9/7/2014

AE4160 AIRCRAFT DESIGN COURSE

Deriving Initial Configuration

Hisar M. Pasaribu, Ph.D.

Dr. Taufiq Mulyanto

Aircraft Design, Operation and Maintenance Group

Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Institut Teknologi Bandung
HMP&TM AE4041 Aircraft Design 1

Objectives

 Synthesis for reasonable shape, proportion, utility, etc.

 Questions:
1. What the aircraft will look like?
2. How is its size approximately?
3. What feature it will have?

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Configuration May Change Throughout The Design Process

Sud-Aviation Caravelle Project 1947-1952

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Some Examples of Aircraft Configuration

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Deriving Initial Aircraft Configuration

Make
Preliminary
Design Sketches Inboard Profile
Component Drawing
Location
Study Wing Structure
Similar Make
Size C.G Location
Aircraft Balance
Diagram
Stability & Landing Gear
Component
Size
Weight Control
Analysis

Final 3-D
Make Weight

Drawing
Study Structure
Estimates Weights Tail Structure
Aircraft
DR&O
Weight W TO
Fuselage Structure
Performance
Study Analysis
Power/Thrust
Available SFC
CL
Engines opt Powerplant
CD
Select Airfoil
Make Drag
Estimates
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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Wing
1. Mono- or bi-plane?
2. Swept or unswept?
3. High-, mid-, or low-wing?
4. Conventional, canard or tandem wing?
5. Cantilever or strut supported?
6. Winglet or tip tank?

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Wing . . .
7. Wing tip configuration

8. Structural attachment

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Engine
1. Jet or propeller driven?

2. Tractor or pusher engine?

3. Wing mounted or fuselage mounted?

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Engine
4. Inlet design?

Podded engines

Buried engines

Boundary layer may

cause inlet
ineffectiveness

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Empennage
1. Conventional, T-, V- or no tail?

Typical aft tail

variations

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Empennage
2. Fixed or all movable tail?

Fixed horizontal tail

All movable horizontal tail
with elevators

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Empennage
3. Tail effectiveness?

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Landing Gear
1. Tricycle or Tail dragger?

Some possible landing

gear arrangements

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Landing Gear
2. Fixed or rectractable?

Some possible
gear/shock
arrangements

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Landing Gear
3. Wing stored or fuselage stored?

Some typical landing gear bay

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Landing Gear
3. How they are retracted?

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Fuselage
1. Payload arrangement may affect ...

Cross sectional shape

Longitudinal load distribution

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Fuselage
2. The importance of longitudinal contour

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Fuselage
3. Flight deck shall provide visibility and room for crew

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Some Issues Related To Configuration

 Operational Aspects
1. Ease of maintenance and service

2. Loading and unloading of Cargo

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No Single Solution

The Boeing 737 Study 100–180 Passenger Subsonic Transport

Similar DR&O may lead to completely different

configurations !
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Putting All Together

From Conceptual Sketch To Engineering Drawing

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Three View Drawing

 Give a general overview of principal characteristics

 Shape
 Main component location and numbers
 Proportion

 Size and dimension

 Others
 Accessability
 L/G retraction and wheel bay
 Cargo doors

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Three View Drawing

Drawings need to be updated to reflect changes

HMP&TM
as the design progresses
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Drawing References

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Wing Geometry

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