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ALL INDIA LAW ENTRANCE TEST 2022

MOCK AILET #01

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Duration : 90 Minutes Candidate Name : _____________
Max. Marks : 150 Batch : _____________
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES (Test ID: 2485314)

1. No clarification on the question paper can be sought. Answer the questions as they are.
2. There are 150 multiple choice objective type questions.
3. Each question carries ONE mark. Total marks are 150.
4. There is a negative marking of 0.25 marks for every incorrect answer.
5. Candidates have to indicate the correct answer by darkening one of the four responses provided, with a BALL PEN (BLUE
OR BLACK) in the OMR Answer Sheet.
Example: For the question, "Where is the TajMahal located?", the correct answer is (b).
The candidate has to darken the corresponding circle as indicated below :
(a) Kolkata (b) Agra (c) Bhopal (d) Delhi
Right Method Wrong Methods

6. Answering the questions by any method other than the method indicated above shall be considered incorrect and no marks
will be awarded for the same.
7. More than one response to a question shall be counted as wrong.
8. The candidate shall not write anything on the OMR Answer Sheet other than the details required and, in the spaces, provided
for.
9. After the test is over, the candidate should keep the OMR Answer Sheet and Test Paper and can carry it back with
themselves.
10. The use of any unfair means by any candidate shall result in the cancellation of his/her candidature.
11. Impersonation is an offence and the candidate, apart from disqualification, may have to face criminal prosecution.
12. The candidates shall not leave the hall before the Test is over.
13. For the assessment of your answers, the students are requested to carry smartphone with working data connection,
to punch in your answers after the test on our portal.
Students cannot leave the answers hall without punching their answers.
 SECTION-A : ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Direction(Q.1-Q.5): Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Unemployment in the country has always been a slow-burn crisis, but the urban flare-up witnessed after the
nationwide lockdown took effect on 25 March should worry policymakers. India had no safe option other than
to shut down, as only strict social isolation could have bought us the time needed to erect defences against a
rapidly advancing threat to people's lives. Nearly three months after a novel coronavirus was identified in
China, we still do not have a cure for covid-19, the disease it causes. Its virulence was sure to throw all semblance
of normal life out of gear. That livelihoods would be snatched away by it was _(A)_ obvious too. But when the
scale of the disruption is thrown into sharp relief by jobs data, it enjoins the government to respond with all the
resources it can muster to alleviate distress. According to the weekly tracker survey of the Centre for Monitoring
Indian Economy (CMIE), India's urban joblessness spiked its way above 30% over the past two weeks of the
ongoing 21-day lockdown. In contrast, this figure was just about 8.7% during the week ended 22 March, and a
little over 8.2% in the week before that. The country's overall unemployment rate, as estimated by CMIE, shot
up to nearly 24% in the last week of the previous month, falling only a bit in the first week of April.
Since CMIE is a private research organization, the government is under no obligation to either acknowledge or
act upon those grim figures. It has its own survey apparatus and some of its officials have rejected survey findings
in the past, often alleging flaws in statistical tools that could put the accuracy of some numbers in doubt.
Estimates are approximations at the best of times. Yet, under the impact of an economic shock, absolute numbers
are not as relevant as the magnitude of change. And what the private weekly tracker has revealed seems consistent
with spot reports of workers being turned out of their jobs and the reasons cited by migrants for heading back to
their villages. All this is only the immediate fallout of commercial activity having come to an abrupt halt. As
supply lines stay clamped, or struggle to regain their pep, and demand craters in one sector after another in a
sequence of second-order effects, we should expect business turmoil that will likely result in even more job
losses across the economy.
1. What threat does the author refer to when he/she says, "a rapidly advancing threat to people’s lives”?
(a) The threat of unemployment.
(b) The threat of novel coronavirus.
(c) The threat of distress caused by unemployment.
(d) The threat of loss of normalcy.
2. Which of the following statement can be correctly inferred from the given passage?
A) In absence of accurate data, estimates are our best chance.
B) The accuracy of estimates is crucial in times of crisis.
C) Estimates can be correct if accompanied by ample proof.
(a) Only A (b) Only B (c) Only C (d) All of these
3. Which of the following statement is incorrect with reference to the passage?
I. Unemployment is mainly caused by the coronavirus.
II. The coronavirus has caused unemployment on a large scale.
III. Unemployment was already a burning issue and the coronavirus just added fuel to the fire.
(a) Only I (b) Both I & II (c) Both II & III (d) Only II
4. Which of the following should fill the blank given in (A) to make it contextually correct and meaningful?
(a) regrettable (b) regretted (c) regret (d) regrettably
5. What does “out of gear” mean with reference to the passage?
(a) Dismiss (b) Disengage (c) Disarray (d) Disembark

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 Direction(Q.6-Q.11): Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
We humans pride ourselves on our ability to look beyond immediate concerns and think on a grander scale.
While other creatures preen for mates, hunt prey or build homes, only humans ponder the nature of time, explore
our place in the universe or are troubled by the question of what wiped out the dinosaurs. Yet we are often poor
at focusing on and understanding the things which really matter. A new mass extinction is under way, and this
time we are mostly responsible. The new UN Global Assessment Report warns that a million plant and animal
species are at risk of being wiped out.
Most of us find it impossible to _________ such a large number. Focusing on individual cases is only partially
helpful. Plenty of tears are shed for charismatic megafauna such as rhinos when they are driven to the brink.
Fewer know or care that two in five amphibian species are under threat. Phytoplankton drifting in the ocean are
barely noticed at all, but absorb carbon dioxide as well as being eaten by zooplankton, which in turn are eaten
by larger creatures, in turn eaten by ourselves.
It took only a century for humans to discover the dodo and drive it to extinction. But annihilation is now too
speedy and commonplace for us to even recognise each species: we are sending creatures to their deaths before
we know what they are. In many more cases species will survive, but in far tinier numbers. The biomass of wild
animals has fallen by 82%; hedgehog populations in the British countryside halved in the last half-century.
In contrast, our own population soars, and so does its consumption. Climate change is one of the major causes
of this catastrophe, bleaching corals and damaging habitats. Any sensible strategy must consider them together,
as an environmental emergency. But there are also specific challenges to wildlife, including the replacement of
forests by fields of cows; overfishing; the impact of pesticides and fertilisers; the pollution of air and water and
soil; and the spread of plastics through our oceans and food chains.
6. What is the passage about?
(a) Extinction of species.
(b) Pollution and its effect on the environment.
(c) Effects of increased human population on environment.
(d) Climate change and its causes.
7. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
1) Tears shouldn’t be shed for threat of extinction to rhinos.
2) Climate change is one of the major causes of mass extinction of species.
3) 40% of amphibian species are under the threat of extinction.
(a) Only 2 (b) Only 3 (c) Both 2 and 3 (d) Both 1 and 2
8. What does the author mean when he/ she says, “Any sensible strategy must consider them together, as an
environmental emergency.”
(a) Any strategy to tackle environmental emergence must be sensible.
(b) Mass extinction and biomass reduction must be treated as an environmental emergency.
(c) Increasing human population and climate change must be treated as an environmental emergency while
formulating any sensible strategy.
(d) Mass extinction and increasing human population must be treated as an environmental emergency while
formulating any sensible strategy.
9. Which of the following words is similar in meaning to “grander” as used in the passage?
(a) Paramount (b) Humble (c) Trivial (d) Contemptible

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10. What does the following phrase mean in the context of the given passage?
“…annihilation is now too speedy and commonplace for us to even recognise each species…”
(a) Humans are responsible for the pollution and climate change.
(b) Humans have started ignoring the importance of animal plants to the extent that they do not care even if they
get extinct
(c) Humans have become so used to destruction that they do not even recognise a species before eliminating it.
(d) Destruction has become a daily business for humans but nonetheless, they try to make up for the loss.
11. Which of the following words can fill the blank given in the passage?
(a) Visualise (b) Migrate (c) Evolve (d) Prey on
12. Match the statements from column 1 with column 2 and find which of the following pair of statements form
contextually correct sentence. Choose the correct answer from the given options.
Column 1 Column 2
A. An incandescent overhead light D. and the comfort to which they're accustomed.
B. Think about what you can add E. to your routine to lower your stress levels.
C. There are tools and tips to communicate F. ideally in a way that leaves them more curious
calmly and respectfully and less susceptible to misinformation.
(a) A-D, C-E (b) B-E, C-F (c) C-D (d) B-D

Directions(Q.13-Q.16): In the questions given below, there is a sentence in which one part is given in bold. The
part given in bold may or may not be grammatically correct. Choose the best alternative from among the four
given choices which can replace the part in bold to make the sentence grammatically correct.
13. It was essentially Japanese cinema that first draw me to into this amazing country and to a world of refinement
and restrained emotion.
(a) that first drew me to this (b) which draw me into that
(c) I was drawn in to this (d) had me drawn into that
14. Titled ‘To the Bone’ the book showcase the plight about endangered wildlife across the world by painting
colorful murals of heads of various animals.
(a) the book showcases the plight about (b) the book showcases the plight of
(c) a book showcases the plight about (d) the book showcase a plight of
15. Making science accessible would need investments of quality people who could write and translate texts in
multiple languages.
(a) will need investments of quality people who can
(b) would need investments in quality people who could
(c) will need investments in quality people who can
(d) will need investments of quality people who could
16. The Bishnoi community of Rajasthan and parts of Punjab believe that crop yield increase in fields where black
buck had gazed.
(a) crop yields increases in fields where black buck had gazed.
(b) that crop yield increase in fields where black buck were gazing.
(c) crops yields increases in fields where black buck was gazing
(d) that crop yield increases in fields where black buck have gazed.
Directions(Q.17-Q.21): In the following sentences, there are two blanks for which options have been given.
Choose the most appropriate option.
17. While these birds might stand out on land, in their …………… environment their strange colour helps them stay
hidden from …………… and prey.
(a) natural, predators (b) general, enemies
(c) artificial, adversaries (d) natural, hunters
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18. Long sea voyages usually lasted months, and they were mostly incredibly …………… and …………....
(a) reviving, boring (b) boring, uncomfortable
(c) stringent, sentimental (d) perilous, impoverished
19. The …………… you hear when the birds fly by is because of …………… that is created when air rushes over
the surface of their wings.
(a) noise, calmness (b) turbulence, reframing
(c) flutter, turbulence (d) sound, misbalance
20. Blue economy is a …………… that places the coasts and the oceans at the centre of economic growth, for a
development that is substantial …………… and inclusive.
(a) arrangement, introductory (b) mechanism, humanitarian
(c) loophole, exclusive (d) framework, sustainable
21. It is a densely populated zone and …………… to storms, tidal surges, floods and the …………… tsunami.
(a) susceptible, continual (b) vulnerable, re-occurring
(c) cordoned, occasional (d) vulnerable, occasional
Directions(Q.22-Q.26): In the questions given below, choose the most appropriate option to replace the given
sentence keeping in mind Standard English Usage.
22. Because of administering shots to wild apes is impractical, researchers plan to develop an oral version to be
delivered with bait.
(a) Because of administering shots to wild apes is impractical, researchers plan to develop an oral version to be
delivered with bait.
(b) Although administering shots to wild apes is impractical, researchers plan to develop an oral version to be
delivered with bait.
(c) Because to administer shots to wild apes impractically, researchers plan on developing an oral version to be
delivered with bait.
(d) Because administering shots to wild apes is impractical, researchers plan to develop an oral version to be
delivered with bait.
23. A recent U.K. based study suggests diets low in meat – particularly beef and lamb – takes less of a toll on the
environment.
(a) A recent U.K. based study suggests that diets low in meat – particularly beef and lamb – takes less of a toll
on the environment.
(b) Recent U.K. based studies suggests diets low in meat – particularly beef and lamb – take less of a toll in the
environment.
(c) A recent U.K. based study suggests that diets low in meat – particularly beef and lamb – take less of a toll on
the environment.
(d) A recent U.K. based study suggest diet low in meat – particularly beef and lamb – take less of a toll on the
environment.
24. These tests proves the value of placebos because approximately five percent of the patients taking them are cured
even though the placebos are made from substances that has been carefully selected to be useless.
(a) These tests proves the value of placebos because approximately five percent of the patients taking them are
cured even though the placebos are made from substances that has been carefully selected to be useless.
(b) These tests prove the value of placebos because approximately five percent of the patients taking them are
cured even though the placebos are made from substances that have been carefully selected to be useless.
(c) These tests prove the value of placebos because approximately five percent of the patients taking them was
cured even though the placebos are made from substances that has been carefully selected to be useless.
(d) These tests proves the value of placebos because approximately five percent of the patients taking them are
cured even though the placebos are made from substances that had been carefully selected to be useless.

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25. The actual curing power of placebos probably stem from the faith of the patient in the treatment.
(a) The actual curing power of placebos probably stem from the faith of the patient in the treatment.
(b) The actual curing powers of placebos probably stems from the faith of the patient on the treatment.
(c) The actual curing power of placebos probably stems in the faith of the patient in the treatment.
(d) The actual curing power of placebos probably stems from the faith of the patient in the treatment.
26. Everyday things starts to feel timeless when they have an aura of mystery: a woman’s foot, a family on a beach
– these scenes could be from any decade.
(a) Everyday things starts to feel timeless when it has an aura of mystery: a woman’s foot, a family on a beach
– these scenes could be from any decade.
(b) Everyday things start to feel timeless when they have an aura of mystery: a woman’s foot, a family on a
beach – this scenes could be from any decade.
(c) Everyday thing start to feel timeless when it has an aura of mystery: a woman’s foot, a family on a beach –
these scenes could be from any decade.
(d) Everyday things start to feel timeless when they have an aura of mystery: a woman’s foot, a family on a
beach – these scenes could be from any decade.
27. In each of the questions given below, a sentence is given with three words in bold. Three answer choices are
given giving replacements to the words in bold. Select the option that gives the correct combination of the answer
choices.
A group of scholars, including the first-century Jewish historian Josephus, have propagated a/an joining
between the Israelites and the Hyksos, a mysterious Semitic people.
1. handful, suggested, link
2. bunch, uncovered, connection
3. number, advised, association
(a) Only 2 (b) Both 1 and 2 (c) Both 1 and 3 (d) Both 2 and 3
28. In each of the questions given below, a sentence is given with three words in bold. Three answer choices are
given giving replacements to the words in bold. Select the option that gives the correct combination of the answer
choices.
Infuriated of further punishment, the Egyptians cajoled their ruler to liberate the Israelites, and Moses
quickly leads them out of Egypt.
1. Terrified, convinced, release
2. Afraid, evinced, loosen
3. Scared, persuaded, free
(a) Both 1 and 3 (b) Both 1 and 2 (c) All the three (d) Both 2 and 3
29. In each of the following questions a sentence is given with a part missing. Out of the remaining options choose
the one that provides the filler that most suits the context and is grammatically correct.
The gate for the Victoria Memorial building was designed by Vincent Esch in 1921 and shipped in whole from
England, ______________ cast iron lift cage of Government House, the country's first lift installed in 1892.
1. likewise the intricately patterned
2. just like the intricately patterned
3. as was the intricately patterned
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 and 3 (c) Only 1 and 2 (d) 1, 2 and 3
30. In each of the questions given below, a part of the sentence is missing. Choose the part(s) that fits in the sentence
contextually and grammatically.
Not long ago the idea of repairing the brain's wiring to fight addiction would have ______________.
A. seeming far-fetched
B. seemed far-fetched
C. seemingly far-fetched
(a) Only A and B (b) Only B (c) Only B and C (d) Only A and C
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31. In each of the questions given below, a part of the sentence is missing. Choose the part(s) that fits in the sentence
contextually and grammatically.
Discussion and debate on how families are _____________ the harassment of usurious lenders, which often
pushes them to end their lives.
A. unable to bear
B. inability to tolerate
C. not able to cope with
(a) Only A (b) Only A and B (c) Only B and C (d) Only A and C
32. In each of the questions given below, a part of the sentence is missing. Choose the part(s) that fits in the sentence
contextually and grammatically.
Reclaiming wetlands from the edges of cities like New Orleans and Kolkata ___________ urban growth, but
decimates habitats through drainage and pollution.
A. further enhances
B. allows for
C. greatly facilitate
(a) Only A (b) Only A and B (c) Only B and C (d) Only A and C
33. In each of the questions given below, a part of the sentence is missing. Choose the part(s) that fits in the sentence
contextually and grammatically.
In the era of digitalisation, we sometimes misuse and misunderstand ____________ around us.
A. few of the technology
B. some of the technology
C. much of the technology
(a) Only C (b) Only A and B (c) Only B and C (d) Only A and C
34. “I am so hungry I could eat an Elephant” is an example of?
(a) Hyperbole (b) Smile (c) Assonance (d) Consonance
35. What kind of figure of speech occurs when a writer gives human traits to a non-human or inanimate object?
(a) Hyperbole (b) Paradox (c) Simile (d) Personification
36. Which of the following is an example of Personification?
(a) Shivam is as thin as a toothpick. (b) A camel is the ship of the desert.
(c) An enemy’s friend is an enemy. (d) The moon smiled at her.
37. The sentence “Go and Mow the field” is an example of?
(a) Assonance (b) Consonance (c) Hyperbole (d) Simile
Directions(Q.38-Q.42): In each of the questions below, four pairs of words are given. Choose the option that
gives the correct combination of words that are synonyms/antonyms. Mark your answer by selecting the
appropriate option.
38. A. Virulent B. Tangential C. Supercilious D. Rancorous
(a) Both A and B (b) Both C and D (c) Both A and C (d) Both A and D
39. A. Vicissitude B. Spavined C. Nonchalance D. Vigorous
(a) A and C (b) B and C (c) B and D (d) A and D
40. A. Fawner B. Punctilious C. Ungracious D. Vacuous
(a) A and B (b) B and C (c) C and D (d) A and D
41. A. Purism B. Conch C. Stentorian D. Muffled
(a) A and C (b) B and C (c) A and D (d) C and D

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42. A. Vituperative B. Disbursement C. Plaintive D. Bestowal
(a) B and D (b) A and B (c) C and D (d) A and D
43. In the questions below, four alternatives are given for the Idiom/Phrase underlined in the sentence. Choose the
alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.
You are only digging your own grave if you choose to waste your time now instead of working hard.
(a) to engage in wrongful activities that can spoil one's life
(b) do something unwise that causes one's failure in the future
(c) to have an unhealthy lifestyle
(d) to not want to live any more
44. Four alternatives are given for the idiom/phrase underlined in the sentence. Choose the correct alternative that
best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase.
He was at cloud nine when India won the Cricket world Cup.
(a) to go beyond the limits (b) unable believe what had happened
(c) extremely happy (d) feeling very fortunate
45. In the following question, sentence given with a blank to be filled in with an appropriate word. Four alternatives
are suggested for the question. Choose the correct alternative out of the four and indicate it by selecting the
appropriate option.
As he went through the street on a/ an __________ that morning, he saw a woman with a cat under her arm.
(a) errand (b) objection (c) goal (d) tasks
Passage(Q.46-Q.50): Classic fairy tales are being revisited and diverse characters added. But even H.C.
Andersen and the Brothers Grimm modified stories to reflect the values of their time. The birthplace of Hans
Christian Andersen, who was born in 1805, is an inconspicuous one-story yellow house in the small Danish town
of Odense. His stories are still popular today. From “The Ugly Duckling” to “The Emperor’s New Clothes,” the
tales have inspired many film and theater adaptations, including Disney movies, such as the popular “Frozen”
franchise, which borrows from Andersen’s “The Snow Queen.”
The Danish author’s first home has served as the Hans Christian Andersen Museum since 1930. The museum
has meanwhile become part of an affluent neighborhood and has been completely renovated and rebuilt by
Japanese architect Kengo Kuma, whose firm was also responsible for the new Olympic Stadium in Tokyo. The
historic H.C. Andersen Hus serves as the entrance to an upper and underground fairy tale world.
“We had the feeling that the guests in the old museum wanted something more than a traditional birthplace
museum,” explained museum employee Lone Weidemann. “People want to dive into his fairy tales because
that’s what they know. They need his imagination and inspiration for their everyday lives.” Countless films,
video games and novels have in recent years contributed to renewing well-known fairy tales by classic European
authors.
Classic European fairy tales such as “Snow White” by the Brothers Grimm, “Cinderella” by Charles Perrault or
“The Princess and the Pea” by Hans Christian Andersen are actually based on much older sources, explains
Handel, who adds that many of these stories already existed in written form at the time. The widespread belief
that the Brothers Grimm collected and wrote down old folk tales that had until then primarily been transmitted
orally is therefore just a myth.
The Brothers Grimm “sold their fairy tales to the outside world as something other than what they really were,”
explains Handel. Many of their sources were written, and above all of international origin. Contributing to this
cultural crossover was the fact that the city of Kassel, where the Brothers Grimm lived, was under French
occupation during their lifetime. While Hans Christian Andersen did not claim that his stories came from popular
oral sources, he still used culturally diverse and older tales and themes, adapting them to the values of his time.
“His typical hero or heroine is a God-fearing good person who is then rewarded,” summarizes Handel. The
original stories weren’t Christian fairy tales at all; they were just reworked that way.”
“When we read ‘Snow White ‘today, we think we already know how the story goes. Most people are not even
aware that there are very different versions ancient versions of the fairy tale around the world,” explains Handel.

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 Today, the myth of the national “folk tale” is no longer central to these stories; it is rather their intercultural and
international origins that is in the spotlight, points out Handel.
46. If the author were to continue this article what topic he would continue with?
(a) The fairy tales. (b) Fairy tales in dismay
(c) Fairy tales in the 21st century. (d) The ancient era of fairy tales.
47. Select the incorrect statement according to the above-mentioned passage?
(a) Folk tale is no longer the key emphasis in the story.
(b) Brothers Grimm sold their tales as something other than what they already were.
(c) Snow queen is inspired from snow white.
(d) Many people are unaware about the different ancient versions of fairy tales.
48. Why did the story writer modify the stories?
(a) To reflect the true essence of the story (b) To reflect the gist of the story
(c) To reflect the values in the story (d) To reflect values of their time.

49. Why according to the passage people want to dive in into fairy tales?
(a) Because that is what they know. (b) That is what they need and want.
(c) That is what they have to see. (d) That is the only option left for them
50. Point out the irony mentioned in the passage?
(a) Fairy tales are the needs yet half of it is unrecognized.
(b) People love fairy tales but fears to get addicted.
(c) The stories were not Christian but they were revoked to be that way.
(d) Brother grim portrayed in the story what they did not were.

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 SECTION-B : GENERAL KNOWLEDGE/CURRENT AFFAIRS

51. How many Union territories in India have a State legislative Assembly?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6

52. Consider the following about the Global Innovation Index, 2021:
I. India has ranked 46th in the Global Innovation Index, 2021.
II. The Republic of Korea joins the top 5 of the GII for the first time in 2021.
Which of the above is/are true?
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II

53. The Supreme Court of India upheld the Validity of Armed Force Special Powers Act in which of the following
years?
(a) Naga People's Movement of Human Rights v Union of India
(b) Peoples Union for Civil Liberty v Union of India
(c) Young India Lawyers Associations v. State of Kerala
(d) Navtej Singh Joher v. Union of India

54. Which of the following States in India has the largest number of large Dams?
(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Karnataka (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Maharashtra

55. Which of the following is TRUE about the EWS category Reservation?
(a) It was introduced under the 100th Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2019.
(b) It inserted Article 15 (4) and Article 16 (4) to the Constitution of India.
(c) It provides 15 per cent reservation to the the poor not covered by the 50% reservation policy for Scheduled
Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC).
(d) The EWS reservation is NOT mandatory but optional for the State Governments.

56. Which of the following Countries is not a part of Collective Security Treaty Organisation?
(a) Armenia (b) Belarus (c) Kyrgyzstan (d) Uzbekistan

57. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about G20?

(a) India will host the First G20 Summit in 2023.
(b) It accounts for more than 80 per cent of global GDP, 75 per cent of global trade and 60 per cent of the global
population.
(c) Piyush Goyal is the G20 Sherpa from India.
(d) The permanent secretariat of G20 is in New York.

58. Which of the following Indian cities have recently designated as a part of UNESCO Creative Cities Network?
(a) Mumbai (b) Srinagar (c) Chennai (d) Varanasi

59. Consider the following about Reserve Bank of India ombudsman:

I. The scheme is jurisdiction neutral and a centralized receipt and processing centre has been set-up in
Chandigarh for initial handling of complaints in any language.
II. RBI’s Executive Director-in charge of Consumer Education and Protection Department would be the
Appellate Authority under the integrated scheme.
Which of the above is/are true?
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Both I and II (d) Neither II nor II

60. The First Audit Diwas was observed on which of the following days last year?
(a) 25th December (b) 01st December (c) 16th November (d) 02nd November
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61. In the Worldwide Cost of Living Report, which country has been ranked as the world’s most expensive city to
live in?
(a) New York (b) Paris (c) Singapore (d) Tel Aviv

62. Which of the following is TRUE about the Preamble to the Constitution of India?
(a) The Preamble has been amended twice since the enactment of the Constitution.
(b) The Preamble was added to the Constitution after the enactment of Constitution itself.
(c) B.R. Ambedkar wrote the Preamble of Constitution of India.
(d) 42nd Amendment to the Constitution added words Secular and Socialist to the preamble.

63. Which of the following is TRUE about UN Resolution Condemning Russian Aggression?
(a) The draft resolution was co-sponsored by the US and Albania
(b) While 11 countries voted in favour of the resolution.
(c) India and China abstained from Voting.
(d) All of the above

64. India has launched an evacuation mission to bring back all the Indian nationals who are currently stranded in
Ukraine. Which of the following is the name of the mission?
(a) Operation Shakti (b) Operation Ganga
(c) Operation Shanti (d) Operation Garud

65. Consider the following about India in the World Inequality Report 2022:
I. The top 1% of the population hold more than one-fifth of the total national income in 2021 and the bottom
half just 13%.
II. The female labour income share is equal to 18% which is significantly lower than the average in Asia.
Which of the above is/are true?
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
66. NDPS Amendment bill 2021 was passed by the Lok Sabha in order to rectify the error made by the previous
amendment which was passed in which of the following years?
(a) 2012 (b) 2014 (c) 2018 (d) 2020
67. Which of the following Supercomputer has been recently installed at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
Bengaluru?
(a) Param 8000 (b) Param Pravega (c) Param Yukti (d) Param Shakti
68. Exercise Eastern Bridge VI is a bilateral military exercise between India and which of the following nations?
(a) Britain (b) Oman (c) France (d) USA

69. Total number of Ramsar site in India have increased to which of the following?
(a) 46 (b) 47 (c) 48 (d) 49

70. According to the Economic Survey of India 2022, the Indian economy is estimated to grow by what percent in
real terms in 2021-22?
(a) 7.3 per cent (b) 8.3 per cent (c) 9.2 per cent (d) 9.8 per cent

71. Consider the following about China Pakistan Economic Corridor:

I. It is a 3,000-km long route of infrastructure projects connecting China’s northwest Xinjiang Uygur
Autonomous Region and the Gwadar Port in Pakistan.
II. CPEC is not a part of the Belt and Road Initiative but a separate China-Pakistan Bilateral tie.
Which of the above is/are true?
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
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72. So as to elevate the socio-economic status of a sizable section of the 14-lakh-strong population of tribals and
nomadic communities, the government of which state has decided in favour of implementing the Forest Rights
Act, 2006?
(a) Gujarat (b) Maharashtra (c) Uttrakhand (d) Jammu and Kashmir

73. Recently the Rajya Sabha has passed the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2021, which
seeks to amend the constitutional list of Scheduled Tribes as recommended by which of the following state?
(a) Haryana (b) Assam (c) Kerala (d) Arunachal Pradesh

74. Recently, the Union government has filed an affidavit in the Supreme Court claiming that a caste census of the
Backward Classes is administratively difficult and cumbersome.The government’s assertion came in response
to a writ petition filed by which of the following state government?
(a) West Bengal (b) Delhi (c) Punjab (d) Maharashtra

75. Which of the following state’s Legal Service Authority organised 2 nd National Lok Adalat of 2021, in which
over 94297 Cases have been settled mutually involving an amount of 3,59,44,56,371 in the 2nd National Lok
Adalat 2021?
(a) Haryana (b) MP (c) Rajasthan (d) Chattisgarh

Directions (Q.76-Q.80): The government has notified new rules under which the gestational limit for
termination of a pregnancy has been increased for certain categories of women. The new rules come under the
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2021 passed by Parliament in March.
According to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Rules, 2021, these categories include
survivors of sexual assault or rape or incest, minors, women whose marital status changes during an ongoing
pregnancy (widowhood and divorce) and those with physical disabilities.

76. The current gestational limit for termination of a pregnancy has been increased to 24 for certain women, from
the earlier limit of how many weeks?
(a) 16 (b) 18 (c) 20 (d) 21

77. Which of the following category of women is not allowed under the new rules?
(a) Women in disaster or emergency situations
(b) Minors
(c) Women with Change in marital status during pregnancy
(d) Surrogate Mothers

78. In cases of foetal malformation, who will decide if a pregnancy may be terminated after 24 weeks?
(a) District Medical Board (b) State Medical Board
(c) State Medical Council (d) District Medical Council

79. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2021 was passed to amend which of the following?
(a) MTP Act, 1966 (b) MTP Act, 1971 (c) MTP Act, 1985 (d) MTP Act, 1999

80. According to the MTP act, upto what time period the termination of pregnancy is allowed with just one doctor’s
advice?
(a) Upto 12 weeks (b) Upto 16 weeks (c) Upto 20 weeks (d) Upto 24 weeks

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 SECTION - C: LOGICAL REASONING
81. A hard disk drive runs the risk of data loss as it has moving parts which may crash due to shock and also when
brought in to a strong magnetic field.
However, a microchip has no moving part and is also not influenced by magnetic field. Hence, there is no risk
of data loss with microchip.
Which of the following, if true, weakens the conclusion drawn above?
(a) Presently no company has technology to manufacture these kind of microchips at a large scale.
(b) The strength of the magnetic field required to cause loss of data in hard disk is too huge to be created in
normal conditions.
(c) There are factors other than shocks and magnetic fields that can cause data loss.
(d) Microchips are vulnerable to temperature changes in the same fashion as hard disks are to magnetic fields.
82. The dark memories of the 2001 riots are kept alive only by a handful of public interest litigation secularists and
a section of the media that insists on visiting the site of burned homes as an annual candle lit television pilgrimage
as if they have bought season tickets for an ongoing horror exhibition. The state has moved on. So have its
minorities. The minority mood against the Chief Minister has changed considerably in the last decade.
Which of the following, if true, strengthens the arguments?
(a) The Chief Minister is a secular leader.
(b) Most of the minority candidates won in the recently held municipal elections in the state.
(c) An overwhelming portion of minorities voted for the Chief Minister in the recently held municipal elections
in the state.
(d) The ruling party did not field a single minority community candidate in the recently held municipal elections
in the state.
83. Throughout history, India’s famed textiles were woven using indigenous cotton varieties. However, in colonial
times, American long — staple cotton was introduced for large—scale export, for mill production of cloth in
Britain. Reverting to the use of indigenous cotton will rescue Indian textile industry from its predicaments.
Which of the following, if true, strengthens the arguments?
(a) Over 90 percent of cotton grown in India today is American long staple cotton.
(b) There are fundamental shifts in the cotton industry.
(c) The potential of indigenous cotton as a source of livelihood for millions of poor people is ignored in
independent India.
(d) The cost of cultivating American long-staple cotton is very high, leading to erosion of profits while it is very
low for indigenous cotton.
84. We are heading into a crucial election. Is it too much to ask for some transparency from the media? Or are they
above and beyond all scrutiny? Everybody knows the political alignments of various newspapers and news
channels.
Which of the following, if true, weakens the argument?
(a) Voters are fiercely individualistic and rarely gets swayed by media brain—washing.
(b) The question of being neutral simply does not arise today.
(c) The mighty anchors of TV are invariably pushing an agenda, either their own or the channel owner’s.
(d) Anchors and editors go to great lengths to disguise their prejudices.
85. We describe and define ourselves by education, profession and family. We inscribe this transactional identity
even on our business cards. Ask an elderly person, “Who are you? What do you do?, he/she will reply, “I’m
retired. I do nothing”.
Which of the following statements can be concluded from the above?
(a) We are ignoring our spiritual identity.
(b) Whether we are working or retired, we are alive.
(c) Age may slow us down.
(d) Without professional qualifications we feel we are non — entities.
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86. Consider the following statements:
I. Countries with young population grow faster.
II. India has the youngest population in the world.
Ill. Amongst all countries the growth rate of Japan is the lowest.
From the above statements, it may be concluded that:
(a) India is growing at a faster rate than Japan.
(b) us and India have a similar population split.
(c) There are no young people in Japan.
(d) It is difficult for old people to work longer hours.

87. What do you do when you encounter fear within yourself? Most probably, the first thing you do is try to look
brave; start humming, or acting strong, which means you do not accept this emotion. As if fear is something to
be ashamed of! Fear activates specific areas of the brain, and the activation of these areas is associated with an
increased blood flow, trembling of the limbs, tightening of muscles exciting the nervous system.
What is the most logical, rational and crucial message that is implied in the above passage?
(a) Fear should be avoided as it makes one feel sick.
(b) People need not mask their feelings of fear.
(c) Only the weak accept their feelings of fear.
(d) Fear that arises from within is good for health

88. At one time, when agricultural markets were underdeveloped, intermediaries played an important role in price
discovery by matching buyers with sellers. Over time, as demand for agricultural output has grown, these
intermediaries have turned into no more than special interests, skimming off a significant portion of the returns
that should justly accrue to the farmers. If one has to look at the reason for India’s underdeveloped farm markets,
one need not look far: their political heft has ensured that no worthwhile market reforms occur in the states.
Which one of the following statements is most essential as a part of the argument in the above passage?
(a) Intermediaries have a role to play in setting the price.
(b) Farmers do not get the right value for their produce.
(c) Influencers in the market do not allow reforms.
(d) Clout of the intermediaries has increased with time.

89. Seema: Women are better cooks than men as cooking comes naturally to women.
Veena: No. Like all other skills, cooking needs to be learned and both men and women can excel at it.
Based on Veena’s statement, which one of the following best describes her?
(a) Veena does not support gender roles and believes that everyone should learn what they want to.
(b) Veena does not think cooking is difficult to learn and that’s why even men can excel at it.
(c) Veena thinks since men are superior to women, they can excel at jobs that are generally considered a
woman’s domain.
(d) Veena does not believe in stereotyping and thinks that it is one’s knowledge that makes one an expert and
not their gender.

90. Direction: Answer on the basis of the given information.

Assertion (A): LPG gas is used for cylinders
Reason (R): LPG has a strong smell and hence easy to detect leakage.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the reason behind A
(b) Both A and R are true but A is not the reason behind A
(c) Only A is true and R is false.
(d) Both A and R are false.

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91. Direction: Answer on the basis of the given information.
Assertion (A): Action in Torts is a civil remedy
Reason (R): It can only be brought about if the plaintiff suffers some physical harm.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the reason behind A
(b) Both A and R are true but A is not the reason behind A
(c) Only A is true and R is false.
(d) Both A and R are false.

92. An American golf ball maker experienced sluggish sales in Japan until he realized that his Japanese distributor
had packaged his product in bags of four.
Which of the following, if true, would bet explain why sales had suffered?
(a) Japanese are not comfortable with imported goods.
(b) ‘Four’ when pronounced aloud sounds exactly like a hateful Japanese word of abuse.
(c) A bag containing four golf balls is very unwieldy.
(d) Japanese give more importance to the package than the product.

93. A team of scientists have opined that normal exposure to daylight can significantly increase alertness. Using a
series of brain scans they observed that the light from a window caused several areas of the brain to become
more active.
Which of the following, if not true, most seriously weakens the above argument?
(a) The biological clock in human beings is responsible for the alertness that we display for half a day.
(b) Workers working night shifts at a factory were found to be less productive than those doing the day shifts.
(c) The mental alertness of a person working alone at a desk near a window was higher than that of another
working with a group in the cellar at the same time of day.
(d) When the light from the window was in excess of tolerable limits, it increased the alertness of persons sitting
near the window.

94. Direction: In the question given below, one statement is followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. Read
the statement carefully and decide which of the given assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement.
Statement: The Daily Parasite newspaper reported last week how the laboratory systematically kept the ratio of
female students at just below a third, due to concerns about their ability to continue working after their marriage.
Assumptions:
I. All Female researchers definitely marry.
II. Female researchers join the laboratory in order to get married.
(a) Only ‘I is implicit. (b) Only II’ is implicit.
(c) Both, ‘I and ‘III are implicit. (d) Neither 1 nor ‘II’ is implicit

95. Direction: In the question given below, one statement is followed by three assumptions numbered I, II and III.
Read the statement carefully and decide which of the given assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement.
Statement:
An investigative report by The Wall Street Journal last week has raised troubling questions about whether
Facebook, the world’s largest social media network, goes easy on hate speech violations by some BJP leaders
so as to be in the good book of the ruling party.
Assumptions:
I. Facebook never takes actions against Profiles of BJP leaders.
II. Every violation on Facebook if reported always results in deactivation of that account.
III. Hate speech violations are prevalent on all social networking websites.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit. (b) Only assumptions I and II are implicit.
(c) Only assumption III is implicit. (d) Neither of assumptions is implicit.

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 Directions(Q.96 & Q.97): Each question given below consists of a main statement followed by four numbered
statements. From the numbered statements, select the one that logically follows the main statement.

96. If you enjoy showing off your knowledge or feeling superior, you will become a teacher.
(a) You have enjoyed showing off your knowledge means that you will become a teacher.
(b) You did not become a teacher means that you enjoyed neither showing off your knowledge nor feeling
superior.
(c) You enjoyed feeling superior implies that you will become a teacher.
(d) More than one of the above.

97. You’re not going to achieve what you want unless you stop thinking with your fingers and start thinking with
your mind.
(a) You achieved what you want implies that you either stopped thinking with your fingers or started thinking
with your mind.
(b) You neither stopped thinking with your fingers nor started thinking with your mind means that you will not
achieve what you want.
(c) You achieved what you want but did not stop thinking with your fingers means that you started thinking with
your mind.
(d) You did not stop thinking with your fingers means that you are not going to achieve what you want and
started thinking with your mind.

98. In the question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions number I and II. An assumption is
something supposed or considered to be true. You have to consider the statement and following assumptions and
decide which of the assumptions is implicit the statement.
Statement: “You must learn to refer to dictionary if you want to become a good writer.” - A advises B.
Assumptions: I. Only writers refer to the dictionary.
II. All writers good or bad refer to the dictionary.
(a) if only Assumption I is implicit.
(b) if only Assumption II is implicit.
(c) if either Assumption I or Assumption II is implicit.
(d) if neither Assumption I nor Assumption II is implicit.

99. In the question below are given few statements depicting an issue or a problem. You have to assume everything
in the statements to be true and on the basis of the information given in the statements, decide which of the
suggested courses of action logically follow(s).
A large number of student in School V have fallen sick ever since the school decided to employ XYZ Caterers
to serve food in the school canteen.
1. The school should issue health and hygiene standards to the caterers.
2. The school should conduct an investigation into the hygiene precautions taken by the caterers to see if they
are inadequate.
(a) Only 1 follows (b) Only 2 follows
(c) Either 1 or 2 follows (d) Both 1 and 2 follow

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100. In each of the questions below, a statement is given followed by two situations which may or may not be a cause
or effect of the event described in the statement. The situation(s) may also be neutral. From the given options
choose the one that depicts the correct relationship between the statement and the situations.
Statement: Employees, investors, and partners don’t just follow anyone - they follow leaders who have
command of the business and command or the stage.
Situation I: Leaders who have command of the business have shown consistent progress in generating huge
revenues for the company.
Situation II: Investors only following the leaders with good business sense has led to some non-profitable
ventures for several businesses.
(a) I is cause and II is neutral (b) II is cause and I is effect
(c) Both I and II are causes (d) Both I and II are neutral

101. In the question below are given few statements depicting an issue or a problem. You have to assume everything
in the statements to be true and on the basis of the information given, decide which of the suggested courses of
action logically follow(s)
Due to reduction in airline fares: a large number of people are opting to travel by air rather than in upper classes
of trains.
Which of the following is the most suitable course(s) of action?
1. The railways should reduce the number of upper class seats/berths to accommodate the lower demands.
2. The railways should reduce the fares of the upper class so that it can retain its customers.
(a) Only 1 follows (b) Only 2 follows
(c) Either 1 or 2 follows (d) Neither 1 nor 2 follows

102. In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is
something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and
decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.
Statement: “If you are a mechanical engineer we want you as our supervisor” An advertisement by company
X.
Assumptions: I. Mechanical engineers are expected to be better performers by company X.
II. The company X needs supervisors.
(a) If only assumption I is implicit. (b) If only assumption II is implicit.
(c) If both assumptions I and II are implicit. (d) If neither assumption I nor II is implicit.

Direction(Q.103 & Q.104): In the following questions, two statements numbered A and B are given. There may
be a cause and effect relationship between the two statements. These two statements may be the effect of the
same cause or independent causes. These statements may be independent causes without having any relationship.
Read both the statements in each question and mark your answer as:

103. A) John passed away while on the way to be taken to the hospital.
B) A truck dashed into the car on the highway which John was driving.
(a) A is effect and B is its immediate and principal cause
(b) B is the effect and A is its immediate and principal cause
(c) A is the effect, but B is not its immediate and principal cause
(d) B is the effect, but A is not an immediate and principal cause

104. A) Tina has been infected with a peculiar skin disease which seems incurable.
B) The previous week, Tina had gone for a trekking camp in an offshore village of the country.
(a) A is effect and B is its immediate and principal cause
(b) B is the effect and A is its immediate and principal cause
(c) A is the effect, but B is not its immediate and principal cause
(d) B is the effect, but A is not an immediate and principal cause
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105. In each of the following questions, select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives.
Necklace : Adornment : : ?
(a) Medal : Decoration (b) Bronze : Team
(c) Bottle : Dress (d) Window : House

106. Mr. Khan has celebrated his birthday on Tuesday 30th, September 1997. When will he celebrate his birthday on
the same day again?
(a) 30 Sept 2004 (b) 30 Sept 2002 (c) 30 Sept 2001 (d) 30 Sept 2003

107. If the time shown by a clock is, 4 hours 15 minutes and the reflection of this clock is seen in a mirror, then the
time shown in the mirror is
(a) 7 hours 15 minutes (b) 8 hours 25 minutes
(c) 7 hours 35 minutes (d) 7 hours 45 minutes

108. Two letters in the given series are put in bracket. Which of the bracketed letters are correct?
L, I, (D), S, F, Q, (X), C, F
(a) First bracketed letter is incorrect but the second is correct
(b) Both the bracketed letters are correct
(c) First bracketed letter is correct but the second is incorrect
(d) Both the bracketed letters are incorrect

Directions(Q.109 & Q.110): Seven members of a family consists of two generations in which either both or
none of the parents are alive. F is daughter-in-law of A. G is the sister-in-law of C. D is the mother of G. Neither
B nor E is married to F. B, who is male is not the father of F. F is either sister or sister-in-law of G.

109. If J is the child of C, then how J is related to G?

(a) Cousin (b) Niece (c) Nephew (d) Cannot be determined
110. Who is the mother-in-law of C?
(a) A (b) E (c) D (d) Either A or D
Directions(Q.111-Q.115): These questions are based on the following information.
A through J are the ten cricketers out of which E, G and H are pace bowlers, C and F are wicket keepers. A and
B are batsmen. D is a spinner, H, I and J are all-rounders. A team has to be selected from these players subject
to the following conditions.
(i) B and D cannot be selected together.
(ii) If one batsman is selected than the other one must also be selected.
(iii) Exactly one wicket keeper must be selected.
(iv) Exactly one pace bowler must be selected.
(v) If one all rounder is selected then the other two must also be selected.
(vi) B and I cannot be selected together.
111. If D is selected then in how many ways can a team be selected?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 6
112. If A is selected, what could the maximum possible number of players in that team (including A be)?
(a) 3 or 4 (b) 2 or 3 (c) 4 (d) 3
113. If only three players are selected then who cannot be selected in that team?
(a) G (b) D (c) E (d) B
114. The maximum possible number of players that can be selected in a team is
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 8

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115. If five players were selected in a team, then who among the following can be selected in that team?
(a) B (b) C (c) E (d) G
116. In each of the questions below are given some statements followed by some conclusions. You have to take the
given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the
conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements
disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
Some pans are tracks.
Some tracks are thugs
All thugs are cubes.
Some cubes are caps.
Conclusions:
I. Some cubes are tracks.
II. Some thugs are caps.
Ill. Some cubes are pans.
IV. Some caps are tracks.
(a) None follows (b) Only I follows (c) Only III follows (d) Only II follows
117. In each of the questions below are given some statements followed by some conclusions. You have to take the
given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the
conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements
disregarding commonly known facts
Statements:
Some tubes are fakes.
All fakes are bats.
All bats are figs.
No fig is a gun.
Conclusions:
I. No bat is a gun.
II. Some tubes are bats.
Ill. Some tubes are figs.
(a) Only I and II follow (b) Only II and III follow
(c) Only I and III follow (d) All follow
118. In each of the questions below are given some statements followed by some conclusions. You have to take the
given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts.
Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given
statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All curves are lamps.
No lamp is a mow.
Some mows are cars.
All cars are boots.
Conclusion:
I. Some boots are lamps.
II. Some mows are curves.
Ill. No boot is a lamp.
IV. Some cars are lamps.
(a) None follows (b) Only II follows
(c) Only III follows (d) Only either I or III follows

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 Directions(Q.119-Q.123): Seven persons A, B, C, D, E, F and G belonging to a sports club play a different sport
and also each one of them plays a different musical instrument. The seven different sports are Golf, Cricket,
Swimming, Kabaddi, Chess, Snooker and Trekking and the seven musical instruments are drum, harmonium,
flute, guitar, saxophone, violin and piano. B plays cricket and violin. E likes to play kabaddi but not harmonium
or guitar. The one who plays snooker plays saxophone. F plays drums but does not swim or play golf. A treks
and plays flute. The one who plays golf does not play guitar. G plays snooker and C plays harmonium.

119. Who plays guitar?

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

120. C plays which game ?

(a) Golf (b) Chess (c) Swimming (d) Kabaddi

121. Which of the following combinations is correct?

(a) A-Tekking – harmonium (b) B-Swimming-Flute
(c) C-Golf-harmonium (d) E-kabaddi-drum

122. Who plays piano?

(a) D (b) E (c) B (d) F

123. Who is the swimmer?

(a) A (b) C (c) E (d) D

Directions(Q.124-Q.126): These questions are based on the following information.

Five persons – P, Q, R, S and T are of different heights and different weights. Further, it is known that
(1) Either P or Q is the tallest.
(2) T is taller as well as heavier than both S and R.
(3) The heaviest person is the third tallest whereas the second tallest is the lightest.
(4) Only one person is lighter than Q, R is heavier and shorter than S.

124. Who is the lightest?

(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S

125. Who is / are taller and heavier than S?

(a) P and T (b) Only T (c) Only T and Q (d) Only R

126. How many persons are heavier than P?

(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Four

Direction(Q.127-Q.130): Each of the five persons – A, B, C, D and E – own a car of different colour among –
red, blue, green, yellow and pink. The colour of the house of each of them is one of the five colours. For none
of the persons is the colour of the car and the colour of the house the same. We know the following additional
information.
(i) Neither the house nor the car of D is green.
(ii) B has a red coloured car and a yellow coloured house.
(iii) None of the five has a house that is pink or blue in colour.
(iv) Exactly two persons have a house that is red in colour.
(v) The colour of the car of E is same as the colour of the house of D.
(vi) The colour of the car of C is same as the colour of the house of E.
(vii) The person who has the pink coloured car does not have a red coloured house.

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127. Who has the blue coloured car?
(a) E (b) A (c) C (d) D
128. Which of the following coloured houses were possessed by exactly two persons?
(a) Only Red (b) Only Green
(c) Both Red and Yellow (d) Both Red and Green
129. What is the colour of the house of A?
(a) Red (b) Green (c) Yellow (d) Blue
130. Which of the following is definitely true?
(a) A has a red colored car (b) E has a pink colored car
(c) D has a red colored house (d) E has a green colored house
131. Legal Principles:
1. The act of using threats to force another person to enter into a contract is called coercion.
2. The act of using influence on another and taking undue advantage of that person is called undue influence.
3. In order to prove that it is coercion, the existence of the use of threat, in any form and manner, is necessary.
If the coercion is proved, the person who has been so threatened can refuse to abide by the contract.
4. In order for proving that it is undue influence, there has to be a pre-existing relationship between the parties
to a contract. The relationship has to be of such a nature that one is in a position to influence the other.
5. If it is proven that there has been undue influence, the party who has been so influenced need not enforce the
contract or perform his obligations under the contract.
Factual Situation: Ankit and Rohit are best friends. They both belong from different cities, but stayed in the
same city. Ankit is the son of a multi-millionaire business person, Ramesh who owns Siyaram Works & Co.
Rohit is the son of a government employee, Dheeraj. Ankit and Rohit meet daily after the working hours, they
goes together everywhere in the parties and other places. Their families were also familiar to each other and
maintain good relations towards each other. But Rohit and his father Dheeraj was so fascinated and somewhere
they were jealous by the business of Ankit and Ramesh which was Siyaram Works & Co.
One day, Ankit is abducted from his office by Rohit. Ramesh receives a phone call from Dheeraj telling him that
if he does not make Rohit the Managing Director of Siyaram Works & Co, Ankit will be killed. Ramesh
reluctantly agrees to make the Rohit the Managing Director. Subsequently, Ramesh and Rohit sign an
employment contract. However, as soon as Ankit is released and safely returns home, Ramesh tells Rohit that
he will not enforce the employment contract. Rohit and Dheeraj are not sure as to what is to be done next. Decide
according to the principles and factual situation, whether there is coercion or not, if it is then who coerces whom:
(a) Ankit coerces Rohit. (b) Rohit coerces Ramesh.
(c) Dheeraj coerces Ramesh. (d) There was no coercion involved.
132. Legal Principles:
1. Under the Employees Compensation Act, 1923, an employer is liable to pay compensation to his workmen
for injuries sustained by them by an accident arising out of and in the course of employment.
2. According to the doctrine of vicarious liability, a person shall be liable for the damage caused by his
employee in the course of employment.
3. An employer shall be liable to the injuries caused to his employee by the negligence of a fellow employee
in the course of employment.
4. A person is an employee of another if the form and the way in which he or she convey out his work is subject
to association and administration of the later.
Factual situation: Rishi, the CEO of KRK Industries has to submit a report on monthly basis to the Labour
office. So, after completing his monthly report he decided to send the report to the office so he asked his personal
assistant Sumeet to submit a brief draft and report which was prepared by CEO of KRK industries at the State
Government Labour office which was nearby their Industries only. So Sumeet went to the Labour office and
submitted the report as directed by his boss i.e., the CEO of KRK Industries.

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 On his way back Sumeet met one of his friends from the college. He then decided to have a lunch together at a
nearby restaurant. They were together for almost 3 hours and when they were spending time together sometime
later, Sumeet got a call from his office to report back as it was a long time since he left the office and he was not
present in the working hours of office. Sumeet rushed back on his Motor Bike. On his way back a car that was
coming from a side road hit Sumeet.
Then Sumeet was admitted to a nearby hospital with different injuries on the body. Now Sumeet is claiming
compensation under the Employees Compensation Act from his employer. Decide.
(a) The Employer is liable as Sumeet had to rush back to the office, because of the call from the office.
(b) The Employer is not liable as Sumeet was admitted to the hospital of his choice without concerning the
employer.
(c) The Employer is liable to pay the compensation to Sumeet as the accident took place arising out of and in
the course of employment and in working hours of the office.
(d) The Employer is not liable as the car driver was negligent.
133. Legal Principles:
1. In the Evidence law, a person missing for long and not heard of, for over seven years is presumed to have
died.
2. Section 108 of the Evidence Act, a person who remains missing and has not been heard of by persons who
would have usually heard of him for seven years is presumed to be dead for all legal purposes.
3. To prove that a person has gone missing, one has to show that the persons seeking such a declaration have
taken appropriate steps to find the person.
4. This process can include filing a missing person complaint with the police, issuing advertisements,
contacting relatives or friends and the like.
Factual Situation: Anuj, Bhanu and Chitransh are siblings to each other and they are children of Falguni and
Mahesh. Falguni and Mahesh were the owner of J&K co. All the children including Anuj, Bhanu and Chitransh
stayed with the family only in their childhood. They went to the same school and college together and shared
many things to each other in the childhood. After many years when they became adult, they decided to make
their career own without any help. So, at the age of 21, Anuj went out in search of a job and because of many
things he was not contacting the family. Because of not contacting to the family, they decided to trace Anuj and
after many failed attempts in tracing Anuj, the family gave up on him. One day Falguni and Mahesh died due to
different health issues. Eight years after the death of the parents, Bhanu and Chitransh entered into a partition
and took an equal share in the property of Falguni and Mahesh. One year after this, Anuj returned home with his
wife Jayshree and two children and claimed his share in the property. Decide whether Anuj’s claim is legally
sustainable?
(a) Anuj was not heard of, for more than eight years, the legal presumption of death will apply and hence, he
cannot claim a share in the property.
(b) It was Anuj’s duty to be in touch with the family at least once a year. So, he cannot claim.
(c) Anuj will succeed because he is a legitimate son of Falguni and Mahesh.
(d) Bhanu and Chitransh are legally bound to give 1/3 share of the property to Anuj.
134. Legal Principles:
1. The fundamental right to freedom of association includes the right to form an association as well as not to
join an association.
2. The fundamental right to freedom of association also includes the freedom to decide with whom to associate.
3. The fundamental right to freedom of association does not extend to the right to realise the objectives of
forming the association.
4. Any law in contravention of fundamental rights is unconstitutional and therefore cannot bind any person.
Factual Situation: Shree Radhe Pharmacy, the private company, a famous company for its business in the city
and it has different branches in the same city only. Different branches had different number of employee and
having different working hours. The competitors of this Pharmacy has different contract term but Shree’s
branches has the same contract term inspite of having different working hours. Shree Radhe Pharmacy, offered
an employment contract of two years to Syed Mazar Arif in one of the branches. Syed Mazar Arif was the local
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 resident of the same city and he stays nearby to the Shree Radhe Pharmacy. The employment contract were
signed between the two, Shree Pharmacy and Syed Mazar. One of the clauses in the employment contract
provided that Syed Mazar Arif must join Jiashree Mazdoor Sangh (JMS), one of trade unions active in Shree
Radhe Pharmacy. So, this is one of the important clause in the employment contract of this Pharmacy. However,
If Parliament enacts a law which requires every employee to join the largest trade union in their workplace
mandating Syed Mazar Arif to join JMS, then:
(a) Such a law in respect to trade union would merely govern private action to which fundamental rights do not
use or apply.
(b) That law would not curtail any individual’s right to freedom of association.
(c) The Parliament law of trade union one would violate an individual’s freedom not to join any association and
therefore it will be unconstitutional.
(d) Neither the employment contract nor this law of parliament would be enforceable as they would fully curtail
the freedom of association.
135. Legal Principles:
1. Article 25 of the Constitution guarantees freedom of religion to all persons in India. It provides that all
persons in India, subject to public order, morality, health, and other provisions:
2. As per fundamental duty it shall be the duty of every person to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals
and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
3. The constitution guarantees freedom of religion and expects the citizen to respect National anthem as a
fundamental duty.
4. The fundamental rights are enforceable through court of law but fundamental duties are not enforceable
through courts.
Factual Situation: In the city of ABC, there was a school in which different religion of student studies. The
school follows the culture of all the religions and have similar rules and regulations for all the children in the
school. There were teachers also who belong to different religions and the school authorities also follows the
same rules and regulations for them. According to the religion’s tenets of a particular sect, singing the praise of
any entity other than God is forbidden. Suresh, the child, from the school belonging to that sect and was active
child in academics and other activities. One day, Suresh refuses to sing National Anthem at the time of School
Assembly. National Anthem which was a part of school assembly it was compulsory thing in which every child
must compulsorily participate. The school authorities asked Suresh that why he was not singing the National
Anthem, he refused to answer it. So, the higher authorities of the school decided to take some disciplinary action.
And when the disciplinary action was instituted against the Suresh, the parents of Suresh challenged the
authorities and school’s order of singing the National Anthem. Decide
(a) Article 25, fundamental right to freedom of religion cannot be taken or abridged by a fundamental duty
imposed by the state.
(b) Authorities of the school can take the other and disciplinary action against Suresh as it is the obligatory
fundamental duty to respect National Anthem.
(c) Suresh is free to follow the religion of his choice and follow its rules.
(d) None of the above.
136. Legal Principles:
1. Article 21 of the constitution provides right to life and other things related to it.
2. The Constitution of India guarantees the ‘right to life’, which means ‘right to live with human dignity’.
3. The right to life under the constitution, however, does not include the right to die.
4. Right to die covers two important concepts passive and active euthanasia.
Factual Situation: Karan, who is 90 years old man lives in the XX city. He was a famous writer and wrote many
wonderful things. His work was awarded by the different institutes many times. Karan left his work when he
crossed the age of 80, he decided to take retirement from all of this. Karan who lives all alone as he has no family
or children or grandchildren. One day he got to know that he suffers from physical and mental distress.
So, as there is no one to look after him, Karan has little mean to foot his medical expenses and other related
thing, though he was a famous writer, but no one was there to support him in these difficult conditions. After
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 some days, he almost gave up on himself and decided to take some action on this situation. Under these situations,
Karan approaches the court with a prayer that he should be granted the right to die with dignity because Karan
does not want to be a burden on society and as he gave up on himself. Further, Karan also mentioned that as it
his life, he has a right to put an end to it. Now decide what is correct statement:
(a) The law of court can grant the prayer as the right which is right to life covers right to die also.
(b) The law of court can grant the prayer as the suicide is not considered as offense in India.
(c) The law of court cannot directly grant the prayer and relief as it will be misuse of the rights.
(d) The law of court can grant as a person cannot be forced by the court to enjoy right to life.\
137. Legal Principles:
1. An employer is liable for the act of his servant performed during the course of employment.
2. An employer is required to provide compensation to his or her employees for any injury caused by an
accident arising in the course of employment.
3. The objective of ‘in the course of employment’ mean in the course of the work which the employee is
contracted or obligated to do and which is subsidiary to it.
4. The vicarious liability principle covered wider concept of course of employment.
Factual Situation: Raj Ratan was one of the popular travelling and tours company. They were involved in the
business from several years. Their business includes not only buses and trucks but the cab service also. Ashish,
one of the oldest driver who was working for Raj Ratan from many years was one of the best driver of the
company. While working as a driver for Raj Ratan, Ashish sometimes used to earn some side income by carrying
parcels for others in Raj Ratan’s car without the Raj, who is the owner of Raj Ratan knowledge or permission.
One day Raj visited another city for his business purpose when he returns back, he called Ashish to pick him up
from the Airport. While going to pick Raj from the Airport, Ashish spotted to deliver a parcel he was carrying
with him. While Ashish was delivering the parcel, which unknown to him and from the parcel was one of illegal
goods, the police caught the goods and arrested Ashish. Which of the following statements is the most
appropriate in connection with the legal principles stated above:
(a) Raj is not liable for the act of Ashish since Ashish himself did not know that he was carrying illegal goods.
(b) Raj is liable for the act of Ashish since he is Raj Ratan’s driver.
(c) Raj Ratan is not liable for the act of Ashish since carrying the parcel was not in the course of employment.
(d) Raj Ratan is liable for the act of Ashish since he had gone to pick Raj from the airport.
138. Legal Principles:
1. When the plaintiff fails in avoiding the consequence of the defendant’s negligence and does not exercise the
ordinary care and diligence to avoid the consequence, he cannot claim damages arising out of such
negligence.
2. Two or more persons whose negligence in a single accident or event causes damages to another person.
3. In such cases they are jointly and severally liable for the damages.
4. When two persons are negligent, the one who had the last opportunity of avoiding the accident by exercising
ordinary care, would be liable.
Factual Situation: Aayush, Abhinav and Harsh were colleague to each other. They work in the different
departments of the office but in the same building. All of them were unmarried and stays together in the same
house. Aayush, Abhinav and Harsh also eats lunch together in the office and they don’t have other friends in the
office. After office they usually lights a bonfire in his courtyard for chilling purpose and sometime for warming
themselves in the winter. On the night of three of them wanted to go for party but due to night curfew they cannot
go outside then Aayush suggested Abhinav and Harsh that they should arrange the party at the home only and
Abhinav and Harsh agreed to him. They decided not to invite anyone not the neighbours also. So, they started
the party and Aayush lights a bonfire in their courtyard around the bush to warm themselves up during a cold
New Year evening. Because of the chill winter night, a strong wind suddenly blows some sparks from the fire
when to bush which was in the courtyard, on to their neighbour Ramesh’s home which catches fire and gets
completely destroyed. Now Decide whether Aayush, Abhinav and Harsh are liable to Ramesh or not.
(a) Ramesh is liable to three of them for the distress caused by keeping a home that catches fire so quickly.
(b) Ramesh cannot make them liable for the loss of his house since it was an accidental fire that destroyed it.
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 (c) Aayush, Abhinav and Harsh are liable to compensate Ramesh as the fire escaped.
(d) They are not liable because nobody could foresee that sudden wind will blow the sparks which will led to
fire.
139. Legal Principles:
1. Negligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which
ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do or doing something which a prudent or reasonable
man would not do.
2. A person is liable for his negligence when he owed a duty of care to others and commits a breach of that
duty-causing injury thereby.
3. Negligence is the absence of care by one party which results in some damage to another.
4. Damage is an essential ingredient to constitute a tort of negligence.
Factual Situation: SK construction, one of the prominent constructions in all over the country. It has many
ongoing works which includes metro work and other related constructions in different cities of the country. One
of the works was going in the city of Indiri, the work was of construction of the college. It was going in different
places for different branches of college in the same city. One day at one place where this construction going
Raju, the mistry left his ladder on the main road while uploading it from a truck when he went to open the shutters
of the construction site. On the same day, Sairam, the local resident of the same city was coming back from the
office. Sairam who was riding his motorbike had to swerve hard to avoid hitting the ladder which was on road
as he came with speed on the road. After avoiding the risk but Sairam fell down and however he was miraculously
not injured because of that ladder. But Sairam asked the compensation from SK construction for the negligent
act of Raju. Decide whether the SK construction liable or not.
(a) Raju is not liable for the tort of negligence since Sairam was not injured though he fell down from his bike.
(b) SK construction is not liable for the negligence since Sairam was speeding on the road.
(c) SK construction is liable for the tort of negligence since Sairam fell down due to the presence of the ladder
and Raju was a worker of SK construction.
(d) Raju is liable for the tort of negligence since he was careless in leaving the ladder on the road.
140. Legal Principles:
1. Killing is not the murder if the offender, whilst deprived of the power of self-control by intense and sudden
provocation, causes the death of the person who gave the provocation.
2. Nothing is an offence which is done in the exercise of the right of private defence.
3. The act causing death should have been done with the intention of causing death.
4. Nothing is an offense which is done by accident or misfortune and without any criminal intention or
knowledge in the doing of a law a lawful manner by lawful means and with proper care and caution.
Factual Situation: Anu and Vidhi, were family friends from past several years. Their parents wanted from the
childhood of Anu and Vidhi that they should get married in future. After some years when they were settled,
their families approached them for getting married to each other and they agreed with them. They got married
and were having a happily married life. After some years Vidhi started liking Jayesh who works with her in the
office. Vidhi and Jayesh goes on lunch and parties but Anu didn’t knew about this. One day when Anu came
from his office he saw a man found his wife sleeping, in their own bedroom, and the man was Jayesh, and Anu
didn’t knew that who is Jayesh. Anu due to anger did not do or say anything but went to his farmhouse, picked
a gun and cartridges, returned to their bedroom with a loaded gun but found the room empty and he realised that
his wife Vidhi ran away with Jayesh. After one month he saw his wifeVidhi dining in a restaurant. Without
waiting for even a second or without asking anything, Anu went to his car picked his gun and came back to
restaurant and fired four bullets at his wife Vidhi, who died on the spot. Decide whether Anu killed his wife
Vidhi under any provocation or something.
(a) Anu could have killed Jayesh instead of his wife Vidhi.
(b) Anu killed his wife under intense and sudden provocation.
(c) Anu could have killed both Jayesh and his wife.
(d) Anu did not kill his wife under intense and sudden provocation.

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141. Legal Principles:
1. Everyone has the right of private defense to defend his body and property by use of reasonable force unless
that person had time to have recourse to the protection of public authorities.
2. Nothing is an offence which is done in the exercise of the right of private defence.
3. The private defense right should be used in a proper manner.
4. The right has covered many restrictions and exceptions also.
Factual Situation: Manik was one of the farmer of sopura village. He has some acre of land on which he is
having crops. He usually stays at the field only whether it is day or night. Due to his health issues he was not
going from last some days and staying at his home. One day Manik receives information at 6 .00 pm in the
evening that Akshay who was his neighbour and enemy along with some friends of him are planning to burn his
crop at midnight which is almost ready to be harvested. Mani does not inform the village Police station which
was just 500 meter away from his field. Manik urgently gathers his family members and directs them to collect
some weapons in the form of swords and lathis to protect and maintain peace on the field or for crop. Manik was
tensed because the crop was at the harvesting time and it will get destroyed by his enemy Akshay. At around
12.00 am in the midnight Akshay and his friends attack the crop and a severe right ensues wherein Akshay is
seriously injured.
(a) Manik is liable.
(b) Manik is not liable as he was exercising his right of private defence.
(c) Manik and his family are not liable for the injuries caused as they were exercising the right of private defence.
(d) Manik and his family is liable as they have not informed the police.

142. Legal Principles:

1. The term Nuisance has been taken from a French word nuire which means to hurt, annoy or damage.
2. Nuisance basically is an injury to the right of a person’s possession of his property to undisturbed enjoyment
of it and results from an improper usage by another individual.
3. Doing of an act which causes common injury, danger or annoyance to the public or which is likely to cause
such injury or annoyance is Public nuisance.
4. A common nuisance is not excused because it causes some nuisance or advantage.
Factual Situation: Ajay, was an employee in the metro city and was involved in a prominent business. He was
enjoying his life in the metro city and was satisfied from the work and salary. During the year 2020, a virus has
been spread all over the country because of that there was an urgent need of lockdown, due to that many
companies suffers financial loss and as a result companies fires the employee. The same was happened to Ajay,
as he got fired by his company in which he works. Then he decided to go back to his village where his father
having some land and his father was a farmer so he decided to became a farmer and started working there. He
as a farmer having large farmlands burn crop residue (stubble) on his fields after harvesting the crop to make the
field ready for next crop as this is the most proper process of making the field ready for next crop. Atul farmlands
are adjoining a densely inhabited residential area and a descent society and people pass through the smoke while
travelling on the road adjoining his farmlands. The smoke caused by fire also enters the some home in the colony.
(a) Ajay has committed a public nuisance.
(b) Ajay has not committed any offence since he does not cause any specific injury to any specific person.
(c) Ajay has not committed any offence because the alleged acts are done on the fields owned and used by him
and acts are done without any intention to cause harm.
(d) Ajay has not committed any offence because he does not gain any advantage from persons living in the
vicinity.

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143. Legal Principle:
1. Whoever causes death by rash or negligent act commits an offence.
2. Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable
homicide, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two
years, or with fine or with both.
3. Negligence is the gross and culpable neglect or failure to exercise reasonable and proper care, and precaution
to guard against, either to the public generally or to an individual in particular, which a reasonable man would
have adopted.
4. Section 304- A deals with homicide by rash and negligence and covers that class of offences, where death is
caused neither intentionally nor with the knowledge that the act of the offender is likely to cause death, but
because of the rash negligent act of the offender he is liable for such death.
Factual Situation: Rupendra, a government employee is having a big house on the roadside which is also having
a street on the back of the house. Rupendra was having this house from many years and staying in it from few
years. Rupendra has some shops also in his house which was frequently used by the society people for the local
use. He has a lawn on the back of his house and there he has built a toilet also. And he has pet also which stays
usually in the lawn only. So because of the street and rush he decided to prevent the intruders from entering his
home, he got the fence charged with a high voltage live electric wire on his home. Zuber, who belongs to the
same society was passing through the street at the backyard of the house of Rupendra and sat down to take rest
near the fence as it was summer afternoon. When he decided to go so while getting up, Zuber’s hands came in
contact with the fence which was connected to high voltage electric wire causing his death.
(a) Rupendra has committed no offence because he does not have any enmity with Zuber.
(b) Rupendra has committed the offence of murder.
(c) Rupendra has committed an offence of causing death by rash and negligent act.
(d) Rupendra has not committed any offence because he has the right to prevent trespass.

144. Legal Principles:

1. Employer is liable for the injury caused to the employee in the course of his employment.
2. An employer is liable for the negligent acts of his employee done during the course of employment.
3. An employer is liable to stranger or third persons for each and every such wrong of his servant as happened
in the course of service.
4. For acts committed out of the scope of employment the employer is liable only if he has clearly authorised
the act.
Factual Situation: Hemant, one of the bank employees fixed his daughter wedding to the prominent
businessman’s son. The groom’s side was very rich and Hemant, belongs to the middleclass family. However,
for fulfilling the needs and for maintain the image in the society he decided to conduct a grand reception in his
society. So, Hemant organized a big party and hired a famous caterer KK Wala. KK Wala was one of the famous
caterer in the city and went to many big receptions and parties. The reception party was fully planned and
executed by Hemant and the caterer and by the other workers. When the party started it was going good and
everything was perfect at the venue but suddenly during the reception, the generator set went out of order and
When Hemant got to know about this, he requested one of the employee of caterer i.e. Yadav to bring the
mechanic on his personal capacity and promised to pay 2000 for the same to Yadav. Yadav met with an accident
while going to fetch the mechanic. Because of that Yadav seeks compensation.
(a) Hemant is not liable as Yadav not his employee.
(b) A caterer is liable as Yadav is his employee.
(c) Hemant is liable as Yadav was working in the course of employment offered by Hemant.
(d) Hemant is liable because party was organized by him.

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145. Legal Principles:
1. When two or more persons agree to do an illegal act, it is criminal conspiracy punishable with imprisonment.
2. Section 34 of Indian Penal Code provides that “When a criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance
of the common intention of all, each of such persons is liable for that act in the same manner as if it were
done by him.
3. It is a form of constructive liability which provides every member of a group who shares such intention in
charge for the criminal act committed by anybody of them when such act is done in accordance of the
common intention.
4. All the persons who share common intention and are all indulged in the act are jointly liable for the crime.
Factual Situation: Mr. Harshit belongs to Delhi. He is a student of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer
Science. Randeep, who belongs to Mumbai, was in the same college of Harshit. She belongs to other department
of engineering. Harshit and Randeep were committed to each other in a relationship. They were considered as
the best couple in the college. Other than his girlfriend Randeep, Harshit loves his computer very much. Harshit
considers his computer as his close friend and companion. One day Harshit and Randeep were involved into
huge fight and stopped talking to each other. After some days Harshit realised his mistake and tried to convince
his girlfriend but she didn’t respond well on it. After some attempts, he decided to do other tricks for her so on
7.6.2008, after the college hours while interacting with his computer, Harshit hacked into the bank account of
Mr. Habib and was successful in withdrawing money from Mr. Habib’s bank account. Harshit thinks that this
money will make him buy to something for Randeep and he did it to please his girlfriend. Decide
(a) Mr. Harshit has committed a cyber crime.
(b) Mr. Harshit has committed an offence of criminal conspiracy.
(c) Mr. Harshit has not committed the offence of criminal conspiracy.
(d) None of the above.

146. Legal Principles:

1. Whoever with intent to cause, or knowing that he is likely to cause, wrongful loss or damage to the public
or to any person, causes the destruction of any property, or any such change in any property or in the situation
thereof as destroys or diminishes its value or utility, or affects it injuriously, commits “mischief”.
2. It is not essential to the offence of mischief that the offender should intend to cause loss or damage to the
owner of the property injured or destroyed. It is sufficient if he intends to cause, or knows that he is likely to
cause, wrongful loss or damage to any person by injuring any property, whether it belongs to that person or
not.
3. Mischief may be committed by an act affecting property belonging to the person who commits the act, or to
that person and others jointly.
4. A person, who lawfully brings on something but which though harmless, but if it escapes, must keep it at
his and if he does not, he is answerable for all the damage.
Factual Situation: Ashutosh was the owner of a famous mill WYC. There was a need of water in relation with
the famous mill of Ashutosh. In order to supply it with water, Ashutosh constructed a reservoir upon nearby land
by employing engineers and contractors. Baldev, another resident of the same locality was the owner of coal
mines, under lands, close to but not adjoining the premises on which the reservoir was constructed.
The contractors which were appointed by Ashutosh, while excavating for the bed of the reservoir, came upon
abandoned shafts and filled them with soil not suspecting that they were abandoned mine shafts. The reservoir
which was in making was completed and partly filled. The reservoir was going well without any issues for some
weeks.
But after some days the bed of the reservoir gave way and burst, leading to the flow of water through the channels
connected with Baldev’s mine. Now Baldev is asking for compensation to the loss has been occurred to the mine.
Is Ashutosh liable to pay damages for loss caused to Baldev. Decide the most appropriate option.
(a) Ashutosh is not liable because there was no negligence on his part. He was not aware that reservoir bed was
connected to Baldev’s.
(b) Ashutosh is liable to pay damages to Baldev because he brought the water on his property which would have
caused mischief if it escaped and it did escape.
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 (c) Ashutosh is not liable because Baldev never informed him about the existence of Baldev’s mines.
(d) Ashutosh is liable because he hired the services of unqualified engineers.

147. Legal Principles:

1. Trespass is an intentionally directed, unreasonable interference with one’s person and property.
2. The possession, which a trespasser is entitled to defend against the rightful owner must be a settled possession
extending over a sufficiently long period and acquiesced in by the true owner.
3. A casual act of possession would not have the effect of interrupting the possession of the rightful owner.
4. A person is entitled to protect his property by lawful means.
Factual Situation: Rambabu, one of the residents of YZ city. He has a farm nearby his house, usually he stays
at his farm. Rambabu has a particular interest in gardening and other related things to it. He loves the home-
grown fruits and vegetables, so he decided to grow the vegetables on his farm.
Hence, Rambabu has grown some valuable vegetables and fruits on his farm and he has fenced the farm to
prevent the cattle from entering into it. He has a dog at his home, so he decided that he should send the dog to
the farm for protection. After few days, he has kept his ferocious dog to chase away intruding urchins and catties.
One day in the evening, some children were playing in a nearby playground and the ball slipped into the farm.
A girl running after the ball came near the fence and shouted for the ball. But when there was no response, she
managed to creep into the farm to get the ball. The ferocious dog which was surreptitiously waiting attacked the
girl and badly mauled him. The girl’s parents filed a suit against Rambabu.
(a) Rambabu is not liable, since the fence and the dog are lawful means of protecting the property.
(b) Rambabu is not liable for the girl trespassing and getting badly injured in that process.
(c) Rambabu is liable since an ordinary barking dog would have sufficed for the purpose.
(d) None of the above.

148. Legal Principles:

1. Volenti non-fit injura is a defence to negligence.
2. The consent of the plaintiff acts as a defence and this defence is called volenti non fit injuria which means
to a willing person no injury happens.
3. In this situation a person cannot claim any damages from that person because the act was one for which he
voluntarily consented.
4. A careless person becomes liable for his negligence when he owed a duty of care to others.
Factual Situation: Kailash, from Mumbai and stays in Jaipur for work purpose. Lata, who is from Delhi also
stays in Jaipur for the work purpose only. Kailash and Lata both were friends from many years and works
together in the same office only. One day they decided that Kailash will teach her friend Lata to drive. So, Kailash
started teaching Lata to drive. Prior to such an arrangement, Kailash had sought assurances from Lata that
appropriate insurance had been purchased in the event of an accident.
On the third day, Lata was executing a simple manoeuvre at slow speed when she panicked which resulted in
the car crashing into a lamp- post injuring Kailash. Lata was subsequently convicted of driving without due care
and attention.
So, Kailash asked Lata to compensate the injuries which has been arise from the incident for that Lata denied
liability to pay compensation to Kailash on the ground of volenti non-fit injuria and she also mentioned that she
was just learning to drive and was not in complete control of the vehicle. Kailash was asking compensation.
Now, Decide.
(a) Lata is liable as the defence of volenti non- fit injuria was not applicable.
(b) Lata is not liable as Lata is just learning to drive and duty of care rests upon the Kailash.
(c) Lata is not liable as a learner driver do not own a duty of care towards the public in general and towards the
passenger in specific.
(d) Lata is liable as she assured about the insurance in the event of an accident.

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149. Legal Principles:
1. A conversion is an act, or complex series of acts, of wilful interference, without lawful justification, with
any chattel in a manner inconsistent with the right of another, whereby that other is deprived of the use and
possession of it.
2. If a person gives some other person the right to title of a good, which belongs to somebody else without
lawful justification, that person would be deemed to be guilty of conversion.
3. Interfering with another’s goods in such a way as to deny the latter’s title to the goods amounts to conversion
and it is a civil wrong.
Factual Situation: Rajesh, who was a serviceman in the shopping mall of his locality. One day, when he went
to shopping mall, he goes to the bicycle stand to a park his bicycle and he found the stand fully occupied and
there was no place for his bicycle. Rajesh removed a few bicycles in order to rearrange the stand and make some
space for his bicycle.
Rajesh parked his bicycle properly and put back all the bicycles except the one belonging to Suyash, and he also
didn’t know that the bicycle belongs to Suyash. It was rather negligent on the part of Rajesh and he was in fact
in a hurry to get into shopping mall for his work. When Rajesh left the bicycle stand then somebody came on the
way to the bicycle stand and took away Suyash’s cycle.
Yadav, the watchman of the stand did not take care of it assuming that the cycle was not parked inside the stand
and he was not aware that somebody came and taken the bicycle from the stand. Suyash filed a suit against
Rajesh for conversion.
(a) Suyash would succeed because Rajesh’s act led to the stealing of his bicycle.
(b) Suyash would not succeed, because Rajesh did not take away the bicycle himself.
(c) Rajesh would not be held responsible for the negligence of the watchman.
(d) None of the above.

150. Legal Principles:

1. Negligence is the omission to perform a duty which results in the plaintiff’s injury.
2. It is an act of carelessness and ignorance on the part of the defendant which he is obligated to perform which
a rational and prudent man would not do.
3. One has to compensate another for the injury caused due to his wrongful act.
4. The liability to compensate is reduced to the extent the latter has contributed to the injury through his own
negligence. This is the underlying principle of contributory negligence.
Factual Situation: Vaishnav owns a farm at a distance of two a furlong from the railway track and he has him
home also nearby the farm. Vaishnav was involved in the farming on holidays and stays at farm only on the
holidays. He stored in his land the stacks of dried up straw after the cultivation is a normal in farming.
The railway track which was nearby the farm of Vaishnav was usually not so running and there was limited train
which were passed on this track. One afternoon when the train was passing through the track, the driver was
negligently operating the locomotive by allowing it to emit large quantities of spark. The high wind, carried the
sparks to the stacks stored by Vaishnav and the stacks caught fire thereby causing extensive damage.
When Vaishnav get to know about the damage he decided to do something against the Railway people. Vaishnav
filed a suit against the Railways claiming damages. After this,the railways while acknowledging liability alleged
contributory negligence on the part of Vaishnav. Now decide who is liable in this situation whether Vaishnav or
the railways.
(a) Vaishnav was not liable since his use of land was lawful.
(b) Vaishnav’s farm being at a reasonable distance from the railway track, he cannot be held responsible for the
high winds.
(c) Vaishnav should have anticipated the possibility and hence he is liable for contributory negligence.
(d) The Railways authorities are not liable.

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