1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

It is important to put the right waste in the right bins. The Republic Act (RA) 9003,

otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, provides the necessary

policy framework, institutional mechanisms and mandate to the Local Government Unit (LGU) to

achieve 25% waste reduction through establishing an integrated solid waste management plans

based on reduce, reuse and recycling (3Rs). To this cause, commitment of various government

agencies and schools is necessary. Doing applicable remedies to strengthen the 3Rs is extremely

helpful.

With waste segregation as the initial step in 3Rs, it is a must to make segregation process

interesting, especially in schools where some students do not cooperate despite efforts made by

teachers and students leaders. Regular waste segregation has posted a number of disadvantages:

messy and untidy classroom corners because of open trash bins; students' exposure to toxic and

foul odor; skin rush due to insect bites or mishandled waste could result in various skin diseases,

breathing issues and other health concerned. Dengue is one of the diseases due to improper waste

disposal, according to Ligsay A. D. et al. (2023) dengue is one of the most dangerous vector-borne

diseases worldwide and is a significant public health in the tropics. In addition, Reinhart and

Townsend (2018) stated that there are non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that are brought about

due to improper waste segregation, such as cancer and asthma, or several defects evident at birth

among infants.

The researcher propose Hide-a-waste: Automatic Sorting Device that hides garbages that

will help to support government initiatives on waste reduction and will also awaken interest among
 2

students to practice segregation everytime. In classroom, this system will no longer require

students to do the sorting that will only expose them to foul smell and bacteria.

With the help of Automatic Hide-a-waste device, waste segregation and untidy classroom

corners due to open bins are no longer a problem.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to provide effective way to help minimize classroom wastes with less

human interaction.

Specifically, this study aims to:

1. Provide automatic sorting device for garbages using Arduino;

2. Reduce human intervention in waste segregation;

3. Ensure proper segregation with minimal efforts;

4. Maintain a neat and tidy garbage corners.

Significance of the study

Teacher

Teachers will not worry too much when it comes to the segregation of student's garbage.

Students

The study will strengthen their interest in waste segregation.

School

This study will help school reduce litters.

Future Researcher
 3

They can use this study to create similar device with improved functions.

The device will have following benefits:

1. Efficient waste management: Automatic waste segregation machine can effectively sort

of waste such as plastics, paper, and metals. This ensures that the waste is properly

managed and disposed of in the correct manner, reducing, the chances of littering and

untidy waste bins inside the classroom.

2. Time-saving: Sorting waste manually can be a time-consuming process. However, with

an automatic waste segregation machine, the process is much quicker and more efficient,

allowing teachers and students to focus on other important tasks.

3. Environmental benefits: By segregating waste properly, classrooms can contribute to

environmental conservation efforts. Recycling and proper disposal of waste materials can

help conserve natural resources, reduce pollution, and minimize the carbon footprint.

4. Health and hygiene: Proper waste segregation reduces the risk of contamination

specifically if sorting is done manually and maintain cleanliness in classrooms. This can

help prevent the spread of diseases and create a healthier environment for students.

5. Compliance with regulations: The government imposes regulations of guidelines in place

for waste management. By using waste segregation machines, classrooms can ensure

compliance with these regulations and avoid potential penalties or legal issues.

Scope and Delimitation

This research will gather the data from Jose Panganiban National High School. This data

will be collected from among the expert teachers in Computer System Servicing (ICT), Electrical
 4

Installation & Maintenance (EIM), and Electronic Product Assembly & Servicing (EPAS) fields

for the second semester for the SY2023-2024, employing the mix method of research.

The instrument to be used will be the interview guide and the Four-point Likert scale during

the device assessment. An interview guide contains list of questions or topics that the interviewer

hopes to cover during the interview. Additionally, it is intended to find out the opinions and

suggestions of participants. A Likert scale is a rating scale used to measure opinions. It consists of

a statement, followed by a series of five answer statements. Respondents choose the option that

best corresponds with how they feel about the statement. This Four-point Likert scale is composed

of 1 to 4 rating, which is the 1 means STRONGLY DISAGREE, 2 as DISAGREE, 3 as AGREE,

and 4 as STRONGLY AGREE. The researchers will plan, measure and build the device. The

research-participants will rate the device on its segregation functions and its effectiveness in

maintaining tidy garbage corner. The researcher will showcase the device then the participants will

observe and will rate.

The data gathered in this qualitative research will be analyzed using weighted mean.

Definition of Terms

Automatic. Operating independently with minimal human intervention. In this study, it pertains

to the device's capability to automatically sort and segregate dry waste into plastic wrappers

(residual), papers (organic), and aluminum cans/plastic bottles (recyclable), which are commonly

found in schools.

Bins. Containers used for storing waste materials. In this study, it refers to the three containers

within the device that individually hold different types of waste.

 5

Hide. To keep something out of sight or concealed from view. In this study, it denotes the device's

function of concealing the waste from being visible or noticed.

Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3Rs). The principles of minimizing waste generation, reusing

materials, and recycling to promote efficient resource utilization and build a sustainable society.

Respondent. An individual who provides responses or answers to questions, particularly in

surveys. In this study, they are the teachers from JPNHS (specifically from ICT, EIM, and EPAS

strands) who will evaluate the device and share their opinions on its components and functions.

Segregation. The process of separating items based on specific classifications. In this study, it

refers to the automated separation of waste into different categories using three bins.

Sorting Device. A device used to separate dissimilar items into predetermined groups as part of

an automated process. In this study, it refers to the device's function of segregating waste based on

its moisture content.

Toxic. Referring to substances that contain poison or are capable of causing harm or toxicity. In

this study, it pertains to waste materials that can produce toxins and require appropriate disposal

methods.

Waste Management. The process of collecting, recycling, and disposing of various waste

materials. In this study, it refers to the device's function of managing dry waste, specifically plastic

wrappers (residual), papers (organic), and aluminum cans/plastic bottles, through proper sorting

and disposal methods.

 6

References
Ligsay, A. D., Regencia, Z. J. G., Tambio, K. J. M., Aytona, M. J. M., Generale, A. J. A.,
Alejandro, G. J. D., Tychuaco, J. S., De Las Llagas, L. A., Baja, E. S., & Paul, R. (2023).
Efficacy Assessment of Autodissemination Using Pyriproxyfen-Treated Ovitraps in the
Reduction of Dengue Incidence in Parañaque City, Philippines: A Spatial
Analysis. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8(1),
66. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8010066

Oxford Languages and Google - English | Oxford Languages. (2022, August

12). https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/

Reinhart, D. R., & Townsend, T. G. (2018). Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation.
In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203749555

Republic Act No. 9003 | GOVPH. (2001b, January 26). Official Gazette of the Republic of the
Philippines. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/01/26/republic-act-no-9003-s-2001/
 7

CHAPTER 2

RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review of related literature and studies that are relevant to the study.

The focus of the study is on the problem of waste segregation management in various

establishments, public places, and even public transportation vehicles, with the aim of promoting

new ideas and modern technology to prevent the spread of diseases and improve community living

conditions.

Review of Related Literature

Local Literature

Catan and Molina (2020) found that senior high school students have sufficient knowledge

about the definition of solid waste, the effects of improper waste disposal, prohibited activities

related to waste, school initiatives in waste management, the importance of waste management,

and students' responsibilities. However, they have limited knowledge about the different laws

related to waste management.

According to Ariel San Jose (2021), educational institutions play a crucial role in waste

management. Therefore, it is important to incorporate waste management for a healthy campus

into higher education's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and curriculum. Students should be

encouraged to become responsible citizens and minimize the culture of throwing waste away.

Additionally, educational institutions should provide proper waste facilities to optimize

cooperation and strictly enforce existing laws while implementing programs to promote proper

waste disposal continuously.

 8

Ridha et al. (2019) conducted a study on waste management systems in schools,

specifically focusing on waste collection points. The study found that the implementation of waste

collection points as a waste management system has been effective. However, there are still

challenges such as funding allocation for facilities and infrastructure, scheduling garbage

transportation, errors by transportation officers, and insufficient socialization by the city

government.

Avila et al. (2022) addressed the issue of plastic waste by developing a Bubble Barrier

system that uses solar energy to separate solid waste from water in canals. The system

demonstrated an overall efficiency of 82% and successfully separated waste materials of various

sizes. The study concluded that the developed system was effective in collecting plastic waste

through devices designed for solid waste segregation.

Blancaflor et al. (2022) focused on waste collection and segregation in the Philippines,

which is known as the third-largest producer of solid waste in Southeast Asia. Their study aimed

to simplify waste collection and segregation to encourage more frequent recycling and incentivize

community members through a web application. The research evaluated the usability of the mobile

application developed for the study and its effectiveness in motivating the community to support

the country's waste management policies.

Foreign Literature

Kulkarni (2020) emphasized the importance of waste management due to the harmful

effects of improper waste segregation on humans. Improper segregation leads to the production of

dangerous greenhouse gases during the breakdown of dry and wet waste. Proper waste segregation

helps divert waste from landfills and ensures proper recycling. For example, mixed dry waste like
 9

glass and paper can be transformed into new products, reducing the need for raw materials and

saving energy and resources. Failure to segregate and dispose of waste properly can result in

significant damage to the environment.

Debrah et al. (2021) highlighted that solid waste management is a complex issue involving

institutional, political, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. It has become a major problem

in urban areas of emerging countries due to rapid urban growth. The lack of environmental

awareness among different age groups in developing nations contributes to environmental

challenges and unsustainable development. The study also revealed that awareness, attitude, and

practices regarding waste management vary significantly based on age and educational level.

Insufficient environmental knowledge among teachers affects students' understanding of

environmental issues.

Alabi et al. (2019) focused on the widespread use of plastic and its impact on the

environment. The study highlighted that plastic waste, especially single-use plastics, is a

significant environmental health concern. Large volumes of plastic waste are generated globally,

with a low percentage being recycled or incinerated. The improper disposal of plastic waste,

including ocean pollution, incineration, and landfill dumping, has severe consequences such as

environmental pollution, contamination of the food chain, energy waste, biodiversity loss,

economic losses, and impacts on wildlife and ecosystems.

Nnorom and Odeyingbo (2020) further emphasized the negative consequences of plastic

waste, including environmental pollution, bioaccumulation of synthetic contaminants, and impacts

on wildlife. They highlighted the significant volumes of plastic waste generated globally and the

need for effective waste management strategies to address these issues.

 10

Tong et al. (2019) discussed the implementation of garbage classification legislation in

China, particularly in Shanghai. They examined the current situation of garbage classification in

China, including legal aspects, waste amounts, economic factors, management strategies, resource

utilization, and successful experiences. Their study aimed to provide inspiration and guidance for

garbage classification initiatives in other countries.

Review of Related Studies

Local Studies

Flores and Tan Jr. (2019) conducted a study titled "Literature Review of Automated Waste

Segregation System using Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Analysis" at the Technological

Institute of the Philippines. The study explored various advancements and strategies for efficient

waste management and disposal. Devices such as Raspberry Pi and algorithms were utilized to

classify waste based on scanned images. However, the limitations of these devices include their

accuracy only with single-object images, the need for quick waste identification and classification,

bulk waste categorization, and a focus on waste generated in schools. High image processing

capability is required to accurately identify and separate recyclable materials.

Tan et al. (2020) conducted a study titled "Automated Waste Segregation System using

Trained Optical and Material Sensors with User Communication Capabilities" at the University of

St. La Salle. The study focused on waste segregation as a means to reduce landfill waste and

increase recyclable materials. The study developed a system capable of detecting four types of

waste: metal cans, plastic bottles, papers, and other waste. Users could access data and check the

system's waste categorization through a web application. The system had the potential to produce

multiple waste bins using the same trained model. However, challenges included the wide variation
 11

of waste, the need for continuous updates to maintain accuracy, the limitation of segregating one

waste at a time, and the inability to segregate large wastes.

Endaya et al. (2020) conducted a research study titled "Design and Implementation of

Automated Waste Segregator with Smart Compression" at Lyceum of the Philippines University.

The study focused on developing an Automated Waste Segregator with Smart Compression that

properly segregated four types of waste and maximized the capacity of the garbage can. The system

utilized push buttons for input and smart compression when the sensor detected that the paper or

plastic bin was full. LED indicators were used to notify users when the bins were full. The study

concluded that the system could provide efficient waste segregation based on user input.

Lopes and Machado (2019) conducted an experimental study on an Internet of Things

(IoT)-based automatic waste segregator. The study successfully implemented the segregation of

waste into metallic and non-metallic waste, as well as wet and dry waste. The system reduced the

need for human intervention in waste segregation while ensuring proper waste segregation with

minimal effort.

Pamintuan et al. (2019) utilized Internet of Things (IoT) technology to design an automatic

waste segregation system. The study developed a trash bin equipped with sensors that intelligently

segregated waste and provided monitoring reports of waste collection. Image recognition and

machine learning techniques were used for automatic trash classification. The developed prototype

achieved efficient trash classification after training with over 2000 samples of biodegradable and

non-biodegradable waste.
 12

Foreign Studies

Pai (2021) conducted research on the design and development of an automatic dry waste

segregator for household and institutional waste. The study aimed to reduce complexity and human

effort by designing an Automatic Waste Segregator. The machine efficiently sorted dry waste into

three categories: ferromagnetic metals, paper, and plastic. The project demonstrated that this work

could be a step towards source separation, leading to a cleaner and better environment. The

compact design of the machine made it suitable for installation in residential and institutional

settings.

Sigongan et al. (2023) focused on the development of a solar-powered smart garbage

segregation system with SMS notification and machine learning image processing. The study

aimed to create a sustainable waste segregator system powered by solar energy. The system

performed real-time object recognition and categorization of garbage into biodegradable, non-

biodegradable, and recyclable categories. The goal was to build a smart bin that could segregate

solid waste into the respective bins, notify utility staff when the smart bin needed to be emptied,

and promote an environment-friendly approach by utilizing renewable solar energy.

Lubongo and Alexandridis (2022) emphasized the importance of automated technology for

sorting plastic waste in medium- to high-volume recycling plants. They highlighted the need for

automated sorting systems to separate plastic objects based on type, color, and size to achieve

high-quality recycled plastics. Automated technology plays a crucial role in the recycling process

and contributes to the development of a circular economy.

Nafiz et al. (2023) proposed a machine for waste segregation using a smart object detection

algorithm based on deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) and image processing techniques.
 13

The machine accurately classified waste and placed it in corresponding bins using a servo motor-

based system. The machine also included ultrasonic sensors in each bin and dual-band GSM-based

communication technology to notify the responsible authority about the waste level and the need

for trash collection. The entire system was controlled remotely through an Android app, allowing

for automated waste dumping in a desired location. This system contributes to recycling resources

and turning them into usable products.

Yadav (2021) proposed a fully automated waste management system that implemented

waste segregation using computer vision, deep learning, and Internet of Things (IoT) technology.

The system segregated municipal waste into organic and recyclable waste, eliminating the need

for manual segregation and reducing the risk of disease transmission for municipal workers.

Automation increased the speed and efficiency of waste segregation while reducing costs. The

study aimed to ideate and implement innovative and sustainable waste management systems with

minimal human intervention.

Synthesis of State-of-the-Art

Most local literature that have been reviewed explained about how knowledge influences

the practices in proper solid waste management. Most cited the importance of inclusion of this

field of knowledge to the curricula of universities and colleges, even in high schools. Also, the

inclusion of the most suited garbage collector bins, provision of structures dedicated to waste

management, and other practices that would address the challenges of every place and/or

institutions.

Most foreign literatures that have been reviewed are similar in stating that recycling is one

important aspect of waste management as every nation cares about the environment. In terms of
 14

practices, factors like knowledge, attitude, awareness, age, and education as well as institutional,

political, and socioeconomic conditions have varying effects to how people engage themselves in

taking care of the environment through proper waste management.

Most local studies that have reviewed explained how the automatic segregation help our

industry. They are similar in stating the significance and usefulness of the automatic segregation

machine. In terms of its uses, like the isolation of waste material can be speedy, flexible and not

messy, it is also help in lessening the waste that goes to landfills that can lead in reducing human

intervention in the process of segregation of garbage while ensuring proper segregation of waste

with minimal efforts. Additionally, most local studies used sensors in making automatic

segregation machine , whether is it biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and recyclable.

Lastly, most foreign studies that have reviewed explained how the automatic segregation

machine benefits us in terms of segregating wastes in which to make the waste management

process more interesting for the end user and to encourage an environmental-friendly to use an

smart bin. Additionally, the functions are also stated in some studies that can help the garbages

disposal system perform realtime object recognition and categorization of the garbages easy, if it

is biodegradable, non- biodegradable, or recyclable in which will ended up to be a stage towards

source partition accordingly making a cleaner and better environment.

The materials that have been reviewed explained the important of people knowledge,

awareness, and concern on environment, hence the term solid waste management. Public and

private entities are being enforced to institutionalized best garbage segregation practices and

overcome the challenges accompanying the efforts. The present study supports these movements

in a way that addresses a small but significant trash of proper waste segregation through an

automatic segregation that at the same time hides garbages. This device that segregate and hides
 15

with the help of sensors fits with the need of the classroom and addresses. Students need to become

more aware with the importance of appropriate waste segregation and disposal practices.

References
Alabi O.A., Ologbonjaye K.I., Awosolu O., Alalade O.E. Public and environmental health effects
of plastic wastes disposal: a review. J. Toxicol Risk Assess. 2019;5(21):1–13. [Google
Scholar]

Ariel, Garbage Practices in Higher Education for Healthy Academic Environment (August
27,2021) Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3908627

Avila, Bryan R., et al. ”Implementation of PV-Solar Powered Bubble Barrier System for Solid
Waste Segregation in Canals,” IEEE Xplore,1 Dec.2022,
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10109568

Blancaflor, E. B., Neyra, J. M. M., Ramel, K. a. S., Tan, S. M. G., & Rey, W. P. (2022). A Design
of an E-Waste Collection Web Application to Motivate Waste Segregation & Collection
Practices. https://doi.org/10.1145/3568834.3568857

Debrah, J. K., Vidal, D. G., & Dinis, M. a. P. (2021). Raising Awareness on Solid Waste
Management through Formal Education for Sustainability: A Developing Countries
Evidence Review. Recycling, 6(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling6010006

Endaya, J. P., Mabitasan Jr., F., & Gonzales, J. C. M. (2020, October 3). Design and
Implementation of Automated Waste Segregator with Smart Compression. Lyceum of the
Philippines University- Laguna. https://lpulaguna.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/6.-
EndayaMabitasan-Gonzales-Waste-Segregator.pdf

Flores, M., & Tan Jr., J. (2019). Literature Review of Automated Waste Segregation System using
Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Analysis. International Journal of Simulation,
Systems, Science & Technology. https://ijssst.info/Vol-20/No-S2/paper15.pdf

Kulkarni, S. J. (2020). Studies, Efforts and Investigations on Various Aspects of Solid Waste
Management with Emphasis on Developing Countries. In IntechOpen eBooks.
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91942

Lopes, Snehal, and Sweedle Machano. “IoT Based Automatic Waste Segregator.” IEEE Xplore,
1 Dec. 2019, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9036782/

Lubongo, C., & Alexandridis, P. (2022). Assessment of Performance and Challenges in Use of
Commercial Automated Sorting Technology for Plastic Waste. Recycling, 7(2), 11.
https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling7020011
 16

Molina, R. A., & Catan, I. (2021). Solid Waste Management Awareness and Practices among
Senior High School Students in a State College in Zamboanga City, Philippines.
Aquademia, 5(1), ep21001. https://doi.org/10.21601/aquademia/9579

Nafiz, Md. S., Das, S. S., Morol, Md. K., Al Juabir, A., & Nandi, D. (2023, January 1).
ConvoWaste: An Automatic Waste Segregation Machine Using Deep Learning. IEEE
Xplore. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICREST57604.2023.10070078

Nnorom I.C., Odeyingbo O.A. Handbook of Electronic Waste Management. Elsevier; 2020.
Electronic waste management practices in Nigeria; pp. 323–354. [Google Scholar]

Pai, R. R., Bangera, P. J., Shaikh, M. M., Prajmal, P., & Shetty, R. (2021, November 14). Design
and development of an automatic dry waste segregator for household and institutional
wastes. Science Direct.
https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2214785321069959?token=2F4C599B98AEC
DD878339FC77FD0E6F3A9462FEF16DBB5E8B1CA57DB327161AFDC8AACCCEF0
C23A83C3C45F370E92FA7&originRegion=us-east-
1&originCreation=20220401055117

Pamintuan, M., Mantiquilla, S. M., Reyes, H., & Samonte, M. J. (2019, November 1). i-BIN: An
Intelligent Trash Bin for Automatic Waste Segregation and Monitoring System. IEEE
Xplore. https://doi.org/10.1109/HNICEM48295.2019.9072787

Ridha, M, et al. “Waste Collecting Point as the School of the Waste Management System.” IOP
Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 683, no. 1, 1 Mar. 2021,
p.012015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/683/1/012015

Sigongan, J.B., Sinodlay, H.P., Cuizon, S.X.P., Redondo, J.S., Macapulay, M.G., Bulahan-Undag,
C.O., & Gumonan, K. M. V. C. (2023). GULP: Solar-Powerd Smart Garbage Segregation
Bins with SMS Notification and Machine Learning Image Processing. arXiv (Cornell
University). https://doi.org/10.25147/ijcsr.2017.001.1.142

Tan, M., Fuentes, A., Ama, A., Ortaliz, N., & Juardo, J. (May 2020). Automated Waste
Segregation System using Trained Optical and Material Sensors with User Communication
Capabilities.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342747452_Automated_Waste_Segregation_Sy
stem_sing_Trained_Optical_and_Material_Sensors_with_User_Communication_Capabil
ities

Tong, Yeqing , et al. “China Is Implementing “Garbage Classification” Action.” Environmental

Pollution, vol. 259, Dec. 2019, p. 113707, .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113707

Yadav, S., C. P, M. G., Shanmugam, A., V, H., & Suresh, N. (2021, April 1). Waste Classification
and Segregation: Machine Learning and IOT Approach. IEEE Xplore.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEM51511.2021.9445289
 17

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology

The research methodology chapter outlines the researcher's chosen methods and sampling

techniques, as well as the instruments used to gain a better understanding of the study.

Method of Research

In this study, both quantitative and qualitative data will be gathered. Quantitative research

involves numerical data analysis, while qualitative research involves analyzing non-numerical data

through open-ended questionnaires.

Data Gathering Procedure

Upon distributing the survey questionnaire to the participants, the researchers will present

the device to the participants for demonstration and observation/assessment. They will explain to

them its functions and possible contributions in the community. The researcher will conduct the

study in the Jose Panganiban National High School under the TVL teachers in the field of

Computer System Servicing (ICT), Electrical Installation & Maintenance (EIM), and Electronic

Product Assembly & Servicing (EPAS).The researchers will give an explanation and instructions

to the participants.

Sampling Technique

Purposive sampling was used as the sampling technique in this study. Purposive sampling

involves selecting units based on specific characteristics needed for the sample. Units are selected
 18

"on purpose" in purposive sampling. The research participants of the study are those who can give

credible data in assessing the device.

Research Instruments

Survey research involves collecting information by asking questions to a group of people

and analyzing the results. In this study, printed survey questionnaires will be distributed to

participants from Jose Panganiban National High School. They are teachers of Computer System

Servicing (ICT), Electrical Installation & Maintenance (EIM), and Electronic Product Assembly

& Servicing (EPAS) fields. Four-point Likert scales, consisting of a statement or question followed

by a series of four or seven answers, were also used. Participants choose the option that best

corresponds to their rating about the statement or question. This method of information collection

is practical and allows for easier data analysis.

Statistical treatment of data

The data collected will be treated according to its content. A weighted mean will

be used to analyze the data gathered from the respondents. A weighted mean is a type of mean that

is calculated by multiplying each point by its corresponding weight summing up these products,

and dividing the total by the sum of the weights. The researchers will use the weighted mean to

analyze the data more effectively.

Additionally, the thematic approach will be used to analyze qualitative data from open-

ended questions. The researcher will closely examine the data to identify common themes, topics,

ideas, and patterns of meaning that arise repeatedly.

 19

Data Gathering Tool

Dear Respondents,

We are gathering data for our study entitled Hide-a-waste: Automatic Sorting Device that

Hides Garbage. We will present to you how our device works and you will answers very few

questions. Rest assured that the data to be collected will be taken for the purpose of this research

only. Thank you very much.

The Researchers:

Ramos et al.

1.Profile: Name: _________________________________

Age: ____

Sex: ____

Field of work: ________________________

Work station: _________________________

2.The device is built to automatically segregate and hide garbages. Please check your rating using

the scale:

4- STRONGLY AGREE

3- AGREE

2- DISAGREE

1- STRONGLY DISAGREE
 20

3. What are your idea/s about the device’s contribution in:

a) providing automatic sorting device for garbages using Arduino?

b) reducing human intervention in waste segregation?

c) providing for a proper segregation with minimal efforts?

d) c. maintaining a neat and tidy garbage corners?

 21

Device Description:

✓100% Fully automatic operated. Load capacity: 50kg.

✓High quality •heavy duty• portable. Height:4ft.

✓Standard materials used for convenient. Width:4ft.

✓Eco friendly Length: 4ft.

Weight:25kg.

Device Specifications:

Input voltage 220v-12v 5v

Rated input voltage 12v-60 watts

Output 5v-10 watts

Device Diagram:
 22

Device System Flow

The automated segregation process commences by detecting waste in the initial

compartment using an infrared (IR) sensor and a metal detector. The IR sensor is responsible for

identifying the presence of waste, triggering the separation procedure. Once waste is detected by

the IR sensor, the metal detector becomes active to verify if the waste contains any metallic

components.

When a metal object is near the metal sensor, the magnetic field induces current in the

object, leading to a modification in the electric field. If metal is detected, the contents of the first

compartment are directly transferred to the storage area, which encompasses separate bins for

metal waste, dry waste, and wet waste.

If the contents in the first compartment are determined to be non-metallic, they proceed to

the second compartment. Here, an IR sensor is utilized to confirm the presence of waste.

Depending on the output of the IR sensor, the moisture sensor is either activated or remains

inactive. When waste is detected in the second compartment, the moisture sensor comes into play

to determine if the contents should be classified as dry waste or wet waste. This determination is

based on changes in the dielectric constant, with a higher permittivity indicating the presence of

water content and categorizing the waste as wet waste. The contents are then directed to their

respective bins based on the decision made by the moisture sensor.

The storage area consists of a rotating table equipped with bins for dry waste, wet waste,

and metal waste. The rotation of the table is determined by the type of waste detected in the

preceding compartments, enabling the collection of the corresponding waste. Once the waste has

been collected, the rotating table returns to its default position. The programming of the bin
 23

placement for waste collection is based on a predetermined delay or the time required for the table

to complete its rotation.

Cost and Benefits Analysis

Proposed Cost
Materials Size Descriptions Estimated Quantity
Price
1. Acrylic Length:4 ft. Acrylic is a
Flat Width: 4 ft. transparent plastic ₱380.00 24 ft.
Board Height: 4 ft. material with
outstanding
strength, stiffness,
and optical clarity.
Acrylic sheet is easy
to fabricate, bonds
well with adhesives
and solvents, and is
easy to thermoform.
It has superior
weathering
properties compared
to many other
transparent plastics.
It covers the whole
dimension of the
device to protect the
components from
the effect of
environment.
2. Angle Bar 8mm Case of the device ₱300.00
and hold the over all per pcs. 4pcs.
appearance,
structure or shape of
the device. Angle
bars are used to
offer a strengthened
support to structures
that otherwise
would not be able to
endure the pressure
placed on them.
They are also used
to reinforce edges
 24

on surfaces to
prevent damage or
erosion due to
weathering. In the
simplest sense,
angle bars are used
to protect any edges
and corners that are
required to hold
their shape.
3. Arduino Low-cost, flexible,
Uno Length:68.6mm and easy-to-use ₱130.00 1pc.
Width:53.4mm programmable
Weight:25grams open-source
microcontroller
board that can be
integrated into a
variety of electronic
projects. This board
can be interfaced
with other Arduino
boards, Arduino
shields, Raspberry
Pi boards and can
control relays,
LEDs, servos, and
motors as an output.
It holds the data or
program to connect
those pereferal
components and
give smooth results.
4. Arduino The logic part of the Motor Driver is a
Driver input voltage: library for Arduino ₱170.00 1pc.
6 ~ 12V to handle motor
control using an H-
Driven part of the input bridge. It provides
voltage Vs: easy-to-use
4.8 ~ 46V functions for
controlling brushed
The logical part of the DC motors.
work current Iss: 36Ma

Drive part of the

operating current Io:
2A
 25

Maximum power
dissipation: 25W (T =
75 degree Celsius)

Control signal input

level:
High level: 2.3V = Vin
= Vss
Low:-0.3V = Vin =
1.5V
5. Caster A non-powered
Wheels 4.5 inch wheel that is ₱ 60.00 4 pcs.
designed to be fitted
to the bottom of a
bigger object and
used to move it.
Caster wheels are
used in shopping
carts, office chairs,
medical beds, and
material handling
equipment.
6. Double These 4-Pin JST XH
Ended Pitch: 2.5 mm Female Connector
JST XH Length: 20cm Double Ended are ₱150.00
Female Wire: 26AWG dis-connectable 8pcs.
Connector crimp-style
connectors. With
20cm long 2-wire
cables and has a JST
XH type receptacle
connector at the end
. The 2.5 mm pin
spacing is close to
the standard 0.1 grid
spacing on many
perfboards.

7. Dupon Jumper wires are

jumper Length:10CM 20CM simply wires that
wire (40 30CM have connector pins ₱ 49.00
pin cable) at each end, 2 pcs.
allowing them to be
used to connect two
points to each other
 26

without soldering.
Jumper wires are
typically used with
breadboards and
other prototyping
tools in order to
make it easy to
change a circuit as
needed. Fairly
simple. In fact, it
doesn’t get much
more basic than
jumper wires.
Though jumper
wires come in a
variety of colors, the
colors don’t actually
mean anything. This
means that a red
jumper wire is
technically the same
as a black one. But
the colors can be
used to your
advantage in order
to differentiate
between types of
connections, such as
ground or power.
Detect magnetic
8. Inductive Diameter: 12mm loss due to eddy ₱ 305.00 1pc.
proximity currents that are
metal generated on a
detection conductive surface
sensor by an external
magnetic field. An
AC magnetic field is
generated on the
detection coil, and
changes in the
impedance due to
eddy currents
generated on a
metallic object are
detected.
 27

Can detect metal

targets approaching
the sensor, without
physical contact
with the target.
Inductive Proximity
Sensors are roughly
classified into the
following three
types according to
the operating
principle: the high-
frequency
oscillation type
using
electromagnetic
induction, the
magnetic type using
a magnet, and the
capacitance type
using the change in
capacitance.
9. Heat Sink Heat sinks are
indispensable ₱ 175.00
components for 1 pc.
effective heat
management of a
wide variety of
machines and
devices, including
electronic devices,
terminals, and
systems. Knowing
heat sinks can lead
you to the
achievement of
efficient heat
removal so that you
can keep your
device cool and run
properly.
A liquid-crystal
10. LCD Module dimension: display, commonly
Module 80mm x 35mm x known as an LCD, ₱ 120.00
Interface 11mm. Viewing area is an electronic 2pcs.
device used to
 28

5v for size: 64.5mm x 16mm display data or

Arduino Features IIC/I2C : information on a
digital screen. An
LCD has become a
ubiquitous feature in
modern-day life,
present in many
household
appliances such as
computers,
televisions, mobile
phones, and other
electronic gadgets.
The process of
designing an LCD
interface is complex
and requires the
integration of
several components.
In this article, we
will discuss the
LCD Interface
Circuit Diagram
using the EDE702
IC.
11. Plastic It carry the garbage
drum 6L threw. Usually ₱ 290.00 3 pcs.
container made of HDPE per pcs.
(high-density
polyethylene),
which is resistant to
both high and low
pH contents, they
are ideal for storing
and transporting
hazardous and non-
hazardous liquid
materials. The thick
walls of a plastic
drum mean they are
usually leak-proof.
12. Plug 4cm Device that making
an electrical ₱30.00 1pc.
connections
especially between
an appliance and a
 29

power supply,
consisting of an
insulated chasing
with metal pins that
fit into holes in an
outlet
13. Power - Output Interface : Is an electrical
Supply 5.5mm*2.1mm~2.5mm device that offers ₱1,000.00 1pc.
(DC) - Input : AC220V electric power to an
- Output : DC12V 5A electrical load such
- Power Cord Length : as laptop computer,
1 Meter server, or other
electronic devices.
The main function
of a power supply is
to convert electric
current from a
source to the correct
voltage, current, and
frequency to power
the load. It could be
AC to DC or DC to
DC. Consequently,
power supplies are
sometimes regarded
as electric power
converters.
14. Sata Serial Advanced
Cable Technology ₱ 120.00 1pc.
Attachment (SATA)
or Serial ATA
cables are used to
connect devices in
computer cable
assemblies, such as
storage devices, for
example. The
SATA technology
itself is a connecter
interface primarily
used for computer
bus connections in
storage applications.
In this application,
the cables are used
to connect a mass
 30

storage device (e.g.

hard disk drives,
optical drives, solid-
state memory
drives) to a host bus
adapter such as a
motherboard.
15. Servo 5.High Speed Servo A servo motor is a
Motor Standard Size: 1.57 x self-contained ₱ 2,429.00 1pc.
0.78 x 1.57 inch(40 x electrical device that
20 x 40 mm); moves parts of a
Weight:2.7oz (79g) machine with high
efficiency and great
precision. In simpler
terms, a servo motor
is a BLDC motor
with a sensor for
positional feedback.
This allows the
output shaft to be
moved to a
particular angle,
position, and
velocity that a
regular motor
cannot do.
However, a servo
motor is only one
part of a closed-loop
motion control
system. A complete
motion system
includes an
amplifier, control
circuit, drive gears,
potentiometer,
shaft, and either an
encoder or resolver
as well as the servo
motor.
 31

16. Soil Dimension of the Used to detect the

Moisture board: 3.2cm * 1.4cm moisture of the soil. ₱ 279.00 1pc.
Sensor Module size: 60 * It measures the
Module 20mm volumetric content
of water inside the
soil and gives us the
moisture level as
output. The module
has both digital and
analog outputs and a
potentiometer to
adjust the threshold
level. The moisture
sensor consists of
two probes that are
used to detect the
moisture of the soil.
The moisture sensor
probes are coated
with immersion
gold that protects
Nickel from
oxidation. These
two probes are used
to pass the current
through the soil and
then the sensor
reads the resistance
to get the moisture
values.
17. Stepper Type of digital
Motor input-output device ₱290.00
for precision 1 pc.
starting and
stopping. They’re
constructed so that
the current passing
through it hits a
series of coils
arranged in phases,
which can be
powered on and off
in quick sequence.
This allows the
motor to turn
through a fraction of
 32

a rotation at a time –
and these individual
predetermined
phases as what we
refer to as ‘steps’.
Designed to break
up a single full
rotation into a
number of much
smaller (and
essentially equal)
part rotations. For
practical purposes,
these can be used to
instruct the stepper
motor to move
through set degrees
or angles of rotation.
The end result is that
a stepper motor can
be used to transfer
minutely accurate
movements to
mechanical parts
that require a high
degree of precision.
18. Ultrasonic Length:45mm Determine the
sensor Width:20.5mm distance of an object ₱ 250.00 1pc.
distance just like the bats do.
module It offers excellent
HC SR04 non-contact range
Arduino detection with high
accuracy and stable
readings in an easy-
to-use package from
2 cm to 400 cm or 1”
to 13 feet. The
operation is not
affected by sunlight
or black material,
although
acoustically, soft
materials like cloth
can be difficult to
detect. It comes
complete with
 33

ultrasonic
transmitter and
receiver module.
USB Cable for
19. USB Length: 50cm Arduino ₱ 150.00 1pc.
cable UNO/MEGA can be
Arduino used to power and
Uno R3 program your
favorite Arduino
board. They are
detachable for the
board.

TOTAL AMOUNT: ₱ 10, 696.00

Schedule of Activities

1. Brainstorming. Gathering ideas from other members related studies.

2. Chapter 1. Doing the introduction, statement of the problem, scope and delimitation, and

definition of terms.

3. Chapter 2. Doing the review of related literature and studies and synthesis of state of art.

4. Chapter 3. Designing the program. Doing research design and methodology, device description,

cost analysis, and data gathering things demonstration.

5. Chapter 4. Counting responses, interpreting the data, working on graphs and tables for data

presentation.

6. Chapter 5. Working summaries of results and conclusion.

7.Designing the device.

8. Completing the device.

 34

9. Test the program. Testing the program.

10. Implement. Put into action.

Activities Task Must follows Duration (weeks)

1. Brainstorming A NONE 1

2. Perform Chapter 1 B A 1

3. Perform Chapter 2 C B 1

4. Perform Chapter 3 D C 1

5. Perform Chapter 4 E D 1

6. Perform Chapter 5 F E 1

7. Designing the device G F 2

8. Completing the device H G 2

9. Test the program I H 1

10. Implement J I

Table 2. Schedule of Activities

References

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www.scribbr.com/methodology/thematic-analysis/.

Caster Wheels: types, applications, benefits, and manufacturing. (n.d.).

https://www.iqsdirectory.com/artic les/caster/caster-wheels.html

Curbell Plastics, Inc. (2024, January 23). Acrylic plastic | Compare Plastics & View Acrylic
material properties | Curbell Plastics.Curbell Plastics.
https://www.curbellplastics.com/materials/plastics/acrylic/
 35

DesignSpark. (2021, June 24). http s://www.rs-online.com/designspar k/what-is-arduino-uno-a-

getting-started-
guide#:~:text=Arduino%20UNO%20is%20a%20low,and%20motors%20as%20an%20o
utput

Hemmings, M. (n.d.). What is a Jumper Wire? https://blog.sparkfun education.com/what-is-

jumper-wire

L298 Motor Driver - Arduino reference. (n.d.). https://www.ardui

no.cc/reference/en/libraries/1298-m otor-driver/
Makerlab Electronics. (n.d.). 4-PiNJST XH Female Connector Double ended - Pack of 10.
https://www.ma kerlab-electronics.com/products/4- pin-jst-xh-female-connector-doubl e-
ended-pack-of-11

Mark. (2022, May 27). The different types of drums and their benefits. ITP Packaging.
https://itppackaging.com/the-different-types-of-drums-and-
theirbenefits#:~:text=PLASTIC%20DRUMS&text=Usually%20made%20of%20HDPE
%20(high,they%20are%20usually%20leak%2Dproof

McCombes, Shona. “Descriptive Research Design | Definition, Methods and Examples.” Scribbr,
15 May 2019, www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/.

Nikolopoulou, Kassiani. “What Is Purposive Sampling? | Definition & Examples.” Scribbr, 2022,
www.scribbr.com/methodology/purposivesampling/#:~:text=Purposive%20sampling%20
refers%20to%20a.

Soil moisture sensor module. (n.d.). Components101 https://components101.com/modules/soil-

moisture-sensor-module

Taylor, Sebastian. “Weighted Mean.” Corporate Finance Institute, 4 Dec. 2022,

https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/data-science/weighted-mean/.

Tronicspro. (2023, August 13). LCD Interface Circuit Diagram. TRONICSpro.

https://tronicspro.com/lcd-interface-circuit-diagram/#google_vignette

USB cable for Arduino UNO and MEGA. (n.d.). https://www.circuituncle.com/product/usb-cable-

for-ar duino-uno-mega/

W, A. (2023, December 11). What is an Angle Bar? About Mechanics.

https://www.aboutmechanics.com/w hat-is-an-angle-bar.htm
 36

What is a Servo Motor? | Lin Engineering. (n.d.). https://www.linengineering.com/what-is-a-

servo?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiAmNeqBhD4ARISADsYfTcxJ4aEHRHkjtVTLjf
RXhNC19X_BZfCHSRMpTZjxVA4GON84ITONV8aAo9vEALw_wcB