Date 8-2-22
Page No.
Exp
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Teacher's Signature
Date
Expt. No. Page No.
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Teacher's Signature
Date
Expt. No. Page No.
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cireut'e. Teacher's Signature
Date
Expt. No. Page No.
halamus| l is a lagga and mas ofoy malhe cibatkd an ithax sida
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of all the nerves and ganglia outside the central
nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. The PNS acts as a communication
system between the body and the CNS.
Components of the PNS
The PNS is divided into two major parts:
A) Somatic Nervous System (SNS):
Controls voluntary movements. Includes sensory and motor neurons that transmit information from
the skin, muscles, and joints to the CNS and vice versa.
Example: Movement of skeletal muscles.
B) Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):
Controls involuntary functions like heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, etc.
Divided into three sub-components:
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): Prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations (fight or
flight response).
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): Promotes rest and digestion (rest and digest response).
Enteric Nervous System (ENS): Manages the functions of the gastrointestinal system.
Structure of the PNS
Nerves: Bundles of axons (nerve fibers) that transmit signals.
Cranial Nerves: 12 pairs that connect the brain to various parts of the body.
Spinal Nerves: 31 pairs that connect the spinal cord to the rest of the body.
Ganglia: Clusters of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS.
Sensory Ganglia: Involved in sensory transmission.
Autonomic Ganglia: Involved in the autonomic functions, including sympathetic and parasympathetic
ganglia.
Neural Transmission
Sensory Neurons: Carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS.
Motor Neurons: Transmit signals from the CNS to muscles or glands.
Interneurons: Present in the CNS, interlink sensory and motor neurons.
