SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURE OF LOWER

1\Following a car accident in which the patient received a deep laceration on the medial
side of his right knee, the patient notices numbness along the medial side of his right leg
and foot. He has no motor deficit. The nerve which appears to have been injured is the:

femoral nerve

saphenous nerve

sural nerve

superficial fibular nerve

deep fibular nerve

2 A 'saphenous vein cut-down' is a procedure used to locate the great saphenous vein at the
\
ankle. To find this vein, the skin would be incised:

anterior to the lateral epicondyle

posterior to the medial epicondyle

anterior to the medial malleolus

posterior to the lateral malleolus

over the base of the fifth metatarsa

3 While doing a physical examination on a young boy, you noticed an enlarged superficial
\
inguinal lymph node. The patient indicated that he has recently sustained an infected skin
wound in the:

anterior abdominal wall above the umbilicus.

anterior chest wall.

skin of the lower limb.

upper back.
4\A patient with a diabetic ulcer in the anterior midline of the ankle region experienced
loss of cutaneous sensation on the dorsal surface of the foot. Which nerve was most likely
damaged?

Femoral

Lateral sural cutaneous

Saphenous

Superficial fibular

Sural

5\A construction worker, who wears a heavy work belt all day on the job, notices a
tingling sensation on the anterolateral surface of his thigh. This is most likely a condition
called:

compartment syndrome

cryptorchidism

hydrocoele

meralgia parasthetica

thrombophlebitis

6\ A saphenous cutdown is a surgical procedure that involves cutting through the skin to locate
the greater saphenous vein in order to insert a catheter or cannula. You can find the vein as it
passes ___________________ with the saphenous nerve.

Anterior to the medial epicondyle

Anterior to the medial malleolus

Through the saphenous opening

Tributaries to the posterior tibial vein

Subcutaneous branches of the posterior tibial artery

7\A cashier develops painful and tortuous varicose veins in her lower limb. Her doctor explains
that prolonged standing at her job led to failure of the valves in the:

deep femoral vein

great saphenous vein

lesser saphenous vein

perforating veins

popliteal vein

8\Your patient complains of pain on her calf. Upon inspection, you find tortuous, dilated
vessels lying subcutaneously on the posterior aspect of her leg. These vessels are most likely:

Tributaries to the greater saphenous vein

Tributaries to the lesser saphenous vein

Perforating veins

Through the iliotibial tract

Through the popliteal fascia

9\ A 50-year-old female patient has large varicose veins located primarily on the posterior
aspect of her calf. These veins are most likely direct tributaries to the:

great saphenous vein

sural vein

small saphenous vein

femoral vein

dorsal venous arch

10\You are in the clinic when a patient presents with varicose saphenous veins in her lower
limb. The attending physician asks where the venous valves are located that are defective and
cause this condition. Having just studied a clinical case in that regard, you respond. "The valves
in the:

deep veins."

perforating veins."

superficial veins."

venae commitantes.

11\Subcutaneous venous varicosities were observed in the anteromedial thigh. The vein
involved is likely to be the:

Femoral

Greater saphenous

Lesser saphenous

Popliteal

Superficial external pudendal

12\The distal part of the lesser saphenous vein was mobilized for grafting. Following the
operation, the patient complained of numbness (loss of cutaneous sensation) on the distal
lateral side of the leg and the lateral side of the foot. What nerve was damaged during the
operation?

Deep fibular (peroneal)

Posterior femoral cutaneous

Saphenous

Superficial fibular (peroneal)

Sural
 13\ Varicosities in the subcutaneous veins of the medial thigh were observed at physical
examination. The vein involved was most likely the:

Femoral.

Greater saphenous.

Lesser saphenous.

Popliteal.

Pudendal.

14\The lesser saphenous vein was mobilized for grafting. Following the surgery, the patient
complained of a loss of cutaneous sensation at the distal posterolateral side of the leg, lateral
side of the foot and small toe. What nerve was damaged during the operation?

common fibular (peroneal)

saphenous

superficial fibular (peroneal)

sural

tibial

15\Competency of venous valves in a patient with severe crural varicose veins was tested as
follows: The superficial veins were emptied by elevating the limb and then they were
compressed with a band just below the saphenous opening in the proximal thigh. When the
patient quickly stood up, filling of the superficial veins took more than 30 seconds. The delayed
filling of the superficial veins demonstrates that the valves of the:

deep (central) veins are competent

deep (central) veins are incompetent

perforating veins are competent

perforating veins are incompetent

superificial veins are competent

16\ A needle biopsy of the sural nerve resulted in the formation of a hematoma. Which of
the following veins closely adjacent to the nerve was accidently injured?

accessory saphenous

femoral

greater saphenous

lesser saphenous

superficial external pudendal

 Anterior & Medial Thigh
1\ A 63-year-old female patient says that she has pain in her groin and upper thigh. Upon
examination, you palpate a lump located below the inguinal ligament lateral to its
attachment to the pubic tubercle. You suspect that this may be a hernia passing through
the:

femoral canal

adductor hiatus

obturator canal

deep inguinal ring

superficial inguinal ring

2\ The femoral canal contains the:

Deep inguinal lymph node(s)

Femoral artery

Femoral nerve

Femoral vein

Ilioinguinal nerve

3\ Which movement would fail in case of paralysis of the quadriceps femoris muscle?

Adduction at the hip

Extension at the hip

Extension at the knee

Flexion at the knee

Medial rotation at the knee

4\ Which structure does NOT enter or leave the inguinal region by passing deep to the
inguinal ligament?

Femoral artery

Femoral nerve

Femoral vein

Psoas major muscle

Round ligament of the uterus .

5\ An elderly woman was found to have a hernial sac in the right femoral triangle and a
marked weakness in adduction at the right hip joint. Which nerve was likely compressed
by this herniation?

Femoral

Inferior gluteal

Obturator

Pudendal

Sciatic
6\ When walking, the action of the iliopsoas muscle results in what motion at the hip
joint?

Abduction

Adduction

Extension

Flexion

Medial rotation

7\ The pulse of the femoral artery is best felt at which superficial reference point?

Anterior to the ankle joint

 Femoral triangle

Mid-thigh

Popliteal fossa

Right lateral portion of the hypogastrium

8\ If the femoral artery is occluded at the beginning of the adductor canal, which artery
could help provide viability to the leg through collateral circulation?

Descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral

Descending genicular

First perforating branch of the deep femoral

Medial circumflex femoral

Obturator

9\ At which site could one expect to enter the femoral vein with a simple percutaneous
(through the skin) introduction of an instrument?

Above the middle of the inguinal ligament

Lateral to the femoral arterial pulse

Lateral to the pubic tubercle

Medial to the femoral arterial pulse

Medial to the pubic tubercle

10\ What anterior thigh muscle must be retracted to expose the adductor canal and its
contents?

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

Vastus intermedius .

11\ A serious complication of fractures of the femoral neck is avascular necrosis of the
femoral head. This usually results from rupture of which artery?
 Acetabular branch of obturator

Deep circumflex iliac

Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral

Medial circumflex femoral

Second perforating branch of lateral circumflex

12\ A ruptured aneurysm in the most proximal portion of the deep femoral artery would
result in a hematoma located initially in the:

Adductor canal.

Femoral canal.

Femoral triangle.

Inguinal canal.

Popliteal fossa.

13\ Following a penetrating injury to the left femoral triangle, a patient related that
walking was virtually impossible because at every step the left knee collapsed into
flexion. This history suggests paralysis of which muscle?

Adductor magnus.

Biceps femoris.

Gluteus maximus.

Quadriceps femoris.

Sartorius.

14\ A patient with a tuberculous abscess (localized collection of pus) on the iliopsoas
muscle in the femoral triangle presented impaired flexion of the thigh and extension of
the leg. Which of the following nerves was likely involved?

femoral
 inferior gluteal

obturator

sciatic

superior gluteal.

15\ An obturator hernia that compresses the obturator nerve in the obturator canal may
affect the function of all of the following muscles EXCEPT:

Adductor brevis

Adductor longus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

Pectineus

16\ Childhood immunizations are sometimes given via intramuscular injections into the
quadriceps muscles of the anterior thigh. At the mid-thigh level, a needle passing into the
space deep to the sartorius muscle might pierce the femoral vessels as they lie in the:

Adductor canal

Adductor hiatus

Adductor triangle

Femoral canal

Femoral ring

17\ A female patient complains of pain in her groin region that increases with coughing.
An MRI reveals a loop of ilium passing inferiorly, posterior to the superior pubic ramus.
What type of hernia is this?

obturator

femoral
 direct inguinal

indirect inguinal

lumbar
18\ During a surgical procedure in which the lower abdominal wall has been opened, the
retractor blades damaged a nerve lying between the iliacus and psoas major muscles. The
patient has weakened hip flexion and an inability to extend the knee, as well as analgesia
on the anterior thigh and medial leg. What nerve has been compressed?

obturator

femoral

sciatic

tibial

common fibular

19\ Which of the following is NOT located within the adductor canal?

Saphenous nerve

Femoral artery

Nerve to vastus medialis

Femoral vein

Deep femoral artery

20\ Inability to extend the knee and loss of cutaneous sensation over the anterior surface
of the thigh would indicate a lesion or compression of the:

Superior gluteal nerve

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Sciatic nerve
 Femoral nerve

Obturator nerve
21\ Which statement is true?

The femoral artery lies medial to the femoral vein

The femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery

The external iliac veins join to form the inferior vena cava

The inferior vena cava can not be imaged radiographically

A and C
22\ Blood flow around an occlusion of the femoral (superficial femoral) artery at the
apex of the femoral triangle could be provided by:

Anterior tibial recurrent

Descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral

Descending genicular

Medial circumflex femoral

Perforating branches of the deep femoral

23\ After suffering a penetrating injury in the left femoral triangle, a patient was unable
to walk normally because her left knee collapsed into flexion upon weight bearing. The
nerve to which muscle was damaged?

Adductor magnus

Biceps femoris

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Quadriceps femoris
24\ "Scissor gait" is a condition in which one limb crosses in front of the other during
stepping as a result of powerful hip adduction caused by continuous, unwanted nerve
activity. What is the nerve involved in this condition?

Femoral

Inferior gluteal

Obturator

Tibial

25\ In the middle third of the thigh, the superficial and deep femoral arteries are separated
by:

Adductor longus

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Pectineus

Vastus medialis

26\ Fracture of the femoral neck may lead to avascular necrosis of the femoral head due
to the interruption of which artery?

First perforating branch of the deep femoral

Inferior epigastric

Internal pudendal

Lateral circumflex femoral

Medial circumflex femoral

27\ Following surgical opening of the adductor canal, a patient experienced a loss of
cutaneous sensation of the medial side of the leg. Which nerve was cut?
 Ilioinguinal

Femoral

Obturator

Medial sural cutaneous

Saphenous

Gluteal Region, Posterior Thigh & Hip

1\ During recovery from a gunshot wound of the right pelvis, the patient notices a lurch
in his gait. When he lifts his left foot off of the ground, his pelvis dips down on the left
side. The nerve that appears to have been injured is the:

nerve to piriformis

nerve to obturator internus

sciatic nerve

femoral nerve

superior gluteal nerve

2\ The team doctor tells a football player that he has "a pulled hamstring" muscle. This
results from a tearing of the origin of a hamstring muscle from the:
 sacrum

posterior gluteal line

ischial tuberosity

obturator membrane

iliac tubercle
3\ If the head of the femur is dislocated postero-medially, compression of which nerve is
likely to result?

Femoral

Lumbosacral trunk

Obturator

Sciatic

Superior gluteal

4\ What muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Gluteus minimus

Obturator internus

Piriformis

Quadratus femoris

Superior gemellus

5\ In order to avoid injury to the sciatic nerve, intramuscular injections should be given
in which quadrant of the buttock?

upper medial

upper lateral

lower medial
 lower lateral

middle

6\ The femoral artery enters the popliteal fossa (becoming the popliteal artery) by passing
through the:

Adductor hiatus

Femoral canal

Femoral sheath

Femoral triangle

Saphenous opening
7\ The short head of biceps femoris muscle is innervated by which nerve?

Common fibular

Femoral

Inferior gluteal

Obturator

Tibial
8\ As a patient with paralyzed gluteus medius and minimus muscles on the left side
attempts to stand on the left limb only, the right side of the pelvis typically:

Drops

Elevates

Rotates laterally

Rotates medially

Thrusts forward

9\ When the femur is fractured, the broken distal end often turns posteriorly to enter the
popliteal fossa due to muscle traction. Because of its position deepest in the fossa, which
structure is most vulnerable to laceration?

Common fibular n.

Lesser saphenous v.

Popliteal a.
 Popliteal v.

Tibial n.

10\ The deep femoral artery is the principle blood source for the muscles in which
compartment of the thigh?

Anterior

Lateral (gluteal)

Medial (adductor)

Posterior (hamstring)

11\ After suffering a deep stab wound in the medial upper quadrant of the right buttock,
an emergency room patient found walking to be very difficult. The basic problem was
that, during stepping, her left hip sagged down as soon as the left foot was lifted off the
ground to swing forward. What nerve was damaged?

Femoral

Inferior gluteal

Obturator

Pudendal

Superior gluteal

12\ A fracture of the ischial tuberosity might be expected to most directly affect the
muscles that produce which lower limb movement?

Abduction at the hip

Adduction at the hip

Extension at the knee

 Flexion at the hip

Flexion at the knee

13\ When, in approximately 12% of people, the common fibular nerve passes through the
piriformis muscle, the nerve may be compressed. This would affect part of which
muscle?

Adductor magnus

Biceps femoris

Gluteus maximus

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

14\ An elderly patient complains of difficulty in walking up stairs. Tests by her doctor
reveal weakness in extension at her hip, but no change in hip flexion, or flexion or
extension of the knee. Based upon these results, what muscle is most likely not
functioning properly.

Adductor magnus

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Iliopsoas

Semitendinosus

15\ Weakness in climbing stairs or jumping would indicate a lesion of which nerve?

Tibial

Superior gluteal

Inferior gluteal
 Obturator

Femoral
16\ During surgical repair of a popliteal artery aneurism, ligation of the femoral artery at
mid-thigh would not interrupt supply to the hamstring muscles because the

Genicular anastomosis ensures blood supply to the posterior thigh

Cruciate anastomosis ensures blood supply to the posterior thigh

Perforating branches of the deep femoral artery supply the posterior thigh

Obturator artery supplies the posterior thigh

Anterior and posterior femoral circumflex arteries anastomose with the inferior
gluteal artery

17\ The medial thigh muscles rotate the femur medially, counterbalanced by muscles of
the _____________ thigh, including the ___________ muscle, which rotates the femur
laterally.

Lateral; tensor fasciae latae

Anterior; rectus femoris

Lateral; piriformis

Posterior; biceps femoris

Posterior; quadriceps femoris

18\ Following a major operation, a patient was placed on a course of antibiotics which
were delivered via intramuscular injection to the buttocks. After one injection in the right
buttock, the patient complained of more pain than usual in the region of the injection.
Later, as he was walking in the hall, the nurse noticed that he had a limp that had not
been present before--his left hip dropped every time he lifted his left foot off the floor.
Which nerve had been injured by the injection?

Femoral

Inferior gluteal

Obturator
 Sciatic

Superior gluteal
19\ The hamstrings muscles are supplied by branches of which artery?

Deep femoral

Fibular

Obturator

Pudendal

Superficial femoral

20\ Of the branches of the internal iliac artery, the one exiting from the greater sciatic
foramen superior to the piriformis muscle is the:

Iliolumbar artery

Internal pudendal artery

Lateral sacral artery

Superior gluteal artery

21\ Because of its muscle attachments, a fracture to the ischial tuberosity would affect
which movement of the lower limb?

Abduction of the thigh

Dorsiflexion of the foot

Extension of the leg

Flexion of the leg

Flexion of the thigh

22\ When the distal femur is fractured, the sharp broken ends of the bone often damage
the structure that lies closest to the femur in the popliteal fossa, i.e., the:
 Descending genicular artery

Greater saphenous vein

Popliteal artery

Popliteal vein

Sciatic nerve
23\ In a hunting accident, an arrow pierces the mid-calf of a hunter. A major artery is
lacerated in the posterior leg, and you notice that the sole of his foot is cold and pale. The
dorsum of the foot is warm and normally colored. The artery that seems to be injured is
the:

fibular artery

posterior tibial artery

femoral artery

popliteal artery

medial plantar artery

24\ A patient complains of localized pain in a swollen lower calf and cannot strongly
plantar flex his foot. What tendon may have ruptured?

calcaneal

fibularis tertius

flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallucis longus

tibialis anterior

25\ A tennis player feels a "pop" in her calf as she is playing. Her calf becomes tender
and there is some slight amount of swelling. Upon examination, her physician informs
her that she has ruptured the slender tendon of a small muscle that attaches to the
calcaneus. She has apparently ruptured the:

gastrocnemius

plantaris

popliteus
 soleus

tibialis posterior

26\ A football player tears his calcaneal tendon. You would expect to find weakness in:

dorsifiexion of the foot

eversion of the foot

extension of the knee

inversion of the foot

plantarflexion of the foot

27\ While on vacation in Florida following her final exams, a scuba diving medical
student is accidentally speared by her diving partner. The end of the spear passes medial
to lateral, posterior to the medial malleolus. It severs an artery there, which is the:

anterior tibial

dorsalis pedis

fibular

medial plantar

posterior tibial

28\ A patient with painful swelling in the distal calf cannot plantar flex at the ankle with
any power. Which tendon was likely ruptured?

Calcaneal

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Plantaris

Tibialis anterior
 LEG & FOOT
1\ A worker falls from a height and lands on his feet. Radiographs reveal a fracture of
the sustentaculum tali. The muscle passing immediately beneath it that would be
adversely affected is the:

fibularis longus

flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallucis longus

tibialis anterior

tibialis posterior

2\ A patient has stepped on a board with a long nail sticking up from it, and the nail
penetrated the patient's foot between the bases of the first and second metatarsals. What
artery is most likely injured at this location?

arcuate

deep plantar

dorsalis pedis
 lateral plantar

medial plantar

3\ A deep laceration, 2 cm in length, immediately posterior to the medial malleolus, may

injure any of the following EXCEPT:

fibular artery

tibial nerve

tendon of tibialis posterior m.

tendon of flexor digitorum longus m.

tendon of flexor hallucis longus m.

4\ A soldier complains of foot pain following a 50 mile hike. Upon examination, the
physician diagnoses tendonitis of the fibularis longus tendon. Because the tenderness is
located deeply on the sole of the foot, it appears that the irritation occurred where the
tendon lies against bone, covered by a structure called the:

long plantar ligament

plantar aponeurosis

short plantar ligament

spring ligament

tendon of tibialis posterior

5\ A construction worker lacerates the dorsum of his foot just below his ankle. Profuse
bleeding that occurs would result from cutting which vessel?

small saphenous vein

dorsalis pedis artery

medial plantar artery

anterior tibial artery

fibular artery
6\ Compression of the lateral plantar nerve as it passes between the flexor digitorum
brevis and quadratus plantae could result in weakness of any of the following actions
EXCEPT:

abduction of the great toe

adduction of the middle toe

abduction of the little toe

adduction of the great toe

abduction of the middle toe

7\ Pain may result from friction of the tendon of which muscle that passes deep to the
anterior fibers of the long plantar ligament.

tibialis posterior

flexor hallucis longus

fibularis longus

tibialis anterior

flexor hallucis brevis

8\ A construction worker steps on a board with a nail in it. The nail pierces the sole of
his boot and enters his foot 2 cm anterior to his calcaneal tuberosity, at the middle of the
width of his foot. Before reaching bone, the nail would pass through, in order:

Skin, calcaneometatarsal ligament, flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae, long

plantar ligament

Skin, plantar aponeurosis, flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae, long plantar
ligament

Skin, plantar aponeurosis, flexor digitorum brevis, tendons of the flexor digitorum
longus, long plantar ligament

Skin, plantar aponeurosis, quadratus plantae, flexor digitorum brevis, long plantar
 ligament

Skin,transverse metatarsal ligament, flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae, long

plantar ligament
9\ In an accident involving farm machinery, a farmer recieves a cut on the dorsum of his
ankle. As you inspect the wound and test for functional and sensory deficits, you find that
no tendons have been cut, but the dorsalis pedis artery and the accompanying nerve have
been cut. You would expect to find:

club foot

foot drop

inability to extend the big toe

numbness between the first and second toes

weakness in inversion of the foot

10\ While walking barefoot on the beach in Florida following final exams, a medical
student steps on a sharp shell which punctures the sole of her foot. She notices that she
can no longer spread her toes apart (without using her hands, that is). Which nerve must
have been injured?

deep fibular

lateral plantar

medial plantar

sural

tibial

11\ A medical student goes for a swim while on vacation in Florida after final exams. A
barracuda bites his foot, severing an artery on the dorsum of his foot just below his ankle.
Which artery has been severed?

Anterior tibial

Deep fibular

Deep plantar

Dorsalis pedis

Dorsal metatarsal
12\ The lateral plantar nerve is a branch of which nerve?

Deep fibular

Femoral

Saphenous

Sural

Tibial

13\ The most usual site for feeling the pulsations of the dorsalis pedis artery in the foot
is:

Just behind the medial malleolus

Just lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus

Behind the tendon of fibularis tertius muscle

In the second dorsal metatarsal space

Just behind the lateral malleolus.

14\ A patient with a fracture to the left upper tibia was treated with a plaster cast. A few
days later he started to develop progressive numbness over the dorsum of the foot and
weakness in dorsiflexion. The cast was quickly changed and the signs were attributed to
nerve compression. The compressed nerve was most likely the:

Tibial

Obturator

Sciatic

Femoral

Common fibular

15\ A long distance runner complained of swelling and pain of his shin. At physical
examination, skin testing showed normal cutaneous sensation of the leg. However,
muscular strength tests showed marked weakness of dorsiflexion and impaired inversion
of the foot. Which nerve serves the muscles involved?
 common fibular

deep fibular

sciatic

superficial fibular

tibial

16\ While at the beach in Florida after final exams, a medical student steps on a stingray,
which responds by stinging her in the ankle. The stinger pierces the skin, subcutaneous
tissue, and flexor retinaculum of the ankle. Which other structure passing under the
retinaculum may be injured?

Tibial nerve

Tibialis anterior

Quadratus plantae

Anterior tibial artery

Plantar arterial arch

17\ Your patient was struck by a car's bumper as she crossed the street, and her fibular
neck is broken. After the bone has healed, she has "foot drop", i. e. she cannot dorsiflex
her foot, and so it flops onto the ground during walking. Denervation (paralysis) of which
of the following muscles would be associated with foot drop?

fibularis longus

tibialis posterior

fibularis brevis

tibialis anterior

popliteus

18\ A pedestrian is struck by a car, and his fibular neck is fractured. There is no
indication of foot drop, but he cannot evert his foot and the top of his foot is numb. This
apparent nerve lesion would affect which of the following muscles?
 Tibialis posterior

Tibialis anterior

Fibularis tertius

Fibularis longus

Adductor hallucis

19\ A patient has been diagnosed with bone cancer in the fibula that necessitates its
removal. Which of the following muscles would be least affected following removal of
the fibula?

biceps femoris

extensor digitorum longus

flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallucis longus

peroneus tertius

20\ A player is kicked on the front of his leg during a soccer game, and a large bruise
develops. A hematoma deep to the crural fascia can create extreme pressure within the
anterior compartment of the leg, compressing structures within it. The most likely finding
resulting from this anterior compartment syndrome is:

numbness on the dorsum of the foot

inability to evert the foot

inability to invert the foot

foot drop

inability to plantarflex the foot

21\ A car strikes a pedestrian on the lateral side of her leg. Following the accident, she
has "foot drop". Her foot hangs loosely in plantar flexion when she raises it off the
ground. She can still invert her foot, but cannot evert it. She can flex but not extend her
toes. Which nerve is most likely to have been crushed in her accident?
 common fibular

tibial

superficial fibular

medial plantar

sciatic

JOINT OF LOWER LIMP

1\ An athlete has a knee injury, and the doctor performs a "drawer test" by pulling and pushing
on the leg with the knee flexed. If the leg translates anteriorly, i. e. "gives" or moves anteriorly
when the leg is pulled anteriorly, what joint structure is most likely injured?

anterior cruciate ligament

lateral collateral ligament

medial collateral ligament

medial meniscus

posterior cruciate ligament

2\ In an auto accident, the patient's knee strikes the dashboard which in turn pushes the head of
the femur posteriorly out of its socket. Which ligament is most likely ruptured by this posterior
dislocation?

iliofemoral

ischiofemoral

pubofemoral

transverse acetabular
.
3\ Totest the integrity of the knee joint, a physician pulls anteriorly on the flexed leg of his
patient. This "drawer" test is positive if the leg moves excessively anteriorward. This would
indicate a weakness in or rupture of the:

medial meniscus
 posterior cruciate ligament

fibular collateral ligament

medial collateral ligament

anterior cruciate ligament

4\ One of the menisci of the knee is often injured in a sprain of the knee because the:

Anterior cruciate ligament is attached to the lateral meniscus

Anterior cruciate ligament is attached to the medial meniscus

Lateral collateral ligament is attached to the lateral meniscus

Medial collateral ligament is attached to the medial meniscus

Posterior cruciate ligament is attached to the lateral meniscus

5\ A soldier developed "fallen arches" from marching with a heavy pack in boots that lacked
arch support. The ligament that normally supports the head of the talus and is primarily
responsible for holding up the medial longitudinal arch of the foot is the:

calcaneometatarsal

deltoid

long plantar

plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)

short plantar

6\While water skiing in Florida following final exams, a medical student falls and twists her
ankle. Her foot is forcibly everted, which could cause a sprain of which ligament?

Anterior talofibular

Anterior tibiofibular

Calcaneofibular
 Deltoid

Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring ligament)

7\ During the Orange Bowl, the national championship football game between Florida State and
a team from a land-locked state, a player is blocked from behind during a kick-off return,
injuring his medial collateral ligament. The team doctor tests his knee by pulling anteriorly on
the leg with the knee flexed. If the leg translates (moves) forward significantly, this indicates
damage to which structure?

Anterior cruciate ligament

Lateral collateral ligament

Medial meniscus

Medial collateral ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

8 \Ayoung man involved in a head-on automobile collision had his flexed knee hit the dashboard
of the car. He was later found to have a major instability of the knee, in that his tibia could be
moved posteriorly relative to the femur. What ligament was likely damaged?

Lateral collateral ligament

Deltoid

Medial collateral ligament

Anterior cruciate ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

9\ During a basketball game, the center of the team went up for a rebound and when coming
down, her foot landed on the foot of another player, sharply everting it. She limped off the floor,
having severely sprained the medial side of her ankle. Which ligament was injured?

Calcaneofibular

Deltoid
 Short plantar ligament

Plantar calcaneonavicular

Tibial collateral ligament

10 \Which ligament limits extension at the hip joint?

Iliofemoral

Ligamentum capitis femorus

Pubofemoral

Zona orbicularis

11\In injuries of the knee, the medial meniscus is frequently torn because it is firmly attached to
which structure?

Anterior cruciate ligament

Fibular collateral ligament

Tibial collateral ligament

Patellar ligament

Patellar retinaculum