ES 115
Design, Innovation and prototyping
4 Project brief + Intro to manufacturing
Manasi Kanetkar
September 2024
PART 1: Project Brief
Making a questionnaire
Cover the following
- User details (name, age, gender, education as applicable)
- Questions about frequency of task, time taken
- Level of human skill and engagement
- Products and tools used in current scenario
Note: Think of a way to get and record relevant information
Pointers: Task Analysis
- Breakdown of task into important stages (remember paper clip?)
- Note specifics of environment (where, when is the device needed)
- Specific habits / techniques used by skilled users
- Document the task (how to keep a record)
Examples: Task of dicing onions
Chose the stages (subtasks) and observe issues for each stage
Pointers: Desk research + Expert advice
- Existing products in the market for the task
- Product reviews ?
- Articles / research on the subject
- Any other content that supports the argument
Template for project statement
“To design tool/ device to ______ (task/ action) for ______(users)”
*Add the context, use appropriate adjectives, adverbs as required
Examples of project statement
1. To design a portable tool or device to keep and carry medicines for
medical staff in remote areas
2. To design a tool or device that can carry specs and be compact when
they are not used; for travelers.
3. To design a tool or a device to keep bees in apiculture for farmers.
*The students started brainstorming with the task of ‘moving/ carrying’
Examples of project statement
4. To design a tool or a device for the postman which will contain
parcels of different sizes and shapes.
5. To design a tool or a device to carry hot mess food to the hostel
room for hostel students.
*The students started brainstorming with the task of ‘moving/ carrying’
Start investigating >> Defining
1. Purpose (Why)
2. Target user group (Who)
3. Context (When and Where)
4. Project brief as the conclusion of above
Example 1
Project Brief
Need Statement:
To design a tool/device to carry basketballs to and fro the basketball court and hostel area
for players. (~distance: 500m)
Design Opportunities:
1. The device should easily carry 25-30 balls, without any falling off.
2. It should be lightweight yet sturdy.
3. It should have wheels with good shock absorption qualities.
4. The device should be easy to turn.
5. It should be able to catalog various sizes of balls for ease of players.
Submitted by: Group 4, Needles and Threads
*Note: The physical aspects are still not resolved, we want it that way!
Supporting Data (in gist)
Target Group:
Students and PE facilitators at IITGN
Sizes of Balls (circumference):
Basketball Size 7 29.5 inches Volleyballs 22.6 - 26.5 inches
Football Size 5 27-28 inches. Medicine balls 27 inches.
Other Uses:
Organizing and Cataloging balls from multiple sports
Compartments and their Positions:
1. Multiple compartments for balls of various sizes for organization; ease of unloading
2. The compartments should be vertically oriented
*Note: Students quantified the distances and sizes of balls.
They also made a video demonstrating all the problems faced
while carrying the existing trolley
Example 2
*The following slides are presented as they were submitted
ES201: Introduction to Design and Innovation
Fall 2022
Project Brief
Team “Design Redesigned”
Note: Student names have been removed
Need Statement
To design a compact device to carry specs
to make it convenient for users.
User Group
● Students
● Employees
● Elderly people
● Reading-specs users
● Farmers
- All spectacle users with a specific need such as
travelling
- Or a specific age group e.g. children under 10 / the
elderly
Environment
● Travelling
● Rainy-weather
● Sports
● Crowd (markets)
- Choose 1
● While sleeping. - Or combine those which make sense together e.g.
travelling + market places
Design Opportunities
● Make cases with better grip.
● We can hang the case (say, on pants/ bags).
● Easy to open; can be opened using only one hand.
● Space for specs cleaning liquid.
- Prioritize
● Case is foldable when empty.
- Keep it crisp
- Use good vocabulary
Major Takeaway (from data collection and analysis)
● Difficulties with the current model of specs case:
○ No provision to carry lens cleaner.
○ Insufficient space to keep the cleaning cloth.
○ Not compact enough .
● Coveted Features:
○ Adjustable Size.
○ Provision to accommodate cleaning cloth and lens cleaner. Repetition
● Comfort and Aesthetics: Why combine?
○ Fit to pockets.
○ Aesthetically appealing.
Prioritize
Keep it clear
Use good vocabulary
Example 3
"To design a tool that assists amateur cooks in breaking
eggs,
having a neat crack and without creating a mess"
Original statement : To design a tool that assists in breaking eggs neatly
and creates no mess for amateur cooks
Example 4 : USER STUDY
Theme : Serving (food)
Project statement :
To design a device to serve food to
toddlers
Design opportunities
- Interaction between the toddlers and
their caregivers
- Avoid dependency on the mobile
phones
Expert advice
- Integrate storytelling/ play
Theme : Serving (food)
Example 4 : Defining brief
'Protecting' finger while
using the sewing machine
'Protecting' finger while
using the sewing machine
Submission : Project brief / value proposition
1. Project statement
2. Details about the following
- Profile of the target user (age/ gender /skill level etc.)
- Environment/ context in which the proposed product is to be used
- Design opportunities
3. Major understanding from data collection and task analysis (as a
supporting document)
*No solutions to be proposed (only opportunities of improvement)
Breather...
Important announcements
• Next class 18th September (Wednesday): Human Factors
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• Project brief / value proposition
22nd September
• Techno-aesthetic detailing
Plan the activities well, last minute job will not work for both.
Complete the data collection for project brief by 16th.
Feedback on statements will be provided ASAP.
PART 2: Introduction to manufacturing
Processing as value addition
Processing as value addition
Value
Addition
Raw
Material
Processes
Stages of manufacturing
Classification of manufacturing processes
https://techqualitypedia.com/manufacturing-processes-types/#google_vignette
Boring?
Let us make it very simple
Rocket science/ household kitchen??
Still from a Hindi motion picture Mission Mangal (2019)
Stages of manufacturing
Aspects of manufacturing
Common manufacturing processes
- Fabrication (bending /punching) : Sheet metal / pipes
- Heat treatments : Metals, glass
- Molding / Casting : Plastics, metals, ceramics
- Forming (extrusion, drawing) : metals, few plastics
- Joinery – fasteners, welding, fusing, adhesives, stitching
Many other natural materials and specially designed materials will require specialized
manufacturing processes
Important resource: https://www.manufacturingguide.com/en/search/process
Fabrication
Fabrication
Heat treatment : Rapid cooling
Heat treatment: Tampering
Heat treatment: Glass transition
Extrusion
Extrusion
Die casting / moulding
Die casting / moulding
Important resource: https://www.bpf.co.uk/plastipedia/processes/Default.aspx
Rotational moulding (roto-molding)
Rotational moulding (roto-molding)
Glazing
Finishing treatments
To summarize: manufacturing means
PLAN
PROCURE
----
PRPARE the raw materials, set the machines
SHAPE the parts
FINISH
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ASSEMBLE
STORE
ES 115
Design, Innovation and prototyping
4 Project brief
Next class … ‘Human factors’ (18th September)
