefully than the regular citizens.
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Am
16
In the 2010s, a divide emerged between popular films and those considered artistic successes; movies that
won Academy Awards for Best Picture were rarely widely watched by the broader viewing public. Cultural
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commentators are unsure of the reason for this phenomenon, but there is evidence for this shift. For example,
_______
u
Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example?
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A) each decade from 1981 to 2020 saw fewer Best Picture films in the top 100 grossing films than the
decade preceding it.
B) 2001 to 2022 did not feature a single Best Picture winner among the 25 grossing films, unlike previous
n
years.
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C) each decade from 1981 to 2020 saw fewer Best Picture films in the top 10 grossing movies than the
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decade preceding it.
D) Best Picture winners have dominated the charts for the past 4 decades.
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17
he domestication hypothesis suggests that dogs'
T unctional MRI is a neuroimaging technique that
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social and cognitive abilities evolved as a result of measures the magnetic properties of hemoglobin in
physical proximity to humans. These abilities span blood to determine what parts of the brain are
from using eye contact to create social bonds to the supplied with more oxygen for respiration during an
ability to follow pointing gestures. A student's paper experiment. This indication of brain activity is called
posits that this same domestication process is a blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response.
actively occurring in animals that live near suburban Patients meeting the clinical threshold for obesity
areas. tend to have a much higher BOLD response to food
than patients that do not meet the clinical
hich finding, if true, would most directly support the
W threshold. A student's paper posits that
student’s argument? neurofeedback can help train the brain to reduce
A) Fossil records indicate that animals inhabited this heightened response to food and food-related
the areas that are currently considered content and can promote neurological healing.
suburban in far greater numbers than they do
now. hich finding, if true, would most directly support the
W
B) Statistical evidence from the Fish and Wildlife student’s argument?
Service shows that fewer animals are hunted A) Individuals who recover from obesity also
dy
as a result of greater evasive success with show a decreased BOLD response to
hunters. food-related items compared to patients with
C) Several news agencies report that deer in
u obesity.
St
suburban areas are “staring” at passersby far B) Obese individuals sometimes exhibit an
more than rural deer. inverse BOLD response to food-related
D) According to the Journal of Veterinary content after a meal.
n
Science, dogs that live in suburban areas tend C) Neurofeedback has been shown to be an
important tool in remedying behavioral habits
a
to have more social connections than other
dogs. that are risk factors for obesity but shows
ic
little to no evidence of neurological changes
er
post-intervention.
D) New evidence shows that increased BOLD
responses to food in patients who do not
Am
meet the clinical threshold for obesity are
becoming more common when using
neurofeedback-based interventions to
promote other health-related behaviors.
18
1
Though some consumers find paying a state- esearchers Valentina Marinescu and Ecaterina Balica
R
mandated deposit with all purchases of glass, plastic, have studied the popularity of Korean pop music
or aluminum beverages bothersome, there is evidence (K-Pop) in Romania. Despite the lack of contact or
that such programs have a strong impact on recycling cultural connection between the two countries,
rates. The Container Recycling Institute estimates that Romania has many well-organized K-Pop fan clubs.
a mandate of just 10 cents on every container could Members of these clubs connect online and in person
raise the recycling level to 90 percent, whereas it tends to learn the Korean language, enjoy Korean cuisine,
to be 30 to 50 percent in regions with no deposit. and listen to K-Pop music, suggesting that _______
Furthermore, when containers are returned for a
refund, they are better sorted and less likely to be lost Which choice most logically completes the text?
or destroyed in the recycling process. Thus, _______ A) the Romanian K-Pop fandom is a crude form
of cultural appropriation.
Which choice most logically completes the text? B) the communal aspect of K-Pop clubs is more
A) deposit programs for beverage containers will attractive than the music itself.
fail if consumers find paying for the deposits C) K-Pop's global appeal transcends
burdensome, which most do. geographical and cultural boundaries.
B) even though consumers may be D) K-Pop fulfills a visceral need that local art
dy
inconvenienced, deposit programs can be an forms cannot fill.
effective tool to increase the recycling of
beverage containers.
u
St
C) deposit programs for beverage containers are
the best way to guarantee that all containers
will be recycled.
n
D) starting a deposit program will raise the
popularity of recycling by 60% in any region
a
where there was previously no such program.
ic
er
Am
19
he Chidon Ha-Tanach is a global trivia competition
T hile Formula One drivers receive trophies,
W
designed for middle and high school students from sponsorship deals, and name recognition, their pit
the Jewish community. It focuses on testing their crews remain relatively anonymous while serving an
knowledge of the Tanach, the Hebrew scriptures. The essential role. At each pit stop, the team will refuel the
finals are televised in Jerusalem, Israel’s capital, and driver’s car; clean the car’s windshield, grille, and air
the final question is asked by the Israeli prime _______ tire pressure, suspension, and ventilation to
minister. In 2010, the prime minister’s son competed ensure aerodynamic efficiency; and address any
in the Chidon Ha-Tanach and placed third. Thus, emergency malfunctions.
_______
hich choice completes the sentence so that it
W
Which choice most logically completes the text? conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) the results of the 2010 competition raised A) intake systems adjust
questions about its objectivity. B) intake systems, adjust
B) the prime minister did not ask the final C) intake systems, and adjust
question that year. D) intake systems; adjust
C) the competition remained unbiased despite
the familial connection.
dy
D) the prime minister skewed the question to
favor his son.
u
aba Island, nestled in a hazardous stretch of sea, has
S
St
become a popular tourist destination; for _______ it
remained inaccessible due to an intersection of
n
dangerous currents surrounding its shore.
a
andas are sometimes referred to as China’s “animal
P hich choice completes the sentence so that it
W
ic
ambassadors.” The role is more than merely _______ conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
China relies on these iconic mammals in diplomacy by A) decades, though,
er
gifting them to allies and, at times, withholding or B) decades—though
withdrawing them to convey dissatisfaction with a C) decades, though
Am
country's policies. D) decades though,
hich choice completes the sentence so that it
W
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) symbolic, however
B) symbolic, however,
C) symbolic, however.
D) symbolic. However,
20
keptics may dismiss astrology as a passing fad
S lthough the screenwriter ofMidnight Cowboy
A
revived anew each generation, but some historians deserves credit for the film’s success, its most
claim this neglects the longevity of the practice. For indelible phrase was absent from the original script.
centuries, within a number of cultures, astrologers Genuinely shocked by an oncoming car, _______
have used _______ —maps that display the
arrangement of the cosmos at the time of their birth— hich choice completes the sentence so that it
W
to divine information about their character and future. conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) an iconic catchphrase was the surprising
hich choice completes the sentence so that it
W result of actor Dustin Hoffman’s improvised
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? reaction: “HEY! I'm walkin' here! I'm walkin'
A) peoples’ birth charts here!”
B) peoples birth charts B) actor Dustin Hoffman’s improvised line—“HEY!
C) people’s birth charts I'm walkin' here! I'm walkin' here!”—became, to
D) peoples’ birth chart’s his surprise, an iconic catchphrase.
C) actor Dustin Hoffman did not expect his
improvised reaction to become an iconic
catchphrase: “HEY! I'm walkin' here! I'm walkin'
dy
here!”
D) the improvised line “HEY! I'm walkin' here! I'm
In the early 1930s, unsuspecting visitors to Brooklyn’s
u walkin' here!” became, to Hoffman’s surprise,
St
Prospect Park may have become geographically an iconic catchphrase.
confused upon spotting George Washington’s
distinctive Virginia home. Built to commemorate the
n
bicentennial of Washington’s birthday, _______
a
hich choice completes the sentence so that it
W
ic
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
2023 study by Northwestern University has shown
A
er
A) Charles K. Bryant designed a replica of Mount
Vernon, which welcomed visitors to Prospect that the ground beneath the buildings of major urban
Park until 1934. centers like Chicago and New York is contracting due
Am
B) Prospect Park housed a replica of Mount to increased temperatures; this contraction causes
Vernon, designed by Charles K. Bryant, until buildings to slowly sink. Even more unfortunate
1934. _______ the lack of the necessary infrastructure in
C) a replica of Mount Vernon, designed by these cities to deal with the ground-level shift.
Charles K. Bryant, welcomed Prospect Park
visitors until 1934. hich choice completes the text so that it conforms
W
D) visitors to Prospect Park could explore the to the conventions of Standard English?
replica of Mount Vernon, designed by Charles A) are
K. Bryant, until 1934. B) have been
C) is
D) were
21
he 1973 oil crisis exposed American automakers as
T espite their reputation, many orchids are easy to
D
vulnerable, ossified, and complacent. _______ the maintain. A number of the commonly available orchid
crisis provided the Japanese automobile industry with varieties, such as the Moth orchid and the Lady’s
the opportunity to establish itself globally by satisfying Slipper orchid, have been bred for endurance and will
shifting consumer demands. flower annually despite imperfect growing conditions.
_______ experts say, flower enthusiasts should not be
hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W deterred by the orchid’s stereotype as an enigmatic
transition? and demanding beauty.
A) In doing so,
B) On the other hand, hich choice completes the text with the most logical
W
C) That notwithstanding, transition?
D) In other words, A) Conversely,
B) However,
C) Meanwhile,
D) In short,
u dy
St
a n
ic
er
Am
22
hile researching a topic, a student has taken the
W hile researching a topic, a student has taken the
W
following notes: following notes:
● Bruges, a city founded in the 12th century in ● The Great Wave off Kanagawais a woodblock
northwestern Belgium, is known for its print created in 1831 by Japanese artist
medieval architecture and picturesque canals. Katsushika Hokusai.
● Since 2000, Bruges’s city center has been a ● The Great Wave off Kanagawareportedly
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, inspired French composer Claude Debussy’s
Scientific, and Cultural Organization) World symphonyLa Mer(The Sea) in 1905 and
Heritage Site. Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke’s “Der Berg”
● Bruges was occupied by German forces (The Mountain) in 1907.
during World War I and World War II but ● The Great Wave off Kanagawais an example
suffered virtually no destruction. Today, it is ofukiyo-e, a Japanese printmaking technique
one of the best-preserved medieval towns in that dates to the 17th century.
Europe. ● The Great Wave off Kanagawadepicts a giant
● Over eight million tourists visit Bruges each wave that suggests tsunami-like conditions
year. off the shore of Mount Fuji, the highest
● Bruges is commercially important due to its mountain in Japan.
dy
port, Zeebrugge, which handles approximately ● The Japanese government will release a
45 million tons of cargo annually. redesign of the 1000-yen bill in 2024 that will
The student wants to emphasize Bruges’s longevity as
u featureThe Great Wave off Kanagawaon one
St
a preserved medieval town. Which choice most side of the currency.
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to ● The Great Wave off Kanagawafeatures a
accomplish this goal? sense of depth between the foreground and
n
A) Bruges’ city center was spared destruction in the background of the print, reflecting Western
a
both World War I and World War II. influence that emerged via Dutch trade in
B) Bruges’ city center, still intact, dates back to Japan in the 18th century.
ic
the 12th century. The student wants to highlight the international
er
C) Bruges’ city center, known for its medieval influence ofThe Great Wave off Kanagawa. Which
architecture, has been a UNESCO World choice best accomplishes this goal?
Am
Heritage Site since 2000. A) More than 190 years after the printing ofThe
D) Bruges is of economic importance due to its Great Wave off Kanagawa, the Japanese
port at Zeebrugge, which serves as a hub for government will release a new bill that
commercial activities. featuresThe Great Wave off Kanagawa.
B) The Great Wave off Kanagawaby Japanese
artist Katsushika Hokusai is an 1831
woodblock print that representsukiyo-e, a
17th-century Japanese printmaking
technique.
C) Though Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai
createdThe Great Wave off Kanagawain 1831,
it inspired artists such as French composer
Claude Debussy and Austrian poet Rainer
Maria Rilke decades later.
D) Though Katsushika Hokusai was Japanese,
The Great Wave off Kanagawa contains
elements that reflect Western influences.
23
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
● Adam Mickiewicz was a 19th century Polish poet, scholar, and political activist.
● In 1817, Mickiewicz cofounded a secret student society called the Philomaths, whose members
discussed science, math, literature, and the question of Polish independence.
● Mickiewicz was exiled to Russia in the 1820s for his political views, spending five years in Moscow and
St. Petersburg.
● Mickiewicz accepted a position as a professor of Latin literature at the Lausanne Academy in
Switzerland in 1838 and later taught at the Collège de France.
● During the Crimean War in 1853, the French government asked Mickiewicz to perform a diplomatic
mission to organize Polish forces against Russia.
● Mickiewicz’s death in 1855 is likely attributed to cholera, though some suspect that he may have been
poisoned by political enemies.
The student wants to emphasize the importance of politics as a continuing theme throughout Mickiewicz’s life.
Which choice best accomplishes this goal?
A) Mickiewicz’s death in 1855 might have been related to the diplomatic mission he was asked to perform
in 1853 by the French government.
B) Although Mickiewicz was exiled to Russia in the 1820s for his political views, he later worked as a
dy
professor of Latin literature at the Lausanne Academy in Switzerland.
C) Exiled to Russia for his political views in the 1820s, Mickiewicz’s involvement in Polish politics
u
continued through the Crimean War in 1853 when the French government asked him to help organize
St
Polish forces.
D) Three years before his exile to Russia, Mickiewicz cofounded a secret society called the Philomaths,
whose members discussed the question of Polish independence in addition to other topics.
a n
ic
er
Am
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other
module in the test.
24
Math
22 QUESTIONS
IRECTIONS
D
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is
permitted for all questions.
OTES
N
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given functionfis the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.
dy
REFERENCE
u
St
a n
ic
er
Am
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
25
Formultiple-choicequestions,solveeachproblem,choosethecorrectanswerfromthe
choices provided, and thencircleyouranswerinthisbook.Circleonlyoneanswerfor
each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle.Youwillnotget
credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no
answers circled.
For student-produced responsequestions,solveeachproblemandwriteyouranswer
next to or under the question in the test book as described below.
● Onceyou'vewrittenyouranswer,circleitclearly.Youwillnotreceivecreditforanything
written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.
● If you findmore than one correct answer, write andcircle only one answer.
● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer andupto6characters
(including thenegativesign) for a negative answer,but no more.
dy
● Ifyouranswerisafractionthatistoolong(over5charactersforpositive,6characters
for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
● u
Ifyouranswerisadecimalthatistoolong(over5charactersforpositive,6characters
St
for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
● Ifyouranswerisamixednumber(suchas3½2),writeitasanimproperfraction(7/2)
n
or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
a
● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled
ic
answer
er
Am
26
If and , what is the value
of ?
hich of the following is a solution to the given
W
A)
equation?
B)
A)
C)
B)
D)
)
C
D)
If , what is the value of ?
If and , what is the value of ?
A)
dy
B)
C) u
St
D)
n
Right triangles and are similar such that
a
, and correspond to , and ,
ic
respectively. If angle is a right angle and the
er
measure of angle is , what is the measure of
angle , in degrees?
Am
A)
B)
How many solutions does the given equation have? C)
A) Exactly one D)
B) Exactly two
C) Infinitely many
D) Zero
27
The function is defined by The
If and , what is the value g
raph of in the xy–plane has an x–intercept
of ? of and a y–intercept of , wherehandk
are constants. What is the value of ?
A)
B)
C)
D)
tree with an initial height of meter grows at an
A If , what is the maximum possible
average rate of meters per year. At that rate, how value of ?
dy
many years will it take for the tree to reach a height of A)
meters?
u B)
St
)
C
D)
a n
ic
er
Am
soccer coach wants to purchase new uniforms for
A
his players. The athletic department’s budget
allows for a maximum of to be spent on In the given system of equations, and represent
these uniforms, which includes a sales tax. Which the heights, in centimeters, of two plants days after
of the following is the maximum amount of money per
a starting date. For what value of will the plants
uniform, before sales tax, that the coach can spend?
have equal heights?
A)
B)
C)
D)
28
What is the diameter of a circle with the equation
he given equation relates the variables and . For
T
)
A what value of does the value of reach its
B) maximum?
C) A)
D) B)
C)
D)
dy
hat is the sum of the solutions to the given
W
equation?
u
St
a n
ic
er
circle is inscribed in a square, as shown. What is the
A
Am
area of the shaded region, in square inches?
A)
B)
C)
D)
29
umans can have one of four blood types: A, B, AB,
H
and O. Each blood type also has an rhesus factor (Rh)
that is either positive or negative. A hospital held a
he table shows select values for the function
T
blood drive, and the table above shows the distribution
of blood types and Rh factors for the units of blood . What is the equation for the function ?
collected. What is the probability that a randomly A)
selected unit is O negative (–)?
B)
A)
dy
C)
B)
u D)
St
C)
D)
a n
ic
er
Am
30
In the given equation, is a constant. For which of the
following values of will the equation have no real
solutions?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Note: Figure not drawn to scale
In the figure shown, the length of is centimeters.
What is the length of , in centimeters?
A)
)
B
C)
dy
D)
u
St
a n
Data set consists of ositive integers less than
p
ic
. The list shown gives of the integers from data
set .
er
he total sum of the
T integers is . If the mean The functions and are graphed on the
Am
of data set is an integer that is greater than , plane shown. If , what is the value of
what is the value of the largest integer from data set
?
?
)
A
B)
C)
D)
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other module in
the test.
31
Math
22 QUESTIONS
IRECTIONS
D
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is
permitted for all questions.
OTES
N
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given functionfis the set of allreal numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.
dy
REFERENCE
u
St
a n
ic
er
Am
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.
32
Formultiple-choicequestions,solveeachproblem,choosethecorrectanswerfromthe
choices provided, and thencircleyouranswerinthisbook.Circleonlyoneanswerfor
each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle.Youwillnotget
credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no
answers circled.
For student-produced responsequestions,solveeachproblemandwriteyouranswer
next to or under the question in the test book as described below.
● Onceyou'vewrittenyouranswer,circleitclearly.Youwillnotreceivecreditforanything
written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.
● If you findmore than one correct answer, write andcircle only one answer.
● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer andupto6characters
(including thenegativesign) for a negative answer,but no more.
dy
● Ifyouranswerisafractionthatistoolong(over5charactersforpositive,6characters
for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
● u
Ifyouranswerisadecimalthatistoolong(over5charactersforpositive,6characters
St
for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
● Ifyouranswerisamixednumber(suchas3½2),writeitasanimproperfraction(7/2)
n
or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
a
● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled
ic
answer.
er
Am
33
cube has an edge length of
A inches. What is the If , what is the value
volume, in cubic inches, of the cube? of ?
A)
B)
C)
D)
u dy
St
n
In the image shown, line and line are parallel. If
a
the measure of angle is , what is the measure
ic
of angle , in degrees?
A)
er
B)
he graph of line is shown above. Line is
T
C)
Am
perpendicular to line . What is the slope of line ?
D)
A)
B)
)
C
D)
34
he above equation shows the relationship between
T
The function is defined by the given equation. For
the measure , in degrees, of an exterior angle of a
what value of does reach its maximum?
regular polygon and the number of sides of the
A)
polygon. If a regular polygon’s exterior angle is
greater than degrees, what is the greatest
number of sides it can have? )
B
A) C)
B) D)
C)
D)
right triangle has legs with lengths of
A
centimeters and centimeters. If the length of this
dy
For the linear function and triangle’s hypotenuse, in centimeters, can be written
. When graphed on the coordinate
in the form , where is an integer, what is the
lane, the function
p is perpendicular to the
u
value of ?
St
linear function . What is the value of
?
A)
a n
B)
ic
er
)
C
D)
Am
35
arold prepared a sample of bacteria. A strain of
H he population of fruit flies in a laboratory study
T
virus killed percent of the bacteria, but within a triples every days. The population at the beginning
week, the surviving population had grown of the study numbered . Which equation
percent. Which of the following represents the value represents the population of fruit flies , , in the
of the original population in terms of the new study weeks after the beginning of the study?
population ?
A)
B)
A)
B) )
C
D)
C)
D)
dy
s a probe descends to the Kuril Trench in the
A
Pacific Ocean, it records the amount of dissolved
oxygen in the water in parts per million (ppm). At
u
depths below meters, the dissolved oxygen
St
drops at a constant rate of ppm for every change
in depth of meters until it reaches zero. At a
depth of meters, the dissolved oxygen is
n
measured to be ppm. At a depth of
a
In the given system of equations,𝑘is a constant.If meters, the dissolved oxygen is measured to be
ic
the system has infinite solutions, what is the value of ppm. What is the value of ?
𝑘?
er
Am
36
rs. Brennan wants to buy computers for her
M
company and has a budget of dollars. If she buys In the given function, is an integer constant. For
computers today, they will cost each, and which of the following values of will the graph of
she will need to raise an additional . If she the function have no –intercepts?
waits two months, the computers will cost A)
each, and she will have left over. What is the B)
value of ? C)
A) D)
B)
C)
D)
The graph of in the
–plane is a circle. What is the length of the
dy
circle’s radius?
professional football team practices days a
A
week in the preseason. A water boy for the team
knows that the players drink about gallons of
u
St
water each day of preseason practice. If the water
tank in the utility room pours water at a rate of
gallons per minute, how many hours a week does the
n
water boy spend filling water containers?
a
ic
A)
er
B)
Am
C)
D)
37
In the –plane, a parabola has a vertex of
and intersects the –axis at two points.
If the equation of the parabola is in the form In the given equation, and are constants and
, where and are constants, . The equation has no solution. What is the
which of the following could be the value of value of ?
?
A)
B)
C)
D)
u dy
hich expression is equivalent to
W
St
?
A) he box plot summarizes the values in two different
T
n
data sets. Based on the box plot, which of the
a
following must be true?
B)
ic
A) The mean of set A is greater than the mean
of set B.
er
C) B) The range of set A is greater than the range
of set B.
Am
D) C) The median of set A is greater than the
median of set B.
D) The standard deviation of set A is greater
than the standard deviation of set B.
38
ow many distinct real solutions does the given
H
equation have?
A) Zero
B) Exactly one
C) Exactly two
D) Infinitely many
esearchers studying the bee population in Epsilon
R
Park divided the park into sections of identical
areas and recorded how many bee hives were found
in each sector. The results are shown in the dot plot.
If the sector that had bee hives was removed from
the data, which of the following statements is true?
A) The median and mean will decrease.
B) The median and mean will stay the same.
dy
C) The median will decrease and the mean will
stay the same.
D) The median will stay the same and the mean
will decrease. u
St
a n
ic
er
Am
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other module
in the test.
39
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