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The theory of conservation began in the 19th century in response to industrialization, emphasizing the need for sustainable management of natural resources. The movement has faced challenges such as economic priorities and political resistance, but countries like Costa Rica, Norway, and Germany have achieved notable success in conservation efforts. Additionally, architecture and landscape architecture play vital roles in promoting sustainability and integrating natural elements into urban design.

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5 views2 pages

02 - Sword

The theory of conservation began in the 19th century in response to industrialization, emphasizing the need for sustainable management of natural resources. The movement has faced challenges such as economic priorities and political resistance, but countries like Costa Rica, Norway, and Germany have achieved notable success in conservation efforts. Additionally, architecture and landscape architecture play vital roles in promoting sustainability and integrating natural elements into urban design.

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calebtamrat6
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Brief History of Conservation and Environmentalism

1. How Did the Theory of Conservation and Environmentalism Begin?

The theory of conservation emerged in the 19th century as a response to rapid industrialization,

particularly in Western countries. Early thinkers, like George Perkins Marsh in the U.S., highlighted

how human actions could permanently alter ecosystems. This led to the idea that natural resources

needed to be managed wisely to ensure their availability for future generations. Environmentalism,

as a broader movement, gained momentum in the 20th century, focusing on protecting nature not

only for utility but also for its intrinsic value.

2. Challenges Faced in Conservation and Environmentalism

The movement faced challenges including economic priorities, political resistance, lack of public

awareness, and opposition from industries reliant on natural resources. Balancing economic growth

with environmental protection was and still is a complex issue, as immediate economic gains often

overshadow long-term sustainability concerns. Additionally, there was a lack of scientific

understanding in the early days, which made it difficult to convince policymakers and the public of

the importance of conservation.

3. Countries with Notable Success in Conservation

Countries like Costa Rica, Norway, and Germany have made significant strides in conservation.

Costa Rica, for instance, became a success story by implementing policies that incentivized

reforestation, protecting nearly 25% of its land as national parks, and investing in ecotourism. These

measures helped restore forests and biodiversity, positioning Costa Rica as a leader in sustainable

development. Norway has been successful in protecting marine resources and investing heavily in

renewable energy. Germany has championed renewable energy with its 'Energiewende' program,

aiming to reduce carbon emissions and promote a low-impact lifestyle.

4. The Role of Architecture in Conservation


Architecture has played a critical role by promoting sustainable building practices and integrating

natural elements into urban design. The movement toward green buildings emphasizes energy

efficiency, use of renewable materials, and minimal environmental impact. In recent years,

sustainable architecture has also focused on creating structures that adapt to and integrate with

their surroundings, contributing to biodiversity and reducing urban heat effects.

5. Landscape Usage in Conservation

Landscape architecture and urban planning have been instrumental in supporting conservation

efforts. Strategies include designing green spaces that preserve native ecosystems, using natural

elements to control flooding, and developing green corridors that allow wildlife to move between

habitats. Landscape architecture also contributes to reducing pollution and managing urban sprawl,

promoting a balance between development and the preservation of natural landscapes.

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