pie

UNIT Hencluya. &

8D Sunnalatüe
MARINE POLL UT10 N
poluuin_0cuas im Loal ngion but
Most maine
teaaestrial Soucs.

8xten inate
Such
SHCk as
A
agniulnal piuekt,
Riwens lain tanty momy nasts-
i n o l s a r l nasty.
inelusaral
pestiuds, hasicids k oth
aili , GozomicChaangmetal)

bo gamic (yenssiatiu)

Suth as unleadiN, ships, Aapains

Shoreband athivhiey
pds Suchod tibuhkykin
wahing ami- horulng oaytal reg
motirial tv thu
olao add
frn
laakage
tshore txcept
f
Octw
Few trdblems
recks
ol wels 8hip
imto The Sea
the
e l eo
as
Cnde 0i Preduc e oil
the
h ol
t
toam
nk o
ka r
Y

heleay o oil aa n
Spectatulan y n
mott od Aelaaied,
uanhhe

vey lasg
knpreS Ol twmkery
whurt
mprt pl_tankey
wretk
wretks
Gea
Ge
tha om kxxnm Valdan
C o
akerhio
pubhe
aain
Lonsidiras l
hough
hesa Spils o
ommoauu
nmn 8pilled y
timu H
e e
peniod 0
by nalina geepage
nallnal geepnge
a
e
take thot elaased
Sane os
abou the
350
released tnothe
o ceams a 2iwtm D
has bien 2
md t
estin ated be
7 8 8) xio'tmns N
N

M dvsukry Naturad
B19 N
Spis
 tenresmal Sua c e
wM ks
The tho Aeachey he

Vvlaku tompmuns, trning

tar lakes s Sorrds
Sea Surfaaa will form on
he Cmude vd eachirg he
logt to ha amtsphene
od shok where he olatiles ane
G
reloas
trtal anual
Notunal Seepag epresens 8). h e
o, ther are abrut 200 kn seps
acive amaj
T h e naunoN geaS OC imvoltanicCaly

Such a shsre Califumia im h Arabiam hulf.

imduiial
oth Sounces od à band
acivy
conse
bRhr odviling Spills by blouwaus,
Leakins
Stoa tanks attdemtad spil a hasprsible

25/. 9 la total

anger+ 9ource is ha Mumiepal was lewatt

industial wasti win ums- Atv hiwes
etmaitg

Mmicip al asteule Com Contaim Wote

eng ime
od, ad mjinaries s mdustra vperatime eleasc

ol imo h a seaJ.

The durpimg Sewogt studa o Sea as alo

added Some o he Seas.

The The mbine Aum-0}t volume 4 eshmazs ad

a17 he total
duy dockin9 d aKen tantn operahn
P r n t h n maimtenmm,
he a s t t vl

A lange preprtjm 4 od 3 tamspested by sea d ballastirg

with nater and h i tlaaming o t h oid tahki
empty tomks a

empty
Sen has released CnsdnalAe mmihes oil D
 hd

THESEA
PRODUCT RELEASE INTO
RUDE O L AND

eleases c l a e Ve
We motSpectacsdan

qaLies
caeaks ee vesrt asge
ltanken
e ErzOM
ase eleasa as n he cae e
ed tankens AUhoxg
ALhoug
d Sea Enmpecs
dez
conáiderade pesduc ottentucn
ese splls n
aount
peucd
tme te
taRen oves a
hat eleasd
aboct e s ve as

plled i releoced
lerels o!
noteoal seepaqe Te as
ne. ard et
ceavnG ae qven un
a
x Io teunes
been etimated tbe 7- 8s)

Tcn e seen hat e accidental splaq

deuve
tankerS ie n ess han thot
eam sostes
hen
placevent.and
e t o n ocl
L n h e oceasS VA
amaant c
conAdesakde

AvesM a n d ecwvs,
A
n e eanura
alo eleac
i
ks od tanRes i s pe
e t
here
l t O n snuld
e c a nA as

Tnterumaicral Canventiem he Roventuon

cias
m sps (MARPOL) a t
olluien
m iq73 and aten amended "aH
eigrecd
TPe eleanun coacte h c c d
otocoR n IqF6.
a t cen e slip is
be etaued nd pmpe
HocDeve, net alD taRess cckepen
neat n pot
t o e oqreeent
 h eLLO
Iha

ikm Cude o
Onudu l s a vey mplay mlz 7mic pds
mcuding altphatic alkamy, mmoyelir armalid, Pryyelie
hydaoCabns ste. tans bitumens

Reias at Sea
Unude od, whan eleasel at sea, wl not mix wih
en WDke w loak- n h e snpao allowing he estape
ten Cabms d
t
h he
e wlohile conporenk i . 2

below Such as aliphaku alkanus d momoyeii cosmai

C12
benren tonene
Vdat
uch
wll depend on
ano:
) fats
the oil spil
The fak q A wind
he d& tama m shot
im ohudingy Hh wcothe,

dsuchin
Th Henki'ng ol cam nfe a no :9 aksj e water-

m watr x wl daper
wl dKae
Sb tompmns

hs s Wmally areund 11. .

rprdy , althongta
wih vater
Mert Hu myponens au not miscibl.
Wane achion nto vatty d oil
Hun an b mixod by
Emusiu Knwm Mous & .

Mare vos rowe achon wil breakk theoid imto Smal

dsveplets(00l-Imm) that om dupes imthe watey
wumn
hu renu pahh ulali m a CausL selimentatim

oils os as itbins tv e paxtil. The pperties

He oid Spilled ld also atbes Hhe Aate s ha
dpensal
ha dspeson alln nahunally DCUA dn
.dsnwn
eak h ou
dlagding gaisny
mo is imereased bu
hyurashoh depmdiny
eyprn t hydecArkony

dgmdadhn
chemial pocers t e n uteedw as weathe

iolozical llgndatiom wll hecom sGnajiiantE

A
Ove ano: Weeks b u in man Caks the mitnti
miorubial
alfiviy ' es trictesl by th awaiability Ntrzn
Omd phosphah

1oxity
m. tm ewUnmunt m
0U. wilU atco h . Dgamsms

ton tha ozmim

with a layer a d , Smethu
am
s t m u sea bids that his ele
kaminmal plamt,
r

Can bes Seen mst draratialy

Tha cmpnnts dil can be tvi u Ke aAsmafi
he mot toxtc
Ayduoravams, Hhat- anu

Bi0TNDICATORS
- Bio ndi tatns ae whala Cbgonisms hatan e
rtpresentahi ves hair ewiaommen and wrhose

populakion thanges os e d to e3himote he etbeus

podutams

B1O MALkERS
Bio nankes an
physidtegcal, _biochemical s moleudan
chara teSti Dgamms KQmedtm the
ew'amment A the
hat wl be
Chaacteistia chosen aL thos
afbecked by prllutamy.

T
 BlOSENSORS
A
ABiosenar cam be
detinad os adiviu hot
mcpor
a
bidlegical ens ina eloman im, Clo Droimiy -ates
interrated wih a
Sinnal- trans dhncu

aamtify on Copnund o tonaih ns

Bioinditatos
Bio indicatos gmim a hvge hot
thot Cam
cam be sed
dmbi ty quantty ha
ued to
tD

ewwasnmert. dally
efteeks - prlutants m

,
dishi buted widely
alable a
ahundent-8 not mopile
a_yean,
hae hizh n
A
t ore -Casy
eay _olloe
cetleek
centraim hactor for the
prutam specrfic
Sens i e
the potuntans to
* m mndbil 0amiams, which a suitable
tor
u -os bo indiatos , aL h
ivalre. molass
The
ilter-Heeding muwgels aknawn to acmudoli
heamy mtas,making hem ideal frs hu
Coastal Natens.
moniborimng

Marin othbim has bean monitored

by hollowiry iereased
maormahns m
embryp dab limam da limnda)
m h Noth gea, wheuh hac been inked tv m
nswlly
high inp 9 DT 4
oly cherinatel biphenyls CPcBi)
vm dhe Bine Elbe
SheSemaphort Crab Heloe-ius Coi hormis) has bee
Austoaim
shawn be , a gvvd mditatnr lead n

eytuaries
7
Bo chumica mdi atns
-

Tha a based m L abliy a he prlutamt

ndu
aoprm a t he zen
wih
moreadun Speihc- eyne iweve
datorihatim torutaminnt

The extent xgresims

Seswes a a
this
ep he availabe concentatim he
Pellutamd
BIo CHEMICAL B10 MAAKEP
Ogomism
Prtluukan
Muel
Myclu uutthione Heamg metaly
duis)
resh wal
musel
LUnio tmidu) tathione imulating
Homoe myme) Coppen, 1hiram
(GS).
Sen Sta
Asteias nubend tochrme P4S0,
Oyse
Ben
20Pyene y drrylase PAHs
Crarsostra i1) Motallothiseins
Matals

Bio indicaks
Manine Mieo
Mio Agae
Micro aga hawe bwrn
en a
Hgae)
blorms d to apoplem with
pn riky
hwphicati the algal
-
emoral has bean
Miu as an
ten mrall
gmall im
m 5ne.
52e
row a
sirgle calls os in
gmald ovups
[5-2-0Mm)
(5-2.0Mm)
Euhophitahm s ha
enaithmant
omi imogami L matea natugal wates wus
wh
hegn, whih leads to extir especially hosphake
mwth.
photesynhetiu m-03 phap
T h nihrate phssp kotes in he n-ht mcurage the

proric fmwth photrsyrthati 0gmisrmi, im

ponvhialon yamobatei
x k u r t wh knawn as blons an prrdu a
+otims Hhat kill is, omd n addiim- heir doath
e aka
alpae Sink to he pottom ha laka Tre
Omd educhon im Ougen
decomp0n, whith Causes
Cam alo kill ish
and O¥he oamism
Cortent whith

Joxiiy tesng aa habeab tkirnela vulgaui , are

Ohen wed tw Aopreent trph leve u) [Primay prucers)
Mest hu tests a he erposwe Ka alzal oalue to
he prllukans brr 3 days and he heduchon in outh

to a l ulat the EC5 Va

abe ued
toxiant Hat wil ahfest
T EC5o vane gies evellve
oulbur
atfected by te
h ewnonmes
test cam be
Rchulk he foxiaty
T rst peries, Cultu tume, lgkt intgnsty
suth as
ndithns ilomintous
ilomintous
hart al ben pop0sed nluding
Mani algae
Ceramiuum Sticbum Cenamim tenilne, Phaedaztyyn
algae
witos nutum ond Champia pamda
uhisinhibike4
hhorela valgais is a Mibvoalya,

by he etut pena chlegophand

 MARINE ALhAE (SEAWE EDs)
Secwedds, te oldert members t h a

ba d many
hundeds o i l l i o s d
ingdorn,
Plard extnding
es Oanattunishc:
no tnue v a l a u a
They hane kile
AHE tisua dherunkiatiom,

n toves.
t i n e , no sten Y leane,
op, viduaktoly
to
indt
mitostoit
onse im Size or
Algae
huge plan m hom an abupM
He comt,
iu
contirmoui aleng
hangh he torn OCCn
at int
Lonpvsii
DYerni pecieg C n e k U meet

thann hutnent- Aith n o s e a n

Con ceptin Wher

Soluthen onee3

p
Thee e Maline gae
hyta
Broun Mgae h e hacop Borwn algre
kgal, `non
gal. algae
Bveun algae. u He larpest kgpe
9-
phylum haeephya, whith means dushy plars
ike s maiuu Coullecd a hodfaet to anchor
a
Sfate kelp, lockvced lfutna)
2. Re Algae TheRkezlephya
These more ham b, eo 9pecies. ) sed algae. Ral
algne ho l l iart Colou due to he pigrment

Phy coehrin Thit algoe lan live ct greater cleptAs

nan bmun bec

green algone. nk
absos- ht
Co voulbine alge
P Aesl alga, s mpooemt
te tpornatiom Copl Reef
g agaa rsh nmess. ernllint algod
duu. (Palrn aia paAma a)
 mediinal preperties hoztt
Kcd Maaine Mgat's egnlay p r s e
he immune Sysems
enhon inmuMO-
m edmlatY /amiuTral
m-
ut t L
indicating
ent wth all
he
rotein
Re Agoe. a Conplete
mest pla rods
mino a ciels- unlike
esenh ad comlent
laskehydsotz

h a s kas a hih extenti_hatyc i d pefal

E okeiins m
ma 6
mega 3
n oueing D i b m 3 , minë\als
minenals
Vibannins,
has am abundamce 0
ataally 0cuNg Synegiihe
ma
toate elemens

ol he Chloruphyh
6reen r e e n aljal..
reen aya
amor han iA, 00D species
08 reshwatey h a b i a s
-The
may be tound im m
m most soid
fhare
tslonia
Nen
Smu icelhtor,
n 3rrns l hc e l l uA
laan
cornes
Yhese 4ga. tidepobs
d Lonmmly found in
which called
Lettue
Sea which
Comnly

onespecies
Codiwrn ,
Dead mam s

BIO- TN DICATORS
A he
Vagious algae Ser dbheent hunetims. A h
re
Sinplest, hey're bio-indicatm, gauige
yanohacteria
Becau hy're more cleey Aelated to bacteria, tHha

Ohe aGeu theH Sum n potuked, undn

oAL
tem h
- akiale Sürulaka , v e kerhli ed uate
Slimy tv He truch
Jhay typiay
cells,_cluwtens, hatads
d chaing
Foms únchnde nple
T h preenee H t s genup a domgen Sn im mes

Omaia
domehimy seiasy'amuss :toiom Cr tudahn
we
ALgpe as wode
Pollukam
i n the asninahe seage alzal m , uai
wale
beddes lke lakg, v e s show so muth gmu
prnds
Vains Speces blue freen algoe, ren nlgaa
der brmn alga Hat the hater becons abiá, cloud
pellwh 1frenist m tdor.
A r t r s plahkonic algae fpm thick pleey mas
he waten suafate uch eceasire algalgmth ik called
wote plosm
Yh
hblozm tus he lk_ht to doeperr aye uats
boady
amd imhib decompDsition 6ogomi mat in

hat uate body .

The Agae. bruther add aa Lasge anount janie
mater death the D wouk bey iohih
ater deray fo
no decompeses amicky due to preyailing. Cneut on
mha water loooj. Vhis cans genins wate pollihm,

Moy lgae ika. Aliunystis, Aphaniym preu cu

o Substanc hot a hanmul to bishas and auahe
rimmay Those ham he land
oins also

Omimal obinkiy his prlluted uaer

h n aenenal Wate ooms maka Leate alg

Wpleasant in Srore hshy in tagk nfit_fay
dnbing
Mamy geeies 9 buue -oeen e a n l g a a tat foon
exCoPsin rwhs alko chke he watey t k , pyelineg s
othu assiated. metallatitnd ca4ii vnaaz Kabe. pLbn
 mdicatos
Algo as Prluion

be used to donkit
Lan
m water hrdy
algal Hlora Snch Studies q
Tu
pe lesol wat prllutisn
in LAornhiuahm
Ldenhhajo
hare been wed
lgal lorn pooplens
polliuthon

ya watr
olewi
AWuler andity.
Caurs enera 1se
se
T3e im he aidsky u e t s inihially
vakyaiiedh,
lantnous algae Howeer, hsybh levels
avicd forirp chemritls aCad ai4
due to pdluhm by
Vse in planktemie _alza h e wate hody
.

Beulka n
im wafe
logt algae and diotrd disappead tomplelely
elw he pt56
hghly Sens ihive p pH_ dhfensst 9peies
2 Drakos a
valu q water body
veny
cmpaitisn d i a t m s
Thus chamgay n he eperies

acouralely ndicateshe ph levwl the uaey 7

3:Seunae. gnic malte ehemucal featlines

matte thernital ferthtzery
worease im he czani

ha a washed bedy Aosulbr im

inbo he watey

Ase eutrophicatio Aesults in unter bloms

o
algec She wated Homa plamktoni
algal k Monysis, Scandensmus, Hyaiodiciyon
im dcate pollub wali bdy dce t o easse
chlorelle
pherplates
Bgamit mater, nitates A
s
addiho
Shigeoclonium
eam ntals sme algae ke Cladophoo) s
attumulali many heau metals ne wakr
abs and
in he nate indica,
Thes the exuKve prh 9 hsc algae
prtlukion due w heay metals.
O oluti essre gmh 9 algae Lke (Jnella) teniola
Skelekonerna cgtrtum Caucosphana tanterae, Pmphidiury
-Carterae, he cy tlotella Cnyphica Pavtova lutler mdiiate
 Bioamudiation
mutabob m BiwnumudiaHon s the use
Umo
Oyp0uss hat u
to
poilukats emucnosngamismoi
Bio ieme diaken u
naual muuenmumt miaoogamuns to aetum h
natnalL state CAamgeo pollutams to i

w O Com Bionemdiain
Pe spwmsd en
can ocu
s th oddi'n
mduuun
Nepeculy-nauual
i atcnuotion
nei -poRluted andioatwulatten
a
mg, piots amd oka
a woriz
uaking ousuwn muias- muioumemt, bactea,
otgamiAns aÁz Constant
would ocC
am organi makei. Aat
contammnakrd Au Okgamie pollutamt suc as ol
emienmunt?Sems
muas Rgamisms would
olie, waiu
te
C2ottng the Ongamic otns Capal
Capell
BLOimLduanon iveA y
polluh'oin
wGuld sutue. would sunuLue
2atmg orgamis ma u# PAUuioltng Hise pallution
CEnditens hhat ea, Oxugem mo otiun
These Ongamisms eulel Humincoaagc
n Aopd
het Kapd euth
heut
lu atie to nLak
cewn he OAgai c
polatant a t a cDRALSPEdugin
to hulp cleam up L sptlle
uwnchio of 0simadiaton O knoum as
BoKmmediatos(Lrieaugmentaton).
Bio umou aton .echnolog
BLOUAMMng
Lemd famins
BioRe0do
Cempos umg
Bio duguntaow
Rhiaofltatin
lansAa Used ta endve. pRlukanks-fm the enihen
Thi Callud hytoARmLsliaHo
ue Gnako Mainhinn to CALat Orgammsra
pecupcal deuigns p biokemLoliah em has
ha
aa pokenta Jhe backuium einococauu
AadtedKaMs- lhe most Aadiohnstamt igam4 M)
as le
modiuid o consume i o ouige
oluwm OMd iovit mucn hem Aughly Aadióactum
Muuan wasfe
Baceua w , uwd o
lan up Hu ol pul H ra
O eAlasko Asughly 2o
yCO RLonato ya g0
tat àOn iorumecludHOn
ngt te Adlu h leiel euhomlpattan
Bio LMoioton. acceluatoa
0leophi lic, hydnopAobee
batuo, wich cAMucal, contalng ro
to oa olue chumically amd
ghse accelahaktMA
Gud imo phuyiially bends
Lut hycdho
and e u ack as a Audima caslons
ujau, agent tn uOle
uja h i wake, Leatng moluculs to tu
phemols and BTEX omug ncucng o uts uch as
whe ApAaya 9n wakA, 9l-le
mulien uak sem he nulimt a
agglominakoy.
Aic
docaithn CeImi e local, madigemous
deuwn Hhe Aycho calens bacteua Jhese
Cmto wot Laeak
dioxid 98.akams dagraded aud Caudren-
aemats m 28 odays,
hodigadrd 200 tmu
fastn tAa
Potenttal biovemediakim af preaChho maine oil spillk hall to
tee maj Ckegoi ieg .
Stimmlothim a imdigenos mioogamr harugh addihiom
nubsiens Chenilization),
ntreluhion euio akemlagea nalaay Occudl»y oil-dezaling
n o's(adkna)
peraticaliy enginaerad. mos GEM) with speadd al-degndy
Enbrduchim
Prgpevti eg3.
 1
Waks
Biovemediation q induutial
im ewin
Vaiety prhutams ane discharged tha -munk

alge no: mdushius m i. Fr e teah le industy

alonu tonhi buts amaumk potkams t
a snii camt
War btdies Such emymes, a tids, alkali, odevhols

phunds, dyes, heay meals et C

h a s en heppsted that achinomyiShow a

highu copauty to bind metal ioms a comy2n u

bateiaa
Dn addi th n, upnk methanism
hvimhvim md dead
Cels dahf
dyfenence they har
potential appicani n im indhsi eg
The
Aury mioial cells aeunudake metals mtva calunlay
at a higkn tnentatim, whernas dead coly eutpitot mataly
in and aioumd tel als by Sevenal metaboke pce.

Dea biornas moiised n polrmevi membane ahsobs

inam m well, s mmobilied Aspesillus
0T2ae
2 celly
e cell
6m eiwwlote ham pah das hoar been
remoyal

oTemediatim Dy

Then imited study n miombial dugrodatiom

020 eactive dys. Maeimumm no: 9 dEs undugo
dagndakiom thrugh eductin
Pseudmon
Stairs catalyse
T nm azo- rduccase
a20- lanko h e dp . ats a e dmas
NADLP)
dagradatim pioun a z o ,
Duing
Woten
inm-oil emulsimi, ten temed
Mowe, ae prmed
Son

Sea water , through heany wawe athion, bewmes entrained wih ih been

imdub
*
water- m
-oid emulsi m dihi t bo7 m'o'S t
m
dagode tham o alme. Moiuse tmahin, r : has ben
suzested
esed as a majo imitins ct im petroleurm bo dagadah
ho dagmdako,
Nahunal blodegaadak tn is wimately e Qthe meet imprstan
mans by whth dids emord fom hke maina enWionm
especinlly h e nmwtlakilu tumpme ud r hn

peroteum
Dya prote whinby mo's chumi calu tam5m ompound
Suoh as petoluum kydrotanhrns i n Simpler prrducs (pdes)

Alhaugh Sone polks Cam actually be more m p l , idaally

hudheca wwwld e conwenr D CO2 non
, toxi walir
Souuble pels, s new muohial biomas
B . TemediatiovM Potenhial Aduamtazes Dis adsalagey
Aduronko2
Uually iwwwes
my mimima hysica dstnuphim a
No site
Smji camt adves ekjects when used
Cos vecdhy
Moybe helphu
im
Aemaving govne tha foxic Lsmpmnh d 0i
Okfens a Simpl s mo
homuh ouhm hom mechamical
ovitbuy las ustky hom oher appnehes techneosies
Dsedvomkae
0 umdeler ined ektetvenes
m
or man.
May not be apppsak at a tpts spul
Takas time to wos
Aproauh mut be -speihially tailoved fr ach polluted stt
pimi2atim Aeapins Sulsomtial imfomatim aba* spil
pildl
and oi shacek- chanackest.
 Sone omaLubic batkra trcptmy cs bunsi hae
been Chanactensed f deceonahin chomagenic dye

-imowrd n dye dugadatim

aL Lizrase
emmms
penoridaM *
(highin perotidase), Mr) dperdunt
aksouatcd
hap emymy one wel
HoTalDoidos.

wim srin dugandlir stern

Biomediahm Xndhiotiy

benatited he moden Souiety by

pesHud has
mpvin he uanhity guality he sdd's fnd
produ.cin.
cpds ie Xenobivthe
made Compux
Maw
May h a aihilially bstoloziual
blolozital
am do nut undago
posist in
erwiaonnini

tansonaio

h o im deoondlatiom
am imprtan
Miew ojomisms pny statt tmc/
sbiotie, mantaing s e shady

chomitas .vm Ku ewnmmun

The wmpluBe dugadahm aeshiude naecula to i

imwhanic umpmen than Can be erentually gsl in a

oxidativ , emas potenhial toXiut r t

enminmment
Bioemediai on eany metals Batteri, algoa, fungi
acumnlah high.
Ockiumytetes hishen ploms amsun

their cel.
heay metals n
othe
Mn The peie3 chrkeaA , nabaena mae4NLales,
howe been uied fo me nenom
haau
m a i n alya metals
atcumulatiing& heany etahs in heiv
Pgai are catab
cells h mechomis m operaked. in hem ho remenl heowy
vnels hm the soution a ymataboiSm -'ndepandat
a c c u d a t n )netabanm. dependome a ccmulahim )Eeta cellu
pre ciplbebim 3 Complaatdn
 BioDEsRADATION
use
naina
Biodagadatim Aahens t the povces whwes
batteria othn
miumrgeiems alker brealcelun
trgamit mateulyit othn suhstanus, Such a

yoty a cds d O.

MMombiad eqadat onXen Xendbiottes

Biodegadaki m esheid Ocus by aeroeit od

Peshidps
wida
wide
Vaities chemica e.
-xyakayA Canb oryce acid, chlorophno
substitukesl weas, nihophendy,
Dunati om peass tom hebiidas d
insechads tm soil poBomgs m Iweek to
Syeas
Bio degahm hnangh
hydrlys -0- mds
bby Peudomenad diminwa an Plavoactenium.
L wmsLdered he
aj
mo sgmjiran Steps m
thi
ditorih cah m
7omophosphoous cpol

Uqovmomenudial hoe been pwctised 'm

Sna he bi ungicid .
Tha maj urgicty uno m
STubl
agNutn, a watey
olerivati ves Such as
Thram
M th
2nam, fexhaan
A dngradas
Pena chlorop hemst (PCP) by m0
a brad
whh has been sed a spectru biotde
agiudi, msech ude, hobiecde ete
Bio peackos Containiy alginat immobilisel
kuam immdb iived PCP + ywrethane
degradimg Havebactenium cals
colls harebeen
Aae been
 i
we em6ve PCP mwtomu naked watey
ome
bptim PCP by Poymuhete mmobili 2u mahix
PLP.
sedueing toxiuty
plays a soe im

semared detoihid PcP.

Plap batteiwm

sedemmanasChysyprrum enme(lizninase) has

been tpund to
dehalejtnak pcP
Sps PCP degraolatin
DpT
L I Toichlovo 2,2-bis

CpanachHoD phenyDehane Penta Ckophaned (PcP)

dechlorin on
Aedoie Anaerobie
tldcheky 2-etne depradak
dagradaim
dechlozinatitn Tehra-thla 3,4, 5, ndekphend
oxidaHom P- hydnodnak

decasboxuyla kou
Trichloro hy drwquinen 3.S, diklonphand
bis mettne

cleavao° 3 chlernphand
dCon hydroguinone
Pchlooo pheryl acetic

clcavg Rinysion
Ring hieon
DDT (1, 1, 1- tichlon- 2, 2, bi4-lp- Dhloep henyl) ehomiy is am

mseuhicude hat pw m
ol hs hs
Degredation pakh DDT i o am indkial dchorinoation

o the trchlonsmethy pmp form 1, 1- dichlv-2-ethane

mi

whish then mdrzos hther dechdinatim , D2edation

de carbo lation to om bis mehome

whseanmt elaanog ore e nomal anonmati ring

elo p- thlropheng autit aid, wohieh may algo undng
tleun M.o anoiked hth DDT dagndaim Apeyillus flaskuy

FAaiumoryspasum, MAcoY atevnoms, f chytorpridm. Iitodemu