Common Core Test #1 Study Guide

Links to topics
SSOPP
Engineering Standards
Engineering Department Organization
CO/Cheng Approval
Engineering POA&M
Physical Security
Engineering Department Reports and Orders
Bearing Records
Departmental Training and PQS
EOSS
Piping, Fittings, and Valve Maintenance
Environmental Protection
Heat Stress
Hearing Conservation
Electrical Fundamentals and Safety
CASREPS
Distance Support
General Plant Safety
FOQM

SSOPP
References:
1. Engineering Department Organization and Regulations Manual (EDORM), (CNSP-
CNSLINST) 3540.3 (series)
2. Watchstander's Guide, Commander, Naval Surface Forces Instruction
(COMNAVSURFORINST) 3500.5 (series)
3. Significant Event Near-Miss Reporting, Commander, Naval Surface Force Atlantic
(CNSL) Instruction 3040.1 (series)
4. Operational Risk Management, Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) Instruction 3500.39
(series)

Sound Shipboard Operating Principles and Processes (SSOPP) are instrumental in successfully
operating ships. They are critical, apply to every mission area, and characterize the culture of
how a ship conducts sustained operations from in port to combat.

Primary Task of the Engineering Department: is to maintain and operate the engineering plant in
a consistently high state of readiness in order to support the ship’s primary mission as an
instrument of national policy.
Core Principles: SOFF PIQL
1. Procedural Compliance:
2. Questioning Attitude:
3. Forceful Backup:
4. Formality:
5. Level of Knowledge:
6. Integrity:
7. Ownership:
8. Self-Sufficiency:
Supporting Processes:
1. Operational Risk Management:
2. Supervisory Control:
3. Plan, Brief, Execute, Debrief (PBED)/Plan, Practice, Perform, Progress, Promulgate (P5):
4. Critique and lessons learned reporting:

Watchstanding Philosophy and Awareness:

1. Formality of Watchstanding: should present a professional, military appearance. Should
be physically capable of standing the watch, or notify the CoC of a needed relief. Use
PPE as needed.
2. Watch turnover: Inspect watch station and designated spaces, review logs and
watchstanders, OOC equipment, maintenance in progress/planned, equipment trends
(abnormal especially). Watch relief should only occur when conditions are stable.
3. Watchstanding and watch station responsibilities
a. Pre-watch tour: all spaces associated with the watch station. Should include:
i. Material condition
ii. Operating equipment
iii. System lineups
iv. OOC equipment
v. Danger and caution tagged items.
vi. Heat stress conditions.
vii. Maintenance and/or evolutions planned or in progress.
viii. Watchstander interview.
b. Pre-watch log review: review all logs for last 24hrs, or since last watch (shortest)
c. Monitoring operating machinery
d. Log keeping - review all applicable logs for clarity and formality or current
operating conditions. Black ball point pen only. (Rewriting of logs not
authorized).
e. OOS or abnormal or noticeable trends: track and fix as needed. To operate
equipment CO’s permission is needed.
f. Alarms and warning lights: track properly and fix.
 g.
Placing alarms in cutout: only allowed by CO approval (except PMS)
h.
Casualty control: know immediate and controlling actions. .
i.
Watchbills and authorized modifications
j.
Special evolutions and evolution briefings
k.
3M/PMS
l.
Barriers to procedural compliance: approved procedure does not exist/does not
work/outdated.
m. Cleanliness, preservation, and stowage
n. 8 O’clocks ad night orders
o. Hearing conservation/Heat stress
p. Bypassing safety devices and/or interlocks
q. Tag-outs
r. Instrument Log
s. Work Authorization Forms (WAF)
t. TSO/LOP
4. Crew Endurance and Fatigue management
a. Circadian rhythm, build a daily routine, focus on maintaining alert watchstanders.

Engineering Standards
References:
1. EDORM
2. NSTM 541, Ship Fuel and Fuel Systems, S9086SN-STM-010
3. NSTM 221, Boilers, S9086-GY-STM-010
4. General Gas Turbine Technical Directives, Naval Ship Systems 9234
5. NSTM 233, Diesel Engines, S9086-HB-STM010
6. NSTM 231, Propulsion and SSTG Steam Turbines, S9086-G9-STM-010
7. NSTM 503, Pumps, S9086-RH-STM-010
8. NSTM 505, Piping Systems, S9086-RK-STM010
9. NSTM 555, Volume 1, Surface Ship Firefighting, S9086-S3-STM-010
10. NSTM 600, Volume 2, Non Structural Closures, S9086-UF-STM-020
11. NAVSEA Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment (TMDE) and Calibrations
Programs, Naval Sea Systems Command Instruction (NAVSEAINST) 4734.1 (series)
12. Joint Fleet Maintenance Manual (JFMM), Commander, United States Fleet Forces
Command Instruction (COMUSFLTFORCOMINST) 4790.3 (series)
13. Technical Directive, Piping Devices, Flexible Hose Assemblies, S6430-AE-TED-010

Fuel - NSTM 541. IAW EDORM, fuel leaks are not to be tolerated. Immediately correct F/O
leaks. Remove flammable liquids from bilges ASAP.

Boilers - NSTM 221. Tolerable leaks defined:

- Safety shutoff device oil valves and ball valves - 80 drops/min
- F/O manifold root valves - zero leakage
Oil Leak Classifications
- Weepage = visible sheen
- Seepage = 1-5 drops in 5 minutes
- Leakage = 6-10 drops in 5 minutes
- Running leakage = >10 drops in 5 minutes

Gas turbines - GGTB No. 17. In the event of:

- Leakage or running leakage - secure engine immediately
- Seepage - check module every 5 minutes, secure at earliest opportunity
- Weepage - wipe fittings after next shutdown.

Diesel Engines - NSTM 233. For:

- Open systems: seepage acceptable in operation (no pooling). Weepage at injector pump
is acceptable and around shifting lever shafts and duplex filters.
- Closed systems: no leaks.

L/O is considered combustible. Not allowed to pool or collect in machinery or bilges.

L/O seals - NSTM 503. Replace new seals when: leak exceeds 5 drops per min. Replace in
service seals when: seal is removed, leakage rate approaches steady stream, leakage results in
spray, causes safety hazard.
Spray/flange shields - NSTM 505. For all flammable/combustible systems >20 psi. Do not paint,
inspect annually.

Steam engines - NSTM 231. No L/O leakage.

Damage control - NSTM 555. Good engineering practices with the following equipment:
- Portable CO2: Pull pin in place, hose and nozzle secured, stenciled/labeled, tag with
date of PMS, hydrostatic test date w/in 12 years.
- Portable PKP: same as CO2
- Halon/HFP: pressure switch in proper position, time delay override shut and sealed,
CO2 activation cylinder must have safety pin and tamper seal, tag w/ PMS periodicity.

Balanced Joiner Door - NSTM 600: separates areas of differential pressure. Closing speed
range 6-8 sec. Must be >= 5 seconds and <= 10 seconds. Maximum clearance between frame
and gasket is 1/16”

Track safety settings

Relief valve testing - NSTM 505. IAW PMS if available. If no PMS:

- Handlift relief valves at 2 year intervals, except for fuel systems and refrigerant.
- Pressure lift relief valves at 2 year intervals, except for refrigerant systems.
- Check relief valve set points at 5 year intervals.
Calibration - NAVSEAINSST 4734.1 and JFMM. Calibration Requirements List (CRL) is
technical authority for shipboard installed instrumentation. Determines critical/non-critical.
Critical - minimizes hazards to personnel or mission essential equipment.

Flex hoses - Technical Directive.

- Critical - 12 years (mission essential, failure impacts systems related to safety,
hazardous fluid/pressure, beyond ship’s repair capability).
- Non-critical - replace when fails
- Any hose subjected to vacuum service and immersed in bilge water has life of 6 years.
- Critical hose extension program extends critical hose life to 20 years.

Engineering Departmental Organization

References:
1. EDORM (page )

Commanding Officer (CO): The CO is assigned by the Chief of Naval Personnel (CNP) and is
responsible for the safe and proper supervision, operation, and maintenance of the engineering
plant.

Executive Officer (XO): actively participates in evolutions and inspections to determine training
effectiveness and readiness of the Engineering Department. The XO is the Integrated Training
Team (ITT) leader and the Damage Control Training Team (DCTT) leader.

Engineering Officer: The duties and responsibilities are as follows:

- Serve as Damage Control Officer (DCO)
- Designate appropriate casualty power configuration.
- Serve as Plant Control Officer (PCO).
- Ensure that the organization, training, and qualification of the ETT and DCTT are current
and effective.
- Act as the final PQS qualifying authority for all engineering watchstanders except
EOOW.
- Be responsible for the performance of all evolutions, assessments, and repair work in
the Engineering Department.
- Inspect the following before and during closure:
- Main, auxiliary, and waste heat boilers.
- Main and generator reduction gears.
- Main Reduction Gear (MRG) Lube Oil (L/O) sump and access covers.
- Main and auxiliary condensers.
- Main engine and ship’s service generator L/O sumps.
- Lower and upper diesel engine sumps
- Main engine internals.
- Clean side of Gas Turbine (GT) intake/inlet plenums.
- All Gas Turbine Modules (GTM) after depot level maintenance.
 - All tanks and voids.
- Controllable Reversible Pitch (CRP) propeller oil sumps.
- Line shaft bearing sumps and access covers.
- Strut and waterborne bearings.
- Rudder stock bearings.
- Supervise the departmental training program.
- Review and approve all departmental monthly training plans and WTRP.
- Operate ship's equipment in a fuel-efficient manner.
- Prevent unauthorized discharge of pollutants to the air or sea. Verify valve line up prior
to fueling and defueling operations.
- Develop an agreement with the SUPPO and an inventory and accountability procedure
for spare parts, supplies, and controlled equipage within Engineering Department
workspaces.
- Develop the following items for approval by the CO:
- Local procedures necessary to supplement EOSS.
- A ship specific EDORM.
- EO’s standing orders.
- Restricted Maneuvering Doctrine (RMD).
- Special operating orders or Temporary Standing Order (TSO).
- Review, sign, and date engineering logs, department logs, operating logs, and records.
- While inport, this is performed Monday through Friday (daily) and the first
workday following a weekend or holiday.
- While underway, this is performed daily.
- Review and ensure the accurate and updated status of the engineering material
condition of systems and equipment is in the 8 o’clock reports.

Principal Assistants (PA):

- PAs include:
- MPA.
- DCA.
- AUXO.
- ELECTRO.

Main Propulsion Assistant (MPA):

- Serve as PCO in the absence of the EO.
- Satisfy the required critical schools requirements as specified by TYCOM instruction and
higher directives.
- Be responsible for the following:
- Proper care, stowage, and use of Fuel Oils (F/O) and L/Os.
- The operation, maintenance, and security of the F/O and L/O systems.
- The keeping of F/O and L/O records.
- The daily submission of a fuel and water report and monthly Navy Energy Usage
Reporting System (NEURS) report to the CO via the EO.
- Supervise the preparation and care of the engineering log and the engineer's bell book.
 - The MPA, or designated representative, must inspect them daily to ensure accuracy and
that they are properly maintained.

Damage Control Assistant (DCA):

- Limit the impact of and control battle damage, including control of stability, list, and trim.
- Supervise placing the ship in the material readiness condition of closure ordered by the
CO and ensure that assigned closure classifications are highly visible.
- Prepare and maintain bills for the control of damage, stability, CBR defense readiness,
casualty power, and main space fire doctrine.
- Ensure compartment check-off lists are kept current and properly posted by respective
DIVO.
- Review hull, zone, and other inspections and assessments that list deficiencies affecting
the material condition of the ship. Initiate corrective action.
- Administer overall Damage Control PQS programs. The DCA must:
- Keep a current file of instructions related to the DC PQS program, standards, and
qualification requirements. And advise the CoC.
- Provide training for and supervise the qualification of all personnel who qualify
others in Damage Control PQS.
- Provide training for and supervise the qualification of Gas Free Engineering Petty
Officers (GFEPO), Fire Marshals, and members of all emergency parties.
- Provide training for and supervise the qualification of Damage Control Petty
Officers (DCPO) and Damage Control maintenance personnel.
- Ensure ship’s welders’ qualifications remain current and proficiencies are
maintained as required by their trade.
- Conduct DCTT training per the XO’s guidance.
- Supervise ballasting and de-ballasting of the ship in coordination with the EO, EOOW,
and ship's Oil and Water King.
- Submit a schedule of all-hands Damage Control and CBR training requirements,
including battle problems, major conflagration, and/or Total Ship Survivability Exercises
(TSSE), to the planning board for training.
- Serve as the ship’s Gas Free Engineer (GFE) unless otherwise designated by the CO.
- Implement and tailor the TYCOM issued repair party manual.
- Supervise the initial qualification and proficiency training for respective divisional watch
stations.
- Prepare and maintain the ship’s Damage Control closure log.
- Conduct daily review of the log to ensure the accuracy and adequacy of all entries
affecting the prescribed material condition of readiness.
- Review and initial all tag-out record sheets relating to the isolation of major installed
Damage Control equipment, unless it is incidental to preventive maintenance for a GTM.

Auxiliaries Officer (AUXO):

- Be responsible for the ship’s boats and auxiliary machinery and equipment.
- Supervise the initial qualification and proficiency training for respective divisional watch
stations.
 - Be responsible for the maintenance of the refrigerant usage log for all AC&R systems.

Electrical Officer (ELECTRO):

- Act as the Electrical Safety Officer, reporting to the ship's Safety Officer via the EO for
matters concerning electrical safety. .
- Ensure electrical deficiencies are promptly corrected.
- Review the results of material, zone, and other inspections that list electrical safety
discrepancies. Initiate action and verification to ensure corrections are completed.
- Supervise the initial qualification and proficiency training for divisional watch stations.
- Supervise the training and qualifications of Tool Issue Custodians.
- Be responsible for the casualty power bill and associated shipboard casualty power
training.

Other Assistants to the EO: ACE, Oil and Water King/Queens, Departmental Training officer,
Training Team Leader, Fire martial, Program Managers, Technical Library Custodian, Log
Room Yeoman, DLCPO.

Assistant Chief Engineer (ACE):

- Maintain supervisory oversight of engineering programs.

- Ensure proper watchstander training is being conducted on programs to include
record keeping requirements.
- Serve as PCO in the absence of the EO and in lieu of a qualified MPA.
- Provide supervisory oversight, along with the MPA, in the daily routine and operational
proficiency of the oil lab.
- Monitor the overall cleanliness and preservation of all engineering spaces.
- Provide supervisory oversight on the Technical Librarian.
- Act as the EO executive agent in enforcing standards both in maintenance and operations.
- Lead training on the deck plates to ensure the spaces are safe and personnel are
not only using proper procedures but understand them.
- Act as the Departmental Training Officer when necessary.
- Serve as a central point of contact and manage departmental records, software,
and associated training materials.
- This includes departmental training, divisional training, Damage Control
training, ETT training, and DCTT training.
- Maintain the engineering training program.

Oil and Water King/Queens:

- Report to the EO, via the MPA for administrative matters, and via the EOOW/EDO for
operational matters.
- Act as primary operator, tester, and record keeper for all actions involving:
 - F-76 and F-44 fuels.
- Main, auxiliary, and waste heat boilers.
- Feed, condensate, and fresh water.
- Supervise the preparation of the daily fuel, oil, and water report.
- Maintain fuel tank levels as directed by the EOOW/EDO and DCA.
- Coordinate all refueling and fuel transfer evolutions throughout the ship.
- Maintain and operate the fuel transfer and stripping and aviation fuel systems.
- Be informed of boiler light-off schedules to permit proper boiler water testing and
treatment.
- Promptly report significant evolutions pertaining to fresh and feed water to the
EOOW/EDO.
- Conduct required training on oil spill response, containment, and clean-up procedures as
per PQS qualification.

Fire Marshal:
- Assist the EO and DCA in the training of personnel and the prevention and fighting of
fires.
- Make daily inspections of the ship.
- Prepare, route, and follow-up on reports of identified fire hazards and their correction.
- Conduct training for the ship’s fire teams, rescue and assistance teams, inport
emergency teams, and divisional DCPOs stressing fire hazard consciousness.

DLCPO/Top Snipe:
- Serve as PCO when designated by the CO, in the absence of the EO or MPA.
- Assist the EO in all matters pertaining to the welfare, health, job satisfaction, morale
utilization, and training of the engineering enlisted personnel.
- Review the RADM computer database periodically to ensure:
- Departmental personnel are entered correctly by duty section, division, and work
center.
- Departmental personnel are assigned a watchstander PQS and a PQS for either
DC or 3M.
- Social rosters and recall bills remain current.
- Ensure formal Engineering Departmental training is scheduled a minimum of twice per
week and senior personnel are assigned to conduct the training. Ensure well-developed
training and PQS programs exist.
- Supervise the development or management of the WTRPs for divisional responsibilities,
inport duty sections, and underway watch organization.
- Assist in the implementation and management of all departmental programs and provide
guidance to the PMs utilizing current ASA checksheets.
- Prepare all Engineering Department watchbills in preparation for underway and while the
ship is underway.
- Conduct a safety walk-through of all engineering spaces weekly.
Engineering Officer Of the Watch (EOOW):
- Ensure that all orders received from the Officer Of the Deck (OOD) are promptly
acknowledged and executed.
- Obtain permission from the OOD before any of the following:
- Reconfiguring the electrical plant.
- Pumping bilges.
- Changing the configuration of the steering gear (GT and Diesel).
- Starting and stopping generators (GT and Diesel).
- Prior to rotating shafts (GT and Diesel).
- Starting and stopping main engines (Diesel and Steam) or GTs (GT).
- Performing Waste Heat Boiler (WHB) separator blowdown/soot blow of boilers
(GT).
- Stopping main engines or steering gear until the ship is reported properly
secured (Steam).
- Blowing tubes (Steam).
- Lighting and securing boilers (Steam).
- Performing surface blowing of steam boilers (Steam).
- Report to the OOD (CSOOW and TAO as required) any casualty or disabling of any
machinery that affects available propulsion, electrical power, ship control, or habitability
of the ship.
- Notify the EO at earliest opportunity once controlling and/or immediate actions have
been accomplished.
- Keep informed of the power requirements for present and future operations and
determine how the engineering plant will effectively meet these requirements.
- Advise the OOD and the EO when modification of the plant configuration is considered
appropriate.
- Correct hazardous conditions in the engineering plant and report actions to the OOD and
EO.
- Ensure that all engineering watches are alert and use all available time to train without
impeding normal duties of the watchstanders.
- Ensure all equipment operating logs are properly maintained and exercise watch officer
overview of programs.
- Ensure that the tag-out log is maintained properly. Be aware of the status of equipment
and systems that are tagged out and spot check as needed to ensure log accuracy.
- The EOOW, as the Authorizing Officer, must thoroughly understand the equipment and
systems and the impact to the plant of hanging or clearing of tags.
- Monitor quality and regulate operation of combat systems support systems.
- Direct the lighting off and securing of the engineering plant IAW applicable EOSS and
the EO’s light-off orders.
- Ensure that the proper material condition of readiness is set within the Engineering
Department and ensure prescribed firemain pressure is maintained at all times.
- Notify the OOD, EO, and DCA if unable to maintain firemain pressure.
- Coordinate with the EO and DCA to keep the ship properly trimmed.
 - Ensure that all fuel transfers are performed strictly IAW the clean water act, the latest
EPA requirements, EOSS SNOK, and ship's instructions.
- Supervise the activities of the Oil King and assistants in operational matters.
- Ensure that the engineering log, engineer's bell book or automatic bell logger record
sheets, and prescribed operating records are properly kept.
- Prior to assuming the watch, the EOOW must be aware of the following:
- Tactical and/or maneuvering situations that could impact the engineering
watchteam or their casualty control actions.
- Specific equipment operating conditions, existence of any non-standard
configurations, equipment tag-outs, or any special operating orders in effect.
- Presence of any heat stress conditions.
- Provisions of the EO’s and CO's night orders.
- Maintenance being conducted or planned during the duration of the watch.
- Review logs and records back to the last watch stood or 24 hours, whichever is
less.
- Inform distilling plant and/or Reverse Osmosis (RO) operators of ship position in
relationship to other ships and/or land to ensure contaminated water is not sent to
Potable Water (PW) holding tanks.
- Inform the Oil King or assistants of changes in boiler status that may require water
chemistry test or treatment.
- Ensure all required F/O and L/O samples are taken properly.
- Notify the EO immediately of unsatisfactory samples and make recommendations for
corrective actions.
- Ensure all unsatisfactory test results are logged in the engineering log.
- Ensure all repair work being accomplished conforms to repair documentation.
- Monitor and operate Damage Control Console (DCC) when no dedicated DCC watch is
assigned (GT).
- Train all watchstanders regarding differences between normal EOCC controlling and
immediate actions and during restricted maneuvering, consistent with the CO’s
standing/battle orders (GT and Diesel).

Engineering Duty Officer (EDO):

**First Class or above, an EOOW qualified E-5 is authorized at CO discretion**
- The EDO is charged with similar duties and responsibilities inport as the EOOW
performs underway.
- Whereas the EDO is in charge of departmental duty section matters, the EOOW
is in charge of safe plant operations.
- The EDO is not required to be a qualified EOOW.
- Execute all standing orders, special operating orders, and night orders from the EO.
- Prepare or review the required departmental daily 12 and 8 o'clock reports.
- Ensure the alertness, training, and presence on station of all watchstanders
- When ordered, place the electrical plant, or commence preparations to place the main
propulsion plant, into operation for unscheduled ship movements or emergency
situations.
- The EDO must be able to commence recall of designated personnel needed to put the
propulsion plant in operation within a 24-hour period of the initial notification of an
emergent underway requirement.
- For GT and Diesel ships, this entails preparations to start main engines. For
Steam ships, this entails preparations to light off any main propulsion boilers.
- If not qualified as EOOW, the EDO initiates the EO’s light-off orders and makes
every effort to prepare the main propulsion plant for operation up to the point
where a qualified EOOW must be present to start the main engines or light off
boilers.
- In the event of a loss of shore electrical services, ensure the ship re-establishes the
electrical load using ship's emergency diesel or GT generators.
- Safeguard the watertight integrity and physical security of all engineering spaces.
- Ensure all machinery is operated safely and economically and all pertinent safety
precautions are observed
- Ensure the engineering log is maintained accurately.
- The EDO is the person granted signature authority for the engineering log during
the inport duty period.
- Conduct regular departmental space inspection throughout the duty day and prior to 8
o'clock reports.
- Report security and status of the department to the EO if present, and to the officer
receiving 8 o'clock reports.
- Supervise all departmental training conducted after hours.
- Immediately notify the OOD and/or CDO of any abnormal conditions.
- See that Engineering Department personnel required for working parties are promptly
supplied.
- Assemble reports of muster of the department and report results to the CDO when
quarters are not held in the morning.
- At least 15 minutes before officers' call each morning, meet with the EO or the oncoming
EDO and brief the status of the department. Include a review of all logs and pertinent
documents.
- Report to the EO before the end of the day to receive the night orders and any
amplifying information.
- Ensure that the tag-out log and Work Authorization Form (WAF) log are maintained
properly.
- Ensure all equipment operating logs are properly maintained and exercise watch officer
overview of all programs.
- Monitor quality and regulate operation of combat systems support systems.
- Monitor proper operation of the Collection, Holding, and Transfer (CHT) system.
- Monitor proper operation of the cathodic protection system.
- Serve as the ship's Duty Fire Marshal (if a Fire Marshal is not separately assigned) and
carry out Fire Marshal duties.
- Plan and conduct the duty section fire drill and other emergency drills or training
with the CDO and Fire Marshal.
 - Ensure applicable provisions of EOSS; Sewage Disposal Operational Sequencing
System (SDOSS); NSTM; SORM; ship instructions and notices; Engineering Department
instructions, notices, and standing orders; machinery operating instructions and safety
precautions; and other pertinent directives are carried out by the duty section personnel.
- Coordinate with Fleet Maintenance Activities (FMA), private contractors, etc., to ensure
that repair work is being accomplished.

Underway Watch Organization

Found in EDORM per ship class.

Engineering Programs:

- Bearing Records.
- Boiler Water/Feed Water.
- Electrical Safety.
- Engineering Department PQS.
- Engineering Department Training.
- EOSS.
- Fuel Oil Quality Management (FOQM).
- Hearing Conservation.
- Heat Stress.
- Legal Records and Reports.
- LOQM.
- GT Service Records.
- On-Line Verification (Steam).
- Diesel Readiness System (DRS)/Jacket Water.
- Operating Logs.
- Quality Assurance (QA).
- Tag-Out.

CO/Cheng Approval
References:
1. EDORM (Page 3-3-1)
Commanding Officer Approval Items:
1. Equipment Light off
a. Main propulsion start-up/light off.
b. Major change in plant configuration (not to include shifting auxiliary machinery,
but does include the disablement or operation of machinery or equipment if it can
adversely affect the safety or operation of the ship.
c. Designation of safety observer, if not an EOOW, for propulsion boiler light off.
2. Equipment procedures, testing and repairs
a. Use of battle override (unless in CO’s battle orders, RMD or PMS)
b. Recommencing equipment operation after suspected tampering is found.
 c. Operational testing of main engines.
d. Bypassing of interlocks/safety devices on any systems or portion thereof, except
PMS.
e. Authorization for trials, tests, drills, and training evolutions that affect the plant.
f. Deviation from EOSS. (can have authorization in CO’s battle orders, RMD, TSO,
or other circumstances).
g. Approval of changes to SOP where no EOSS coverage is available.
3. Fuels, oils, and ballasting
a. On-loading and off-loading F/O and L/O
b. Ballasting and deballasting.
4. Environmental protection
a. The discharge or disposal of liquid or solid waste or any hazardous substances
w/in prohibited areas.
5. Safety
a. Approve TSO/LOPs
b. Entering a tank or a void, prior to the opening and gas freeing of a tank or void.
c. Authorization of selected single valve tag-outs.
d. Placing any alarm or safety device in cutout status, except for PMS.
e. RMD
f. Any circuit breaker not labeled as SPARE in the off position.
g. Opening AFFF piping or systems.
6. Watchstanding qualifications
a. EOOW
b. Extending stay times for watchstanders in heat stress conditions
c. Approval of drill packages (ETT, DCTT, ITT)
d. Approval of Engineering Department watchbills and WTRP.

Cheng Approval Items:

1. Equipment light off
a. Prepared Light-off orders for propulsion plant start up, CO approval.
b. Changing plant status or placing major plant equipment OOC.
2. Equipment procedures, testing, and repairs
a. Tag-out isolation lists developed for routine use on major equipment
b. Deletion and/or modifications of departmental PMS manuals and approval of
PMS scheduling boards.
c. Development of changes to maintenance procedures.
3. Watchstanding and Qualifications
a. Approve final qualification of all departmental watchstanders (except EOOW).
b. If delegated by the CO, approve WTRP.
4. Administrative matters
a. Approve the daily fuel, oil, and water reports.
5. Drills and training
a. ETT/DCTT drill plans before CO's approval and up-to-date list of personnel
designated as qualified ETT/DCTT members.
 b. Approval of all personnel designated to conduct engineering training.
c. Locally prepared training Lesson Topic Guides (LTG) approved before first use.
d. Training schedules.
e. Modifications to departmental training plan.

Special Evolutions
- Must be conducted with the knowledge of the Cheng, and the approval of the CO.
- Cheng or EOOW must brief all personnel involved in the evolution. Checksheets and
walk-throughs are considered part of the prep for a complex or involved special
evolution.
- Cheng keeps CO abreast the of status of evolution.
- Do not conduct special evolutions outside of normal working hours.
- If tagout is required, Cheng must review them.
- CO/XO or recommended to attend, but at a minimum the Cheng or qualified EOOW
designated by Cheng will be onboard in the event of the following evolutions:
- MRG cover removal and reinstallation of attached pump drive gear accesses.
- Opening and closing of main engines
- Waterborne removal of any valve, piping, or fitting that could subject the ship to
major flooding.
- Maintenance requiring any one of the following hazardous conditions:
- Work on live electrical equipment, except where approved instructions
issued by higher authority permit opening and inspecting equipment in the
course of performing maintenance, routine testing, taking measurements,
or making adjustments that require equipment to be energized.
- Work in which there are at least two pressure barriers between the
maintenance area and any of the following systems or conditions:
I. High temperature systems (200 degrees [°] Fahrenheit [F] or
greater).
II. High pressure systems (1,000 pounds per square inch [psi] or
greater).
III. Any in-service steam system.
IV. All sea connected systems (except lines less than a half an
inch Iron Pipe Size [IPS] inboard of the backup valves).
V. All hull penetrations below the maximum anticipated waterline.
VI. Fluids with flashpoint below 200 °F.
VII. Oxygen systems.
VIII. Toxic fume systems
- Tag-out of firemain to sprinklers for magazines containing live ammunition
or deluge systems.
- Tag-out of installed firefighting systems for one or more main spaces
- Installation or removal of cofferdams for which failure could result in major
flooding conditions.
- Dewatering or de-fueling for seawater compensated fuel storage tanks
Engineering POA&M
Reference:
1. EDORM (Page 3-1-1)

Effecrive managment involves planning, exeution, and a mechanism for providing in-process
evaluations and feedback in order to achieve objectives. A plan of actions and milestones
(POA&M) provides that mechanism.

Physical Security
References:
1. EDORM (4-4-1)
2. NSTM 241, Propulsion Reduction Gears
3. NSTM 604, Locks, Keys, and Hasps
4. NSTM 075, Fasteners

The physical security program depends on three ingredients (must all be fully functional):
- Teamwork.
- Deterrence of unauthorized access by use of locks and locking devices.
- Vigorous and thorough inspection and watchstanding procedures, which enhance
vigilance against tampering.

Locked – entry or manipulation positively prevented by a lock.

Locking device – any device, such as lock wire or keeper, which serves as a positive stop to
prevent inadvertent manipulation

Valves requiring locking devices and their normal position are generally shown on EOSS
piping diagrams, labels that indicate this normal position must be attached. Shown below:

The EO is responsible for drafting the Engineering Department’s physical security plan as
part of the EO’s standing orders. And responsible for the key control locker.
Locked Spaces.
- All shipboard main propulsion and auxiliary spaces must be locked or manned at all
times both inport and underway.
- Manned spaces include a roving patrol or system monitor that enters the spaces at
least every 60 minutes and inspects the space for fire, flooding, or sabotage.
- If locked, all accesses must be physically checked at intervals not to exceed 60
minutes.
Equipment requiring locks are as follows:
- MRG access covers to include de-humidifiers and vent fog precipitators (medium
security locks)
- Ship service or emergency generator reduction gear inspection covers (unless
generator is contained in module/enclosure that is normally locked and a minimum of
two bolts per access cover is lock wired).
- Main, auxiliary, and/or waste heat boiler safety valves.
- Gas Turbine Module (GTM) access doors when inport and secured.
- The designated standby generator may be left unlocked provided the space is manned.
- Potable Water (PW) and feedwater sounding tubes.
- Lube Oil (L/O) storage tanks.

Equipment requiring locking devices are as follows:

- Lineshaft bearing access covers.
- A minimum of two opposing bolts shall be lock wired per access cover.
- MRG Sight Flow Indicators (SFI)
- All main L/O pump suction and discharge cutout valves (open)
- Systems where EOSS procedures or diagrams call for components to be locked in a
specific position.
- All ballast and de-ballast valves whose operation would allow interconnection of oil or
oily waste with the sea or allow sea flooding of operating spaces.
- CHT system vent valves (open).
- Stripping pump discharge valves to the fuel transfer system (closed).
- Stripping pump suction valves from the fuel service pump suction headers (closed).
- Any L/O drain, rundown, or isolation valve, that by its operation could starve, limit, or
interrupt lubrication to any main engine, reduction gear, generator, or lineshaft
bearings must have a device indicating the position for normal operation.
- The need for locking devices for smaller valves (i.e., sampling connections less
than 1/4-in. diameter) may be promulgated in the EO’s standing orders.
- Lineshaft bearing sampling valve piping must have an anti-rotation device or tack
weld to prevent separation from bearing housing.
- Lineshaft bearing sampling valves must have a locking device at the valve
itself, regardless of whether or not the sampling pipe has a removable cap.
Types of Locking Devices:
- Lock wires
- Wire lead seals
- SFI locking devices
- Flange Shroud
- Cover plate/counter drilled bar

Types of Locks:
- Low security padlocks
- Low security hasp
- General Field Service Padlocks (GFSP)
- High security padlocks
- High security hasps
- Security padlocks

Engineering Department Reports and Orders

References:
1. EDORM

Night Orders: required inport and underway. EDO prepares it inport, MPA underway.

Temporary Standing Orders (TSO): used to modify the EO’s standing orders, for operating
guidance, or to address temporary situations that demand deviations from normal procedures.
CO approved. Good for only 180 days.
- The presence of a TSO does not prevent or exempt a ship from adhering to other
requirements such as Departure From Specification (DFS) or CASREP criteria.
- A TSO should not be submitted just because it is easier to submit than make repairs or
replace the affected equipment or system component.
- A TSO should only be submitted when all possibilities have been exhausted and
deviation to operate the equipment or system is necessary for plant operation.
TSOs contain the following:
- Cancellation date – 180 days at maximum from the effective date..
- If the TSO is required past 180 days, the EO should re-submit the TSO to the
CO for approval, provided it is beyond the ship’s capability to correct the
problem.
- References – a list of references such as drawings, advisories, EOSS procedures, and
technical specifications used to generate the TSO.
- Problem discussion and degree of non-compliance.
- Statement must include all specific symptoms, indications, and readings individual
operators and supervisors may observe related to the equipment or system in its
affected condition.
 - Affected watch stations – to include the supervisory watch position.
- Required actions – a specific listing, step-by-step, of the expected operator actions
required for a given condition. If applicable, list EOP or EOCC steps.
- Cancellation criteria – conditions or solutions, including the CO's decision, that cancel
the TSO, such as:
- EOSS revision completed.
- DFS clearance approval.
- Permanent repairs completed.
- Submission/Approval signature

*Prolonged employment of the ship in special circumstances (quiet ship, mine

countermeasures, etc.) may warrant a Local Operating Procedure (LOP) that is not
pertinent to Engineering Operational Sequencing System (EOSS) deviations

Local Operating Procedures (LOP):

- Used when there is a lack of EOSS support or to supplement or change an existing EOSS
procedure.
- LOPs are distributed to supervisors and operators and can also be used in conjunction
with caution tags.
- They are developed using Naval Ships’ Technical Manuals (NSTM), Ship Information
Books (SIB), and/or technical guidance.
- LOPs are drafted by the EO and approved by the CO

Light-Off Orders:
- From MLOC in EUG. Used by EO to issue specific instructions and timelines for
bringing the plant into operation. Should be tailored to special circumstances.
- These orders are used whenever the plant is placed in operation for a scheduled
underway, significant equipment testing, or for planned periods of auxiliary steaming.
- If an emergency situation arises and the ship needs to get underway within 24hrs while
the EO is not on board, the EDO initiates a light-off order and presents it to the CDO or
higher authority for approval.
- EO and CO sign off all light-off orders

8 O’Clock reports:
- Nightly status report of the department. Presented to CDO inport, and XO underway.
- Should contain at a minimum:
- Plant status.
- List of degraded or OOC equipment
 - Tag-outs in effect that require CO or EO approval
- Additional remarks
- PW and FW percentage

Engineering Officers Standing Orders:

- Used to amplify procedures, policies, and practices issued by higher authority, and
provide guidance in those instances were specific procedures and policies are not stated.
- Approved by CO
- Reviewed monthly.
- Required topics:
- Op log taking intervals
- Lg review ands signature procedures
- Physical security
- Watchstander actions
- Use of battle override and/or emergency bells as applicable.
- Casualty steering policy if not incorporated as a separate ship instruction.
- RMD if not already incorporated as a separate ship instruction.
- Notification policy for EO, CDO, and/or EDO.
- Recall procedures and/or short notice light-off procedures for an emergency
underway.
- Any special plant configurations used for specific tactical and/or maneuvering
situations or fuel economy if not listed in other ship instructions.
- Engineering plant line-up for Maximum Plant Reliability Configuration (MPRC)
if not already listed in other shipboard guidance.
- EOOW relationships with the OOD, TAO, and CSOOW.
- Possible additional topics:
- General watchstanding and operations.
- Equipment configuration and rotation policy
- Desired equipment shifting plan in event of a main space fire.
- Damage control
- Shore services and logistics.
- Liquid management procedures
- Environmental procedures
- Electric plant operations
- Shaft control issues
- Maintenance
- General: required reading list, equipment responsibility by workcenter,
departmental check-in and orientation procedures, test equipment loan policy,
equipment cannibalization policy.
Bearing Records
References:
1. NSTM 244, Propulsion Bearing and Seals
2. NSTM 231, Propulsion and SSTG Steam Turbines
3. NSTM 241, Propulsion Reduction Gears, Couplings, Clutches, and Associated
Components
4. JFMM Volume VI, COMUSFLTORCOMINST 4790.3(series)
5. NSTM 233, Diesel Engines
6. ATG toolbox

Bearing Log:
- Used to document the maintenance performed on and the current condition of bearings
in support of sustained material readiness.
- Maintained in the custody of the EO.
- Bearing logs are required to contain the following records:
- Journal bearing clearance
- Thrust bearing clearance
- Bridge or micrometer depth gauge readings
- Any measurement condition that deviates from original or normal readings
- Departure From Specifications (DFS).
- The contents of a bearing log are:
- Ship’s name
- Bearing number
- Date bearing was installed
- Installed Clearance (IC)
- Replacement Clearance (RC)
- Depth Constant (DC)
- Depth Micrometer Reading (MR)
- Wear (W); W= MR - DC
- Bearing Clearance (BC); BC = IC + W
*These parameters must be reestablished (measured and recorded) each time the
bearing is disturbed for inspection, rebabbitted, or replaced. A label plate identifying these
parameters along with the date they were measured must be manufactured and attached to
each bearing.

- Each section of the record book must begin with a copy of the applicable PMS card.
- Copies of shipyard/repair facility condition/inspection reports must be inserted after the
record forms for the specific bearing that they apply to.

Bearing Depth Micrometer Clearance Readings: Operating clearance of new, reused, or

replacement bearings must be within the design clearances listed in Lineshaft bearing
clearances.
 - Should be measured through the boss on the top of the line shaft bearing. Should be
flat, clear and free of nicks.

Bearing Wear Patterns and Alignment

- Wear patterns reveal information about bearing operation and alignment.
- Normal wear pattern, the polished area in the babbitt surface of the bottom half of the
bearing shell extends uniformly over the bearing length and is in the bottom dead center
20 to 60 degrees of the total arc.
- Upper shell must show no contact.
- Abnormal bearing wear patterns show hot spots and misalignment. If no wear pattern is
shown, then it is an unloaded bearing, requires vertical repositioning.

Thrust Bearing Temperature Measurement:

- Temperature is the sole criterion by which the operator can judge the condition of
individual bearings during operation.
- Two forms of measurement:
- Drain oil temperature, viewed by watchstander in the space. Max of 180F
- Babbitt temperature read by an imbedded RTE, from a console. 250F max. RTE
responds more quickly to temperature changes and gives earlier warning than oil
temperature.
Rotor Position Indicators (RPI)
- Measure the relative position of the rotor and casing during turbine operation.

Departmental Training and PQS

References:
1. SORM
2. EDORM
3. SFRTM (Surface Forces Readiness and Training Manual)
4. ATGLANTINST 1500.1
5. OPNAVINST 5100.19
6. OPNAVINST 3500.34
7. NAVEDTRA 43100-1
8. NAVEDTRA 43100-6
9. ATG Toolbox

The XO is responsible for leading the training effort

Develope and maintain proficiency through:

- In-rate shore-based operator/maintenance training.
- In-rate operator basic training.
- Individual watch station qualification.
- Systems training for operators/teams.
- General Military Training (GMT).
- Ship-wide training accomplished through drills.
Basic features of an effective Training Program:
- Compatibility - the Training Program must work w/in the organization’s framework and
schedule.
- Evaluation and Instruction
- Analysis and Improvement

Requirements for effective training are:

- Dynamic instruction - instructor preparation and presentation must be professional and
reflect a thorough knowledge of the subject matter.
- Positive leadership - CoC, from the most junior personnel to the CO, must actively
participate in the training sessions and/or evolutions.
- Self Study - do it.

Ships should always include all encompassing training through the year, to include:
- Tech manuals
- Frequent validation/ training of OSS and EOCC
- Drills/Evs walkthrough/talkthroughs/events.
- Relevant PQS
- GMTs
- Safety
- Etc,

Administrative and Operational Training

- Must be IAW approved Engineering Department training plans. Should be tracked
documented.
- Use Lesson Topic Guides (LTG). Locally prepared LTGs must be approved by the EO.
- Training must be supervised by senior personnel.
- Utilize TORIS to track, display, and report unit level training for REs.
- Training should be conducted in a steady strain approach.

Evolutions
- Three different types:
- Routine: to be completed every 90 days by all watchstanders. These are
evolutions that are normally performed weekly, daily, and every watch while
underway, in response to casualty, or when related to safety or DC.
- Infrequent: to be completed every 180 days. These are ones that a watchteam
could reasonably expect to perform during extended operations at sea.
- MLOC - conducted when lighting off the plant.
- Watchstanders are required to maintain a minimum of 65% evolution proficiency in
satisfactorily conducting routine, infrequent, and MLOC evolutions.

Drills
- Three different categories:
 - Category I - drills that involve high risk and/or occur most frequently. Two
qualified Cond. III watchteams must complete these every 90 days, and graded
as effective.
- Category II - drills that involve moderate risk and/or occur frequently. Two
qualified Cond. III watchteams must complete these every 180 days with each
graded as effective.
- Category III - drills that involve low risk and/or occur infrequently. Two qualified
Cond. III watchteams must complete these every 365 days with each graded as
effective.
- Each qualified watchteam is required to maintain a minimum 50% drill proficiency in
satisfactorily conducting Category I and II drills.

Things that can degrade training effectiveness are:

- Significant deficiencies in formal schools’ requirements with no effective plan to correct.
- Ineffective classroom training procedures or ineffective operations training as
evidenced by:
- Poorly defined target training groups.
- Inadequately defined training requirements.
- Topic frequency not defined.
- LTGs not available.
- Required topics not scheduled.
- Low accomplishment rate of scheduled classroom training events.
- Ineffective operations training to include:
- Casualty control drills and evolutions not conducted.
- Drill or evolution training results not recorded.
- ETT and DCTT training not conducted.
- Low accomplishment rate for scheduled operations training events.
- Ineffective WTRP to include:
- Unstable watchteams.
- Non-identification of replacement requirements.
- No procedures for tracking qualification progress of replacement candidates.
- Low qualification attainment rates for designated replacement candidates.

Training Plans:
- Long Range Training Plans (LRTP): top-level document, used to identify milestones that
play a significant role in the training and development of the crew. Should include ships
schedule, assessments and exercises, as well as off ship school and NEC requirements.
- Training Officer and DH are responsible for developing and maintaining the
LRTP
- Short Range Training Plans (SRTP): detailed plan of how a training group executes the
LRTP.
- Monthly training plans: should show the day, the training topic and who will conduct the
training. Reviewed and approved by the DH.
Planning Board for Training (PB4T)
- Chaired by the XO, goes over the training requirements for the ship and the individual
departments. Should be done to assist the CO in carrying out command training policies.
Should be used to ensure training is conducted, so deconflictions are done, roadblocks
overcome, and disruptions are minimized.
- Should also include schools, NECs and manning.

Training Records:
- Should be minimized to what actually happened, and critiques of each training,
evolution, and drill.
- Training critiques are used to evaluate training performance, document results and
provide feedback to improve readiness.
- Submitted to the CO for review.
- Evolution and drill critiques are to be retained for the current and previous quarters.
- RADM is to track training conducted and PQS achieved by each individual.
- Muster sheets should be hard copy and entered into RADM.

Training Teams:
- Made up of the most knowledgeable and experienced personnel who bring enthusiasm
to the training process.
- Training teams are designated in writing. CO designates ETT and DCTT members.
- All Training team members must be fully PQS qualified.

Safety Walkthrough focus areas:

- Ensuring systems are aligned in order to facilitate completion of planned evolutions.
- Ensuring bilges, drip pans and decks are dry and free of oil and debris.
- Ensuring deck plates, handrails, ladders, and ladders, and ladder treads are in place and
secured.
- Ensuring all flange shields and s trainer spray covers are in place and properly attached.
- Ensuring all damage control equipment is in place and ready.
- Ensuring all valve hand wheels are installed, properly attached and that all remote
operators are connected.
- Ensuring all security locks, lock wire, seals, and locking devices are in place.
- Inspecting for and removing all fire hazards from engineering spaces, including uptake
spaces.
- Stowing all equipment, not in use.
- Ensuring all gauges are in place, properly mounted, and not overdue for calibration.
- Ensuring all safety and relief valves are properly set and within periodicity.
- Ensuring all Interior Communications (IC) power panels and alarm panels are energized
and tested.
- Inspecting all escape trunks for proper markings, clear of debris, and fully functional
access doors.

Training Time Out:

 - Anybody can call a TTO when an unsafe condition is noted or becomes imminent.
- Only the ETT leader can re-commence the drills. CO concurrence is required prior to
resuming training after a TTO.

Watch Team Replacement Plan (WTRP)

- Should be used to influence PQS of Sailors.
- Provides timely, realistic feedback to the PQS program regarding anticipated watch
station qualification requirements and is the basis for assigning PQS completion goals to
individual watch personnel.
- Updated quarterly, at a minimum. And incorporates the anticipated changes for the year
ahead (current quarter plus four, so 15 months).
- WTRP drives the LRTP.

Watch Qualifications:
- Boards consist of PQS qualified personnel of the tested PQS. Can consist of the
following:
- Oral interview
- Written test
- Skill demonstration
- Documentation review
- Engineering plant tour.

Training and PQS Program Assessments:

- Training and PQS is a critical program
- Must be evaluated as effective to maintain engineering certification.

EOSS
References:
1. EOSS User’s Guide (EUG)
2. Operational Sequencing System (OSS), OPNAVINST 9200.3 (series)
3. ATG Toolbox

EOSS provides safe, technically accurate, and standardized operational and casualty control
procedures that are tailored to the individual ship’s configuration.
- EOSS standardizes operations, reduces operational costs, accelerates casualty
response, significantly reduces uncertainty and improper actions or responses, and
provides for safe operation of equipment and systems

Use of EOSS is mandatory, when installed.

Two parts of EOSS:

- Engineering Operational Procedures (EOP) - contains all the info necessary for the
proper operation of a ship’s propulsion plant. This portion also contains job aids for
scheduling, controlling, and directing plant evolutions.
 - Engineering operational Casualty Control (EOCC) - helps recognize casualty symptoms
and probable causes and effects. It also contains guidelines providing preventive actions
that may be taken to avoid a casualty.

The EUG is the first book of EOSS: contains information for the implementation and update of
EOSS. It is used to train users new to EOSS. Explanations are included concerning intent,
structure, and usage of EOSS. It also serves as a reference for updating procedures using the
Feedback System
- Chapters:
- Chapter 1 – Introduction.
- Chapter 2 – EOP.
- Chapter 3 – EOCC.
- Chapter 4 – Communications.
- Chapter 5 – Learning to use EOSS.
- Chapter 6 – EOSS Feedback System

Chapter 1 - Introduction:
- CO’s Authority:
- EOSS does not take control away from the CO to specifying plant configurations
and casualty control procedures during battle situations, RMD, or when CO
deems needed.
- CO may change standard equipment on a temporary basis, but not as a matter of
routine or to increase redundancy.
- Shipboard EOSS package:
- All applicable books for EOSS and EOP.
- List of Applicable Dates (LOAD), which lists the most current book indexes by
book number, date of book index, and applicable watch station(s). They are
distributed as part of each revision.
- CD with everything in an electronic backup.
- Hardware Installation Plan (HIP) that provides the ship with the size and number
of bookholders required, the location of bookholders, and a listing of books
required at each watch station
- Use of EOSS: must be strictly adhered to. With exceptions listed in Deviations.
- Deviations from EOSS:
- If deviating from EOSS, CO must approve, and have his signature at the bottom
of each procedure, or a cover letter. Following conditions warrant deviation:
- When it is determined that adherence to EOSS may endanger personnel or
damage equipment.
- When EOSS does not match the actual configuration or the propulsion plant
is modified
- When a component or system becomes INOP or a TYCOM DFS is issued.
- When it is necessary to adhere to provisions of ISEA and class advisory.
- During RMD.
- When new systems are installed. ??
 - EOSS Assumptions:
- All systems are intact and operational.
- All equipment is operational within design operating parameters.
- Only standard authorized configurations are addressed.
- All engineering watchstanders use EOSS.
- Procedures are arranged by watch area.
- Procedures are written to a qualified watchstander level.
- Parameters: projected parameters of operating equipment is detailed out.
- Semi-Annual Update (SAU) program: updated every 6 months. Comes with a LOAD.

Chapter 2 - EOP:
- EOP is comprised of technically correct written procedures, status charts, and diagrams
that are required for normal transition between steady state operating conditions.
- Has many different formats:
- MLOC - Master Pre-Light-Off Checklist
- MP - Master Procedures (includes all stations actions(OPs))
- OP - Operational Procedures: For EOOW, Space Supervisor
- SP - system procedures (deals with entire systems)
- CP - Component Procedures (deals with a component on a system).
- SC - Status Charts
- SD - System Diagrams
- SNOK - Standard Notes for the Oil King
- TT - Tank Tables
- TSD - Tank Status Diagrams

Chapter 3 - EOCC: (all controlling and immediate actions are to be memorized)

- Consists of technically correct, logically sequenced procedures for responding to and
controlling commonly occurring casualties.
- If properly followed, these procedures will return the plant to a safe, stable state.
- Consist of four procedural formats:
- MCRP - Master Casualty Response Procedures, will have the following sections:
Symptoms/indications, Possible causes, Possible effects, Controlling actions,
Immediate actions, Supplementary actions, Restore casualty.
- CRP - Casualty Response Procedures: will not have symptoms/indications,
Possible causes, Possible effects.
- MEP - Master Emergency Procedures: are provided for EOOW's use when a
casualty requires either that the affected shaft be locked, emergency pitch set, or
propulsion turbines cooled following an emergency stop. Has too much detail to
be in an MCRP.
 - EP - Emergency Procedures: similar in format to a component procedure. It lists
the step-by-step procedure for performing a specific evolution in support of a
CRP. Designated as an EP because:
- It is used while isolating several plant casualties
- It is a potentially hazardous procedure requiring too much detail to be
included in CRP.
- Standard Assumptions: Certain conditions have been established as a basis for
development of EOCC for each class of ship, due to the large number of configuration
combinations of equipment. Each ship is different.

Chapter 4 - Communications:
- Communication procedures must be utilized in conjunction with EOSS.
- Flow goes OOD/TAO/CSOOW -> EOOW -> Space Supervisors, or the other way. But
orders come from high to low.
- Repeat backs! If the order is not repeated back, the watchstation should repeat their
order/report.
- Good definitions are also in this chapter. Know what words mean in the professional
environment, terminology is very important.

Chapter 5 - Learning to use EOSS.

- Watchstander proficiency influences how they utilize EOSS. There are three levels:
- Inexperienced: they must read the entire section before performing steps, then
read each individual step directly prior to performing said step. Then upon
completion, watchstander must re-read the entire section to verify proper
execution.
- Morer Proficient: must review each section before actions are carried out. But,
can take several steps in a row before verifying. Section must be re-read upon
completion for action verification.
- High Proficiency: watchstander can utilize the procedure as a checkoff sheet. Still
must be re-read after completion of task for action verification.
- Talk-Throughs: Talking through procedures with watchstanders, reading the EOSS OP
aloud, and allowing all stations to see the sequence of events as it would carry out in the
plant.
- Walk-Through: a simulated, in-space run of an evolution or drill, to occur after the talk-
through to put equipment to actions described in the procedure. Watchstanders can
simulate actions they would take in the order with the proper comms.
- Using EOCC: only qualified watchstanders should be conducting EOCC actions.
Qualified watchstanders must learn: Symptoms/indications, Possible causes, Possible
effects. They must memorize: Controlling Actions, Immediate Actions, and Stopping
during a casualty section of designated EOPs.

Chapter 6 - EOSS Feedback System

- There are two feedback types:
 - Urgent Feedback: a technical discrepancy in the EOSS that could cause damage
to equipment or injury to personnel. Safety related. In the meantime until this
report is resolved by higher authorities, CO should authorize pen and ink
changes to EOSS. NSWCPD provides guidance on feedback.
- Routine Feedback: not safety related. Have two categories:
- Category A: requests for EOSS materials
- Category B: non-urgent technical discrepancies, such as valve
mislabeled.

EOSS Program Management:

- Should have a proficient program manager, implement the SAU in a timely manner, and
ensure feedbacks are properly documented and tracked.
- EOSS is an engineering all-hands assist program. All Engineers should be ensuring
EOSS usage, maintenance, and stowage is IAW requirements at all times.

Piping, Fitting and Valve Maintenance

References:
1. NSTM 505, Piping systems
2. Machinist’s Mate 3 & 2, NAVEDTRA 14151 (series)
3. Engineman, NAVEDTRA 14075 (series)
4. NSTM 635, Thermal, Fire, and Acoustic Insulations
5. Technical Directive, Piping Devices, Flexible Hose Assemblies, S6430-AE-TED-010
6. Inspect Synthetic Rubber Flexible Hoses, End Fittings, and Supports, MIP 5000/014,
MRC 27 C5NG N
7. Inspect Teflon, Thermoplastic, and Metal Hoses, End Fittings, and Supports, MIP
5000/014, MRC 87 C5NF N
8. Fluid Power, NAVEDTRA 14105 (series)
9. NSTM 078, Volume 2, Gaskets and Packing

Piping:
- Definition: an assembly composed of pipe or tubing, valves, fittings, and related
components that form either a whole or part of a system used to transfer fluids (liquids
and gasses).
- Pipe is more rigid in design than tubing
- There are three important dimensions of any piping: wall thickness, Inside Diameter (ID),
and Outside Diameter (OD)
- Three types of piping:
- High-Pressure (HP)/High-Temperature piping: made of seamless chromium-
molybdenum alloy steel. For systems that operate at 1,500psig or above 1,050℉.
- Low-temp piping: made of seamless carbon steel. For systems that operate at
775℉ or below.
- Seawater/Potable Water piping: made of nonferrous metal that has special
properties of corrosion resistance and high heat conductivity.
 - Pipe marking: should label what the pipe carries, and direction of flow. Might include
system pressure, and functional service. Markings should be spaced no more than 15 ft
apart in open areas and NMT 5 ft apart in concealed areas.
- Colors:

Yeah, IDK why Firemain is blue… but pretend its red.

Fittings: standard fittings used by the Navy are: union joints, flanged joints, expansion joints,
and flareless joints.
- Union Joints: a screwed joint design and are commonly used on piping components to
simplify repairs or alterations due to the ease of connecting and disconnecting.
- Must go on threaded piping.
- Available in many different materials and designs, and can be used for a wide
range of temps and pressures.
- Used a lot to join piping up to 2” in size.
- Flange Joints: piping components installed to ease the removal and maintenance of
piping and to resist bending in piping. Suitable for all pressures.
- They are attached to the piping by welding, brazing or rolling and bending into
recess.
- Can be used to unite two separate types of metal, to avoid galvanic corrosion.
- Flat-face flanges are normally used for LP systems.
- Raised-face flanges for HP/Hi-temp systems.
- Expansion Joints: are installed at suitable intervals in long steam lines. They are used to
take up axial and lateral pipe movements due to thermal movement of a piping system.
- Can also be used for HP/hi-temp systems.
- Flareless Joints: used for connecting sections of tubing in some HP systems.
Pip Hangers and Supports: the various devices used to carry the weight of piping systems. They
absorb the movements imposed by the thermal expansion of the pipe and motion of the ship and
prevent excessive vibration of piping and resilient mounts.
- Hangar refers to a device that carries the piping weight from above.
- Support refers to a device that carries the piping weight from below.
- They are either rigid (fixed), spring, or resilient type.
- Rigid are generally used in cold piping systems (normally <120℉)
- Variable spring generally used in hot piping systems.
- Resilient supports are used in hot piping systems.

Insulation and Lagging: the purpose of insulation is to prevent the transfer of heat from piping
that is hotter or cooler than the surrounding atmosphere.
- Used to protect systems and personnel.

Spray (Flange) Safety Shields: prevent a flammable liquid spray or the release of an atomized
mist from flanged joints. Redirects the spray to a safer location, such as a bilge, away from
ignition sources.
- Should completely cover the flanged joint.
- Required in the following locations:
- Main and Aux spaces, on all flammable system pipe flanges and valve bonnet
flanges that are located above or exposed from deck plates. All flanges in steam
plants.
- Outside Main and Aux spaces, any flammable system pipe flanges or valve
bonnet flanges in the direct plane of electrical equipment or a motor.

Flexible Hoses: are required to absorb the movements of resiliently mounted equipment under
normal operating conditions and the extreme conditions of shock and vibration.
- Required for their noise weakening properties. Used on the steering gear too.
- Four basic types of flex hoses: synthetic rubber, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),
thermoplastic, and metal. (NOT listing where we use them. That's too much).
- ID tags are made and attached to the hose assembly, after fabrication and upon sat. optest.
Should include at the minimum:
- Ship ID name and number.
- Hose type and size
- System pressure.
- Installation date.
- Synthetic rubber flex hoses should be marked at repetitive intervals on the layline.
- Inspect Flex hoses for:
- Proper ID tag
- Free of leakage
- Free of twisting, kinking, or distortion
 - Free of bulging, swelling, necking, or flattened sections exceeding 10% of the
hose OD.
- Etc. more specific inspection requirements are listed in applicable MIP (500/014)
- The basic shelf life for rubber flex hose is 10 years.
- CRITICAL flex hose assembly has a service life of 12 years, can be elevated to 20 years
if in the Critical Flex Hose Life Extension Program.
- Other non-critical flex hoses have no periodic replacement limit.
- Any flex rubber hose subjected to vacuum service and immersed in bilge water during
any normal operating condition has a service life of a maximum of 6 years.

Valves: any device by which the flow of fluid can be started, stopped, or regulated by a movable
part that opens or obstructs passage. They are used for controlling the flow, pressure, and
direction of the fluid.
- Typically made of bronze or steel.
- Steel: used for HP/Hi-temp systems, and all services above 550℉
- Bronze valves are used in systems that carry salt water, but no system that
exceeds 550℉.
-
- Globe Valve: commonly used to regulate the flow of fluids in piping systems. (never
keep all the way open. ¼ turn closed).
- Can be used to throttle flow.
- Gate Valve: used when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum flow restriction is
needed. Rising stem/non-rising stem types.
- NO throttling.
- Butterfly Valves: rotary valves in which a round disc-shaped closure member is rotated to
open or close the flow passage through the valve body. Butterfly valves provide a low-
flow resistance when fully open and can be successfully used in some throttling
applications. LP, high performance valves (not in my experience).
- It says it can be used to throttle, but I think the test only wants Globe and needle.
- Needle Valves: similar in design and operation to the globe valve. Instead of a disk, a
needle valve has a long-tapered point at the end of the valve stem.
- Good throttle valve.
- Ball Valve: are stop valves that use a ball to stop or start the flow of fluid.
 - No throttling.
- Check Valves: permit flow in one direction and to prevent flow in the other direction.
Three types of Check Valves:
- Swing Check Valve
- Lift Check
- Ball check
- Stop Check Valves: are check valves with override controls to stop flow regardless of
flow direction or pressure.
- addition to closing in response to backflow or insufficient forward pressure
(normal check valve behavior), it can also be deliberately shut by an external
mechanism, thereby preventing any flow regardless of forward pressure.
- Relief Valves: installed in most systems to protect them from excessive pressure. Have an
adjusting screw, a spring, and a disk. The force exerted on the disk by the spring sets the
relieving pressure.
- Relief valves open when the preset pressure is reached and close when the
pressure drops slightly below the lifting pressure
- Sentinel Valves: small relief valves that give audible warning of impending overpressure.
Does not relieve pressure.
- Pressure Reducing Valves (Reducing Valves): automatic valves that provide a steady
pressure into a system that is at a lower pressure than the supply system. Three basic
designs:
- Spring-loaded reducing valves
- Pneumatic-pressure-controlled reducing valves
- Air-pilot operated diaphragm type control valves.
- Unloading Valves: also known as dumping valves, relieve excess pressure back to a sump
and are used in conjunction with positive displacement pumps.

Identification of Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and Unions:

- Valves and fittings are usually marked with identifying information.
- Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) is a system that standardizes the valves
and fittings industry. They normally include the manufacture’s name, size and pressure
service for which the product is intended.
- Common letters used for service designations in the MSS system are:
- A - Air
- G - Gas
- L - Liquid
- S - Steam
- O - Oil
- W - Water
- D-W-V - Drainage, waste, and vent
- Abbreviations commonly used for material ID in the MSS system are:
 - AL - Aluminum
- B - Bronze
- CS - Carbon Steel
- CI - Cast Iron
- CU NI - Copper Nickel Alloy
- SM - Soft Metal
- CR 13 - 13% Chromium Steel
- 18 8 - 18 8 Stainless Steel.

Environmental Protection
References:
1. JFMM Volume VI, COMUSFLTFORCOMINST 4790.3 (series)
2. OPNAVINST 5100.19 (series)
3. OPNAV M 5090.1
4. NSTM 090, Inspections, Tests, Records, and Reports.
5. NSTM 593, Pollution Control
6. NSTM 631, Preservation of Ships in Service - General
7. NSTM 670, Storage, Handling, and Disposal of Hazardous Use Consumables.
8. SORM, OPNAVINST 3120.32 (series)

The ship’s environmental protection system provides comprehensive and effective policy
guidance, tools, and training to support operational readiness and sustainability, in compliance
with environmental laws, regulations, and executive orders
- Protection of the marine environment is mission essential

Shipwide Training
- Initial environmental training upon check-in, and annually thereafter.
- Should include:
- Navy’s commitment to environmental protection
- Command environmental program
- Individuals’s responsibility for environmental protection.
- The Afloat Environmental Protection Coordinator (AEPC), must attend the Naval Safety
and Environmental Training Center offered Course (A-4J-0021)

Inspections and Assessments:

- INSURV must conduct oversight inspections.
- ASA checksheet can be found in Appendix D of the Environmental Readiness Program
Manual.
- CO’s are encouraged to evaluate the program as well annually. (Using the ASA)

Terminology:
- Territorial Waters - 0 to 3 nm off the coast
- Contiguous Zone - 3 to 12 nm off the coast.
- Sewage (blackwater) - human waste from toilets and urinals.
- Graywater - discarded water from deck drains, lavatories, showers, dishwashers,
laundries, and garbage grinders (food waste disposers) as well as discarded water from
medical facilities.
- Marine Sanitation Devices (MSD) - equipment on board a ship or craft designed to
receive and treat sewage to a level acceptable for overboard discharge, or that receives
or retains sewage on board for later discharge ashore or in waters where discharge is
permissible.
- Navy ships must be equipped with MSDs.
- CO should schedule quarterly inspections of MSD systems conducted by the
Senior Medical Department personnel.
- Ozone Depletion Substances (ODS) - any chemical listed as a Class I or Class II
substance by the Clean Air Act (CAA). Prevalent ones in the Navy:
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), aka Freons.
- Halon 1211 and 1301
- Methyl Chloroform
- Carbon tetrachloride.
- Oil - Any petroleum-based fluid or semisolid (F/O, L/O, waste oil, oil sludge, etc)
- Oily Rags - oil contaminated rags.
- Oily Waste - oil mixed with water or other fluids such that the oil is no longer useful.
- Oil/Water Separator (OWS) - a piece of equipment that separates oil from oily waste
drawn primarily from the oily waste holding tank or directly from the bilges. (Don’t run
AFFF through it).
- Oil Content Monitor (OCM) - a device, which automatically analyzes the water discharge
from an OWS or a secondary treatment system. NMT 15 PPM allowed overboard.
- Oily Waste Holding Tank (OWHT) - specifically designated for the collection of bilge
water, tank draining, tank washings, and other oily mixtures generated from normal
shipboard operation prior to processing by an OWS.
- Oily Waste Transfer (OWT) System - system to discharge OW overboard in the event of
an emergency, but primarily to shore facilities.
- Oil Pollution Abatement (OPA) system - all equipment used to collect, temporarily store,
and prevent overboard discharge of oily wastewater greater than legal limits.
- Bilge Water - a mix consisting primarily of water, some oil (normally less than 5%), and
other unspecified substances. Considered OW.
- Sheen - an iridescent appearance on the surface of the water caused by the mixing of oil
and water
- Hazardous Material (HM) - any material that, because of its quantity, concentration, or
physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may pose a substantial hazard to human
health or the environment when incorrectly used, purposefully released, or accidentally
spilled. Such as:
- F/O, L/O, gas (flammable or combustible materials)
- Toxic materials
- Corrosive materials
- Oxidizing materials
 - Aerosol containers
- Compressed gasses.
- Used HM - HM that has been used, and no longer useful.
- Excess HM - unused material in unopened, properly sealed containers, which there is no
current use for onboard.
- Consolidated Hazardous Material Reutilization and Inventory Management Program
(CHRIMP) - a control and management program that requires all HM (used and excess
HM and all empty HM containers) to be centrally controlled on board ships.
- Hazardous Material Minimization Center (HAZMINCEN) – utilizes facilities, equipment,
and procedures to execute CHRIMP
- Garbate - all kinds of food, domestic, and operational waste generated during normal
operation of the ship
- Plastic Waste - Styrofoam, nylon, vinyl, and similar synthetic materials produced by
polymerization that normally floats when thrown overboard
- Plastic Waste Processors (PWP) - a device that melts and compresses plastic waste so
that it can be efficiently and safely stored aboard ship for shore disposal.
- Pulped Garbage - pulped, ground, or comminuted garbage capable of passing through a
screen.
- Special Area - a sea area where, for recognized technical reasons in relation to its
oceanographic and ecological condition and to the character of its sea traffic, enhanced
efforts are required to minimize pollution from ships.

CHT Systems:
- Collecting, Holding, and Transfer (CHT) system – a Type III MSD used for handling
sewage and graywater
- Personnel who are assigned to operate this system must be fully qualified/trained,
NAVEDTRA 43199 series. (VCHT needs a JQR)
- Supervisors of the system must attend the Shipboard Sewage CHT course.
- Has three modes of operations:
- While transiting a restricted zone (0 to 3 NM from shore), sewage drains are
routed to the holding tanks and graywater drains are diverted overboard.
- While inport the transfer deck connections are connected to the receiving facility
(or barge) using sewage hoses. Both sewage and graywater drains are routed back
to the holding tank.
- When operating at sea, outside restricted waters (greater than 3 NM from shore),
the CHT system will be set up to divert discharges from both sewage and
graywater drains directly overboard.

Pollution Control Discharge Restrictions for Sewage (blackwater):

- B/n 0 and 3NM: No discharge from CHT, unless emergency.
- B/n 3 to 12 NM: Direct discharge permitted, if country/port authorizes it. (can check
SOFA)
- Greater than 12 NM: dump it! Direct discharge permitted.
Discharge Restrictions for Graywater:
- 0 to 3 NM: If no pierside connections available, discharge over the side.
- Greater than 3 NM: direct discharge permitted, if port/host nation allows.

Toxic Gas
- Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is the most likely hazard in CHT. It is toxic and can be
explosive.
- All CHT tanks and piping are designated IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and
Health), IAW NSTM 074.
- Use of an aeration system eliminates high chances of H2S accumulation, must be
operated w/in 3 NM of shore and inport, if greater than 2,000 gallons.
- If less than 2,000 gallon capacity, systems should have strainers prior to the holding
tank, that reduces H2S production.
- If no installed H2S detectors, portable detectors must be available. Should be able to
detect 0 to 50 ppm.

Air Pollution Emissions:

- Inport, ships must minimize operation of boilers and diesel engines by using shore
provided hotel services, if operational requirements permit.
- Ship must only use approved solvents, paints, fuels, lubricants, and chemicals.
- If AC&R systems have 50 lbs refrigerant or more must keep records of refrigerant logs
for minimum of 3 years, and meet the following annual performance goals:
- Max annual leakage rate of 15% of total installed refrigerant charge of air
conditioning equipment.
- Max annual leakage rate of 35% of total installed refrigerant charge of ship stores
and cargo refrigeration.
- All AC&R technicians who perform maintenance on AC&R equipment must be EPA
certified.
- Anybody who handles or does maintenance on ODS systems must receive training on
each system.

Oil and Oily Waste:

- Don’t discharge, unless in an emergency situation. If discharge happens, log it in the
Engineering Log. Log the position (coordinates), date and time, what was discharged,
amount discharged, and the cause, if known.
- If discharge occurs w/in 12 NM of US, must be treated as a OHS spill, and USCG must
be contacted.
- Discharge Restrictions:
- 0 to Forever NM: No sheen! Less than 15 ppm oil from the OWS.
- Foreign countries: follow their guidance.
- For ships w/o an operating OWS but with an OWT must, when possible, hold tank
contents for shore disposal.
 - If ship must discharge bilge water, must be greater than 50 NM from shore and
ship must be making way.
- Ships must use bilge cleaners that are OWS compatible.
- If oily waste is contaminated by AFFF or solvents or other non-OWS compatible
chemicals, ship must notify the shore facility that is removing it. Ship should educt
contaminated water, if at sea, in emergency situations. As it can not be processed by the
OWS.
- Emergency Dewatering:
- Try not to do it w/in 12 NM of land. Make every effort not to.
- Must make engineering log entry (nature, quantity, geographic location)
- Personnel assigned to supervise and perform oily waste processing and disposal must
complete the Oil Pollution Abatement Equipment Operation and Maintenance course (K
652-2196) prior to assuming these duties, and NAVEDTRA 43195 PQS.

Oil Spill Response:

- Ship must maintain a minimum of one oil spill response kit for overboard spills.
- Onboard spills will be contained with the HM spill kit.
- Each ship will develop a Shipboard Oil Spill Contingency Plan (SOSCP)
- Should be reviewed annually, and drills done annually, w/ each duty section.
- On petty officer in each inport fire party and each repair party must qualify as oil
spill cleanup supervisor w/in 6 months of assignment. (NAVEDTRA 43704, 324).
- For environmentally significant spills anywhere resulting from catastrophic events,
causing significant adverse public reaction, having geopolitical implications, or for other
causes warranting Operations Event and Incident Report (OPREP 3) ships must:
- Make the initial report by the OPREP 3 system.
- Following the OPREP 3 report, the cognizant fleet or shoreside NOSC must
forward an amplifying report.

Hazardous Materials (HM):

- Ships must implement CHRIMP.
- All HM must be managed by the ship’s HAZMINCEN
- Ships must maintain used or excess HM aboard for shore disposal. Only discharge if
safety of crew/ship mandates.
- Discharge Restrictions:
- 0 to 12 NM: don’t do it.
- Greater than 12 NM/foreign countries: only if permitted by HM Coordinator IAW
Environmental Readiness Program Manual.

Solid Waste (SW, not gunna use that as it looks like sea water):
- Try not to take much plastic out to sea.
- Discharge of plastic is prohibited, unless safety of ship/crew requires it.
- If Discharge is done, ship must report it to OPNAV N45.
- PWP must be used. The following are components of the PWP:
- Plastic Shredder (PS)
 - Compress Melt Unit (CMU)
- Auxiliary Unit (AU)
- Non-Plastic Waste: includes metal, glass, and palpable waste pater, cardboard, food,
and classified documents.
- Should not discharge w/in 3 NM of land
- Can discharge compacted garbage that sinks b/n 12 and 25 NM if water depth is
>1,000 fathoms.
- Greater than 25 NM from land, direct discharge permitted.
- Food, paper, or cardboard must not be processed when the ship is w/in 3 NM of land.
- Discharge Restrictions for Solid Waste:
- 0 to 3 NM: no discharge of any Solid Waste
- Greater than 3 NM: discharge of pulped garbage permitted.
- Greater than 12 NM: discharge of shredded metal and glass permitted (in burlap
bag). (materials that naturally sink should not be shredded prior to discharge)
- Greater than 25 NM: discharge of unprocessed garbage that does not naturally
float is permitted.
- Training of personnel: personnel must complete proper training prior to operating
equipment. PQS NAVEDTRA 43704 must be completed w/in 7 days of being assigned
duty.

Uniform National Discharge Standards (UNDS)

- The UNDS program establishes national discharge standards for vessels of the Armed
Forces that operate nationwide in coastal and inland waters.
- All commands must assign and UNDS Person in Charge (PIC).
- Navy vessels are required to comply with UNDS for use of an MPCD for the following
11 discharges:
- AFFF
- Chain Locker Effluent
- Distillation and reverse osmosis brine
- Elevator pit effluent
- GT water wash
- Non-oily machinery wastewater
- Photographic laboratory drains
- Seawater Cooling overboard discharge
- Seawater piping biofouling prevention
- Small boat engine wet exhaust
- Well deck discharges
- Requirements for UNDS records only apply to discharges in waters within 12 NM from
the nearest land of the U.S
- REcords must be retained on board for 5 years.

Heat Stress
References:
 1. Navy Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat,
OPNAVINST 5100.19 (Chapter B2)
2. NAVMED P-5010-3
3. ATG Toolbox

Definition: Any combination of air temperature, thermal radiation, humidity, airflow, workload,
and health conditions that may stress the body as it attempts to regulate body temperature.

Ships must not expose personnel to excessive heat stress and must provide a shipboard work
environment that minimizes the probability of such exposure.

Main heat stress environments:

- Machinery spaces
- Laundries
- Galleys
- Sculleries
- Incinerator rooms
- Flight Deck
- Steam catapult rooms

Things that influence heat stress environments:

- Operations in hot and humid climates
- Difficult physical tasks
- Steam and wa ter leaks
- Boiler air casing leaks
- Missing or deteriorated thermal insulation
- Ventilation system deficiencies

Things that influence humans to be more susceptible to heat stress:

- Dehydration
- Lack of sleep
- Illness
- Use of medication
- Use of drugs
- Alcohol

Heat acclimation takes ~3 weeks to be achieved.

Heat injuries:
- Heat Rash: caused by heat stress exposure. Usually appears as red bumps on the neck,
groin area, or under the arms. Removing the person from heat stress or applying cooling
water or non-greasy lotion can help relieve heat rash.
 - Heat Cramps: painful cramps, can effect extremities or abdomen. Normally during
vigorous activity. Will normally reduce after activity has stopped. Electrolytes can help
reduce cramps. Remove from space, sip water or sports drink.
- Heat Exhaustion: caused by salt depletion and dehydration. Signs include: profuse
sweating, headache, nausea, vomiting, and tingling sensations. Can lead to
unconsciousness.
- Skin will be clammy and pale, pulse will be weak and rapid, pupils dilated, blood
pressure normal to low, body temp will be normal.
- To treat: rest and fluids. Remove from heat stress environment, if they collapse,
raise their feet.
- Heat stroke: thermo regulatory system fails to function. Symptoms: unconsciousness,
convulsions, delirium, and possible death
- Skin will be hot and dry, pulse will be rapid, pupils constricted, blood pressure
elevated, body temp elevated.
- Treatment: low body temperature as quickly as possible. Immerse patient in
water/ice ASAP if possible. Take to hospital immediately.
Responsibilities:
- Commanding Officer: establish and enforce and effective heat s tress policy.
- Review and initial heat stress surveys that result in reduced stay times, daily.
- Conduct inquiries in the event that heat injuries occur that result in
unconsciousness.
- Report to ISIC material deficiencies that need off ship assistance that causes
heat stress environments.
- Report heat stress related cases.
- Ensure two WBGT meters are available on-board ships that do not have AHSS
installed. Or one WBGT with ships that do have AHSS.

- Medical Department Representative (MDR):

- Review heat stress surveys to verify accuracy, PHEL stay times, and any
actions to mitigate.
- Provide training to divisions on heat stress hazards, symptoms, prevention, and
first aid, upon request.
- Prepare reports of heat stress related cases.

- Engineering Officer
- Ensure DBs are installed and temps monitored and recorded
- Assign and qualify personnel to conduct heat stress surveys in engineering
spaces, review DB temperatures or access AHSS readings and take required
actions.
- Review heat stress surveys and ensure stay times for engineering/reactor
personnel are being properly determined. Unless emergency dictated by CO.
- If maintenance or repair is required, record all heat stress related deficiencies on
the CSMP.
 - SUPPO, Air Boss, and other DHs must:
- Same as Cheng, just not in engineering spaces.

- DIVO:
- Limit personnel heat exposure as required.

- Heat Stress surveyors Must: be qualified w/ PQS IAW NAVEDTRA 43460-4B.

- All personnel must complete heat stress training upon reporting aboard.

Terminology:
- DB Thermometer - measures temperature (temp not due to radiant heat).
- Wet Bulb (WB) thermometer - measures dew point (temp corresponding to 100%
relative humidity). Similar to DB thermometer, except that a wet wick is fitted closely over
the bulb.
- Globe Thermometer (GT) - measures temp with respect to radiant heat.
- WBGT meter - combinest DB, WB, and GT measurements to produce a single number,
called the WBGT index.
- AHSS - like WBGT, but installed in the spaces, and prints out heat stress information.
- Monitoring - observing and recording temperatures of DB thermometers at specified
watch or work stations.
- Surveys - use a WBGT meter or AHSS to compute WBGT index to determine the
amount of time it is safe to work in a given space.

Know dry bulb requirements: Mounted in a position to accurately represent temperature for the
area where workers/watchstanders spend most of their time.
- Placement may be in or out of the ventilation air stream, but must be hung at least 2ft
from any supply ventilation terminal/opening.
- If DB temp and WBGT differ by >= 5 degrees, DB is not accurate.
- DB hung with non-conductive material, like plastic tie or string.
- Permanently mounted at watch and work stations throughout the ship where heat
stress conditions may exist. Or temporarily hung when repairs or maintenance
are performed in a heat stress area.
- Do not require calibration.
- Located in: main spaces, aux spaces, emergency diesel spaces, eng spaces w/
heat sources, laundry space, dry cleaning plants, sculleries, galleys, bake shops,
steam catapult spaces.
Dry bulbs must be read, and logged on paper logs to be reviewed by space supervisor:
- Every 4 hours for manned spaces if DB temps do not exceed 85 degrees F.
- Every hour for manned spaces if DB temps exceed 85 degrees F.
- Every hour at temporary installations where the DB temp exceeds 85F during repair or
maintenance operations.

Automatic Heat Stress System (AHSS) Units: Awesome if you have it.
Know there is 6 PHEL curves
Physiological Heat Exposure LImit (PHEL): provides the applicable stay times allowed for a
specified WBGT reading.
- The navy has developed six PHEL curves, each applying to a different work rate,
ranging from light work (PHEL I) to heavy work (PHEL VI).
- The more strenuous the job, the shorter the allowable exposure time.
- Examples of light work: Sweeping, painting, changing L/O strainers, bleeding hydraulic
oil.
- Examples of heavy work: needle gunning/wire brushing, handling cargo/supplies,
replacing large valves, cleaning L/O sumps, handling large or heavy equipment.
- For types of work not presented in the PHEL curve general applicability table, the MDR
must consult the Manual of Naval Preventative Medicine, Ch 4.
- Engineering normally under PHEL curve II or III.
- PHEL curves were made for healthy people with:
- Adequate rest (6hrs of continuous sleep w/in last 24 hrs)
- Adequate water intake
- Adequate recovery time from the previous heat stress exposure (2hrs of recovery
for every 1hr of exposure or 4hrs, whichever is shortest).

Know when to do a heat stress survey

- Ships must use the WBGT or AHSS to conduct these surveys.
- Performed:
- at all manned watch/work stations w/in the space whenever the temperature from
a permanently mounted hanging DB thermometer reaches or exceeds the
following requirements:
- PHEL I - III:
- Watch/work length 4hrs or less - space DB temperature >= to
100F
- Watch/work length greater than 4hrs - space DB temp >= 90F
- PHEL IV - VI:
- Space DB temp >= 85F
- In any space when a heat injury occurs
- Prior to conducting Engineering drills >3hrs
- CO requires.
- As required for follow on surveys

Follow-on Surveys: are accomplished for the remainder of the day once a heat stress survey
has been conducted. W/ WBGT. Conducted in engineering spaces when:
- If space DB temp increases more than 5F
- If PHEL stay time is less than normal watch length, also do a follow on survey if space
temp DB decreases below previous heat stress survey.
Conducted in non-engineering spaces when:
- If in a space where WB and DB temps are not monitored:
 - Conducted prior to end of current manned watch or work period.
- Each watch or work period, until heat stress conditions no longer exist.
- Spaces where WB and DB temps are monitored:
- Only if DB increases more than 5F and/or WB increases more than 3F.

When doing the logs:

- Ensure that:
- WB is less than DB
- GT is greater than or equal to DB
- WB is less than WBGT
- WBGT is less than GT.
- Manually calculate the WBGT index using the formula:
WBGT = (0.1xDB) + (0.7xWB) + (0.2xGT)
- The calculated WBGT must be w/in 0.2F of the given WBGT from the meter. (manual
calculation not required from AHSS).
- Any watch rotations that are greater than the PHEL stay times must have their
temperature readings circled in red. Notify space supervisors or applicable DH. CO must
be notified.

Additional Factors that Affect Heat Stress:

- Fuel combustion Gasses (stag gas) and fuel vapors. reduce stay time by 2/3rd (divide
current stay time by three).
- Time Weighted Mean (TWM) WBGT values: used in especially hot environments where
reduced stay times have been imposed on watchstanders.
- Is an optional provision, if an air-conditioned booth or cooler space is available.
- When TWM is used, it increases the length of time spent on a watch station.
- Calculation for TWM is below:

Training:
- All hands must receive heat stress training upon reporting aboard.
- Heat-stress surveyors assigned to perform WBGT surveys must complete applicable
PQS w/in 12 weeks of assignment.

Hearing Conservation
References:
1. OPNAVINST 5100.19
2. BUMEDNOTE 6260
3. Hearing Conservation Program (HCP), DODINST 6055.12
4. ATG Toolbox

Hearing Conservation Program (HCP)

 - Noise induced hearing loss is the fleet’s number one occupational health hazard.
- Sailors in HCP require yearly audiograms.

Responsibilities:
- Commanding Officer must ensure the HCP is established and maintained w/in the
command.
- Safety Officer must:
- Request IH surveys conducted
- Maintain record of noise hazardous areas and equipment.
- Ensure that all permanent threshold shifts (PTS) that meet recordkeeping criteria
are reported by medical departments.
- DIVOs must:
- Ensure personnel exposed to hazardous noise have and properly use hearing
protection.
- Ensure that a space or piece of equipment that is designated as noise hazardous
is properly posted and labeled
- Ensure PPE is properly worn when required.
- Ensure personnel report for audiograms and training
- Ensure that personnel who require hearing retests due to STS are excluded from
hazardous noise areas for at least 14 hrs before scheduled test.
- Hearing protection may not be used to meet this requirement
- Coordinate w/ MDR to identify personnel routinely exposed to hazardous levels
of occupational noise.
- Medical Department Representative (MDR):
- Coordinate w/ Divos to identify Sailors who work in noise hazardous areas.
- Conduct training for all hands during indoc that includes the elements of the
HCP:
- Proper wearing and maintenance of hearing protection devices.
- Command program and individual responsibilities.
- Individual’s responsibility in protecting their own hearing, and how hearing
loss affects career progression, job performance, and mission.
- Ensure annual training for HCP personnel is conducted.
- Consult the command IH survey
- Schedule personnel in HCP for annual audiometric testing.
- Ensure that personnel who require hearing retests due to STS are excluded from
hazardous noise areas for at least 14 hrs before scheduled test.
- Ensure all calibration of required audiometers and audiometric test chambers is
done.
- Report all STS and enter into RMI.
- All personnel must:
- Comply with hazardous noise warning labels, and wear PPE.
- Get audiograms if needed.

Noise Measurement and Exposure Assessment:

 - Done by an Industrial Hygienist.
- IH surveys conducted when:
- IH survey has not been performed (required every 24 months, waiverable up to
36 months).
- The ship has completed a repair availability with significant work done on
engineering systems.
- New equipment has been installed.

Labeling of hazardous noise areas and equipment:

- NAVMED 6260/2 (version A for small labels) hazardous noise warning decal.
- Placed outside of doors/hatches leading into a noise hazardous area, with exception of
the weather deck area. Should be posted at the entrance door/hatch to the weatherdeck.
- Also placed on noise hazardous portable producing tools/equipment.

Typical areas and equipment that classify as hazardous noise areas and equipment:
- Galley and scullery
- Compressed air
- Grinders
- Ventilation
- Electric motors
- Emergency diesels
- Needle guns

Noise Abatement:
- actions recommended by the industrial hygienist or resulting from Board of Inspection
and Survey (INSURV) inspections must be documented and implemented as soon as
possible

Hearing Protective Devices:

- Single hearing protection:
- Single flange earplugs: NRR 25 dB
- Triple flange earplugs: NRR 26 dB
- Quad flange earplugs: NRR 25 dB
- Combat earplugs: NRR 22+ dB
- Hand-formed earplugs (foamies): NRR 29 to 33 dB
- Headband ear canal caps: NRR 18 dB
- Circumaural muffs: NRR 25 to 35 dB (normally worn as a second hearing
protection)
- Double hearing protection:
- Done by combining any of the earplugs with the muffs.
- Clean your stuff. Don’t let it get nasty.

Hearing Protection Requirements:

 - Single required: 85 dB continuous and 140 dB impact.
- Double required: 96 dB continuous and 165 dB impact.

Hearing Testing and Medical Evaluation:

- Done annually for those in the HCP, upon entry into the service, and upon exiting
service.
- Significant Threshold Shift (STS): a change in hearing averaging 10 dB or more at
2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 Hz in either ear.
- If STS is found, personnel must retest, with at least 14 hrs away from a noise hazardous
environment. An auditory rest.
- First follow-up: if no STS is found, personnel shall receive training on hearing protection.
- If STS still exists, more tests will be run to see the health of the personnels ears.
- Second follow-up: if no STS is found, personnel shall receive training on hearing
protection.
- If STS still exists, the health care provider will refer the individual for diagnostic
evaluation or consultation with an audiologist. Permanent Threshold Shift (PTS)
is determined.
- PTS, establishes a new reference point for future hearing tests. Does not change the
baseline that was established with first audiogram upon entering the service.

Training:
- Training is required prior to working in noise hazardous areas, or working with noise
hazardous equipment or tools, and annually thereafter. Training should include:
- Effects of noise on hearing
- Designated noise hazardous areas and equipment
- Proper use/maintenance of hearing protective devices
- Necessity for periodic hearing testing
- Mandatory requirements to wear assigned PPE and administrative actions for
failure to comply
- Off-duty hearing health hazards
- Effects of hearing loss
- Communication in high-noise environments

Recordkeeping:
- MDR uploads to RMI:
- Current roster of personnel in HCP.
- Schedule of audiograms.
- Any STS averaging 10 dB or more at 2, 3, and 4 kHz in one or both ears.

Know when audiograms are done: yearly if on the hearing conservation program, upon entry
into the navy and upon exit of the navy.

How long IH surveys are good for: 24 months, or waiverable up to 36 months

When they are required: IH survey has not been performed or repair availability w/ significant
work on engineering systems or new equipment has been installed.

Who is responsible for the significant threshold shift. DIVO.

Who is responsible for proper posting of the hearing placard. DIVO

Electrical Fundamentals and Safety

References:
1. NSTM 300 Electric Plant
2. Electrician’s Mate, NAVEDTRA 14344 (series)
3. NEETS, Module 1 - Matter, Energy, and Direct Current, NAVEDTRA 14173
4. NEETS, Module 2 - Alternating Current and Transformers, NAVEDTRA 14174
5. NEETS, Module 5 - Generators and Motors, NAVEDTRA 14177
6. NSTM 310, Electric Power Generators and Conversion Equipment
7. OPNAVINST 5100.19 (series)
8. EDORM
9. ATG Toolbox

Voltage: symbol V or E in these notes, measured in Volts, (V).

Current: the flow of electrons, symbol I, measured in Amps, (A).
Resistance: opposition to the flow of current. Symbol R, measured in Ohms (Ω)
Load: the piece of equipment that needed to be powered. Puts a load on the electrical plant
Source: the source of power, like a switchboard, generator, etc.
Circuit: three main components, load, source, and switch.
Conductor: supports the flow of electricity.
Diagram of symbols:

Ohm’s Law: basics of the relationship between current (I), voltage (V), and resistance (R):
- V = IR, can be written as,
 - I = V/R
- R = V/I

Connected in Series: connected along a single path.

- Load is shared equally by all components w/in the circuit.
- Grounds are harder to identify in this system.

Connected in Parallel: connected through multiple paths.

- The load is not equally shared by all generators in this circuit.
- Allows for higher survivability of the system
- Grounds are easier to detect.

Short Circuits:
- Current travels along an unintended path, doesn’t allow flow to the required equipment.
- Electricity is lazy, it will follow the path of least resistance.
- Shorts can cause fires, and are very dangerous.

Open Circuits:
- When there is a gap between conductors, or known as an infinite resistance along the
circuit. This resists flow of current. So, nothing will flow.

Inductance: an electrical conductor that opposes any change in current. Typically turns electrical
energy into magnetic energy. Symbol L, measured in Henry (H).
- Blocks the flow of AC, while allowing DC to pass. Used often in electric filters.
- Can be used to stop sudden spikes in current to reach the load.
- Three different types, Air core, iron core, and ferrite core.

Capacitance: stores energy when a charge is put through it. Helps regulate voltage spikes to
equipment. Much more commonly used than inductors, due to their cheaper make. Symbol C,
measured in Farad (F).
- Equipment that contains capacitors can be dangerous long after it has been secured due
to the stored charge w/in the capacitor. Shock hazard. Always ground (shorting probe)
equipment after de-energizing.

Alternating Current (AC): current that constantly changes in amplitude and reverses direction in
regular intervals.
- Three factors needed to produce AC: Conductor, magnetic field, and relative motion b/n
the two.
- In terms of a Generator: conductor is the stator (armature), magnetic field is produced by
the rotor (field windings), and the relative motion is provided by the prime mover,
connected to the rotor shaft.
- Navy ships use mostly AC.

AC Generators:
 - Two different types:
- Rotating Field, Stationary Armature Generator, good for high voltage, and no
chance of arc-over and short circuits.
- Stationary Field, Rotating Armature Generator, not good for high voltage, does
have the risk of short circuits and arc-over
- Typically have a smaller DC generator built in known as the Exciter. Intended to initially
flash the magnetic field to start power production.
- The faster the rotation speed, the higher the frequency. The more poles on a rotor, the
higher the frequency for a given speed.

Single-Phase vs Three-Phase Generators:

- Single-Phase: single north and south pole, creates a highly fluctuating AC power. Used
only to power light loads, like portable appliances.
- Three-Phase: three north and south poles (three single-phase windings) spaces apart,
so that the electricity generated is 120 degrees off of its counterpart phases. Making a
much more succinct flow of power.
- Most ships have AC power distributed by a three-phase, three-wire, 450-V, 60-Hertz
(Hz) system.
- Load gets stepped down to 117 V.

Power: symbol is P, measurement is watt (W)

- DC circuit, P = VI.
- AC circuit, P = VI, only if the current and voltage are in phase. There are three types of
power for an AC circuit:
- True Power: (W), is the power associated w/ the total resistance in the circuit.
- Reactive Power: (KVAR), is the power returned to the source by the reactive
components of the circuit.
- Apparent Power: (VA), is the power that appears to the source because of the
circuit impedance and is the combination of true power and reactive power.
- Power Factor (PF): the portion of the apparent power dissipated in a circuit and is shown
as a decimal or percentage.
- PF = True Power / Apparent power 0.8 = 80 / 100 0.8 PF is standard.

Transformers: step up/step down.

- is a device that has no moving parts and transfers energy from one circuit to another by
electromagnetic induction. The energy is always transferred without a change in
frequency, but usually with changes in voltage and current.

Selective and Selected Tripping:

- Tripping is done so as not to overload the generators.
- Selective Tripping: pre-programmed (automated) response to an overload. Obtained by
coordination of the time-current characteristic of the protective devices so that the
breaker closest to the fault will open first.
- The breaker farthest from the fault, and closest to the generator will open last.
 - Selected Tripping: manual tripping of a breaker or switch. All human controlled.

Electrical Systems:
- Navy ships are an ungrounded electrical system, because: Ungrounded systems provide
a limited amount of current when one phase is faulted to ground, and thus allow critical
equipment to continue operation until steps can be taken to remove the fault.
- Particular systems on a Naval ship are grounded, but are isolated from the
ungrounded power system at the upstream supply transformer.
- Grounded systems, if there is a fault, will typically trip a breaker/blow a fuse. Not the best
for critical systems on a ship.
- Naval ships are NOT a perfectly ungrounded system. Hence, shocks can still happen.

Ground Detectors:
- They are located on switchboards, lighting panels, and power panels.
- A set of three ground detector lamps are connected through transformers to the main
bus of each ship’s service switchgear group.
- If one light goes out of the three, then there is a ground on that phase. If one
goes dull, but not out, there could be a high level of impedance, a possible
ground, along the system, or a phase imbalance.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM

Ships or other afloat units can only achieve a safe and healthful working environment through
the full participation and cooperation of all personnel assigned. Establishing and implementing a
comprehensive Electrical Safety Program is achieved through the ship's chain of command.

Responsibilities:
- Commanding Officer: maintain overall responsibility for the Electrical Safety Program.
- Authorize all work on energized equipment.
- Appoint the ship’s SO and ESO in writing.
- Ensure all hands are made smart on E-Safety.
- Safety Officer (SO):
- Ensure all newly reported personnel receive E-safety training.
- Coordinate w/ ELECTRO(ESO) and EMO to provide this training.
- Electrical Safety Officer (ESO):
- Establish an electrical tool issue room.
- Ensure applicable maintenance and repairs are conducted on all portable tools
kept in the tool issue room.
- Ensure that the on-board CPR instructor is certified.
- Verify that all electrical tools and equipment received on board are authorized for
shipboard use
- Complete E-safety training.
- SUPPO:
 - Ensure all electrical tools and equipment received on board are turned over to
the ESO for a safety inspection.
- DIVOs:
- Ensure divisional personnel receive training in electrical safety.
- Ensure that all portable electrical equipment is visually inspected prior to use and
is electrically safety checked according to the applicable PMS.
- Verify that all personal electrical and electronic equipment is authorized for
shipboard use.
- Ensure required personnel receive CPR training.
- Ensure items purchased or received from Navy supply are authorized for
shipboard use and electrically safety checked.
- Ensure all personnel experiencing electric shock report to medical.
- All Hands:
- Always observe all posted operating instructions and safety precautions.
- Request permission prior to bringing personal (plug-in-able) electrical/electronic
equipment aboard.
- Immediately report any condition, equipment, or material that is believed to be
unsafe.
- Caution others to observe safety precautions.
- Report to the supervisor any injury obtained in the course of their work.
- Not make any alterations or additions to the ship’s electrical system.
- Exercise caution in the event of an emergency, where damaged equipment or
abnormal operating conditions could produce additional, unseen hazards.

Electric Shock:
- Current, not voltage, is the measurement for shock intensity. Measured in mA.
- Shock usually occurs as a result ofequipment degradation, human error, carelessness,
or failure to use PPE.
- Effects and symptoms of electric shock:
- Death, cardiac arrest
- Falling, cuts, burns, or other impacts.
- can turn pale or blue, have weak or absent pulse or breathing, be unconscious,
have burns, or become rigid from muscular reaction
- Death can occur from a current as low as 100mA (0.1 A), if exposed for more than 1
second
- 1 mA can be felt, 10 mA can cause involuntary muscle contractions.
- Treating it:
- Don’t touch them while they are still connected to the source.
- Remove quickly from the energized circuit. De-energize if possible. If not, use
non-conductive material to remove the victim.
- If victim is breathing, keep them warm and lying down. Do not allow movement
until medical personnel get there.
- If not breathing, perform CPR (by a CPR-certified person).
- Do not administer first aid until checking for serious bleeding/injuries.
 - NOTE: 50% of all electrical/electronic ratings must be CPR qualified.
- Arc Flash: current passes through air gaps. Exceedingly dangerous. Insulation
breakdown can allow the current to jump an air gap to a conductive surface (ie. human
body. Hence why we de-metal)
- Handling conductive objects close to exposed energized conductors or circuits
can cause arc flash.
- Temps can reach 30,000 F…
- Arc Blast: so much worse. the severity of an arc or short circuit current causes
destructive heating and explosive vaporization of the surrounding air and metal in the
current’s path.
- Flash Protection Boundaries (FPB) define the unobstructed distance from exposed
energized circuits w/in which unprotected skin could receive a second degree burn if an
arc flash were to occur. Wear proper arc flash PPE if w/in FPB.
- 30 to 1,000 V, the FPB distance is 4 ft
- 1,000 to 5,000 V, the FPB distance is 11 ft.
- 5,000 V or greater, the FPB distance is 13 ft.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

- Gloves - cotton liners, rubber gloves, and leather protectors (for high-voltage circuits).
Rubber gloves are rated at different voltages. Maximum safe use voltage classification
must be greater than or equal to the lin-to-line voltage rating of the circuit on which they
are to be used.
- Safety shoes - special electrical hazards soles are used to guard against shock.
- Head and Face protection - face shields, hard hat + face shields, and safety goggles.
Face shields are not eye protection, they are face protection. Goggles must be worn too.
- Body protection - Arc flash suits, rubber aprons, insulating blankets, floor matting, and
non-conductive safety ropes.
- Protection broken down by voltage:
- Low voltage requires 12 cal suits, gloves, and masks
- High voltage - requires 40 cal suits, gloves, and masks.

Tool Issue Room:

- Ships must establish a centralized portable electrical tool issue room for the issue of
portable electrical tools.
- Visual inspections and quarterly safety testing of equipment must be done prior to
issuing of equipment.
- Personnel receiving tools must receive a safety brief on general precautions for portable
electrical equipment, as well as issue any required PPE.
- Certain divisions or work-centers may retain selected electrical tools or equipment in
their permanent custody.
- Housekeeping tools (ie. vacuums) are not permitted in tool issue.
- OOC equipment must be locked in a separate storage space.
- Insulated work bench:
- All working surfaces must be covered w/ ⅜ -in of insulation.
 - The insulation material must be intact with no damage, cracks, or joint separation
that exposes underlying metal.
- Exposed metal surfaces below the top working surface must be insulated with
plastic laminate 1/32-in. to 1/8-in. thick.
- The insides of the drawers and shelves do not need to be covered.
- Drawers are to remain closed while working on energized equipment.
- The shelf area beneath the drawer is normally open on the standard work bench.
- Only the fronts of the shelves are required to be insulated.
- An alternative to insulating the fronts of the shelves is to install a door over the
opening.
- Electrical grade sheet deck covering must be installed in front of insulated work
benches, on the kneehole foot rest, and if either end of the work bench is
accessible to personnel, cover the deck at the end(s) of the work bench.
- A minimum of one electrically safe work bench is required in the tool room.
- Downgraded work benches require approval and direction of the CO and must be
approved DFS.

Portable Electrical Tools:

- General safety precautions must be observed: rubber gloves worn IAW markings,
leather gloves worn if work could tear rubber gloves. As needed, wear eye protection,
hearing protection.
- Ensure the cord isn’t frayed, damaged, has a broken/damaged plug, or has been user
repaired or spliced.
- Extension cords: do not join cords longer than 25 ft, and never more than two joined
together. Single-length extension cords up to 100 ft are permissible.

Personally-owned equipment:
- If approved by the ESO to remain on board, must be tagged. Acceptable tagging
methods are:
- Use of tag
- Use of color-coded tape
- Use of a self-adhering sticker
- Prohibited equipment are:
- Fans
- Extension cords
- Reading lamps
- Electric blankets
- Heating pads/lamps
- Personal hot plates or griddles
- Personal microwave ovens/electric heater/refrigerators/AC unit
- Electric clock radios, unless they have a built in isolation power transformer.

Working on Energized Equipment:

- When repair or maintenance must be performed on energized circuits or equipment,
specific requirements must be observed. The energized equipment work requirements
are found in NSTM Chapter 300, Electric Plant – General, shown below:

- Note: damaged/deranged equipment is considered energized.

- CO’s permission is required when working on energized equipment.
- All affected personnel must be properly briefed on the scope of work being conducted,
safety/hazards, and be fully qualified.
- Never work alone.
- Work should only be done when absolutely necessary. System should be de-energized
to the maximum allowance, tagged out appropriately.
- Personnel must be electrically safe. (no watches, rings, chains, etc.)
- Insulate the deck or standing surface.
- Use only one hand to work, if practical.
- Wear PPE and use insulated tools.
- Minimize access to the energized work areas to keep unauthorized personnel at a safe
distance.
- For work greater than 300 V a safety line or equivalent must be attached to the worker.
- Take the following extra precautions when the nature of the work is particularly
hazardous and provides increased risk of contact with an energized conductor:
- Station personnel with communications so that the circuit or switchboard can be
de-energized immediately in an emergency.
- Personnel must be properly supervised while performing particularly hazardous
work.
 - Supervisors must not be involved in the actual work but must ensure that the
work is performed safely and that procedures and all safety precautions are
followed.
- Provide insulated barriers between the work and any metal parts adjacent to the
work area

Visual Inspections of Energized equipment:

- Inspection of non-damaged equipment are required in times such as when corrective or
preventive maintenance, testing, ship checks, tag-out audits, thermal imaging are
performed.
- Defined as an inspection of energized equipment, circuitry, or components within an
enclosure with no physical contact made with energized components or circuit mounted
inside the enclosure
- Personnel may not break the plane.
- At a minimum, the following precautions must be taken:
- Visual inspection of energized equipment of 700 V or more requires NAVSEA
approval.
- CO’s or designated representative’s, permission is required unless the inspection
is scheduled as part of routine maintenance, inspections, or as part of tag-out
validation
- Remove all metal and loose clothing.
- Consideration should be given to having two persons present during the
inspection, especially if the equipment is in a hard to access location or
unmanned space.
- Erect a barrier at least two ft from the electrical plane of the equipment.
- The barrier may be a person, physical barrier, rope, or any other
means to prevent access to the immediate area around the equipment.
- Do not take uninsulated tools or equipment inside this boundary.
- This requirement is not applicable for thermal imaging cameras in order
to gain access to all internal components for thermal imaging within the
enclosure.
- At no point should any portion of the inspector’s body or any tools come within
the electrical plane of the equipment.
Working on energized equipment less than or equal to 30 V.
- Although energized, the voltage involved presents minimal risk to personnel.
- Therefore, only general safety practices apply which are intended to protect sensitive
electrical equipment from damage.
- The CO, or designated representative, may generate a list of components that present
no accessible voltages greater than 30 V to personnel during routine operations based
on evaluations of approved technical manuals or drawings, and/or voltage checks in
order to invoke these requirements on those components.

Fuse Removal and Replacement:

 - Fuses are safety devices installed in power and lighting circuits and in control circuits to
protect the equipment and circuits from damage due to excessive current
- Fuses are identified by their markings on the ferrule
- Fuses must not be removed or replaced in a circuit under load except for specific
scenarios regarding critical equipment and dead-front fuses.
- Even with fuses and fuse holder carriages removed, a hazardous electrical potential may
still exist at the fuse holder power connections
- When a fuse is removed from a circuit, it must be replaced with a fuse of the proper type
(A, B, or C). Never replace a fuse with a higher-rated fuse, or different material (silver
replace silver)
- Fuses should be removed or replaced only when the circuit is verified de-energized. The
following procedure is used to remove or replace fuses in de-energized circuits:
- Ensure fuse panel is tagged-out
- Verify panel is de-energized
- Remove and replace fuse.
- Clear tags and energize equipment. If fuse blows again, then fault must be
troubleshot and corrected prior to installing new fuse. Do not go with next higher
fuse current rating.
- Removing/Replacing fuses in energized systems only happen when:
- De-energizing the system would cause the loss of critical equipment. (i.e, critical
fuse list.)
- Fuses in plastic-insulated fuse holders (dead-front fuses).
- The circuit is 1,000 V or less
- Fuse holders are in good condition.
- Fuse holders have not been modified
- 10 A or less circuits
- If it is rated at more than 10 A, load must not exceed 10 A during the
work.

CASREP
References:
1. NWP 1-03.1 (series)
2. NTP 3 (series)
3. JFMM Volume VI, COMUSFLTFORCOMINST 4790.3 (series)

Casualty Report (CASREP) overview: Casualty definition: an equipment malfunction or

deficiency taht cannot be corrected within 48hrs (must report w/in 24hrs of finding casualty) and
falls into one or more of he following categories:
- Reduces the unit’s ability to perform a primary mission.
- Reduces the unit’s ability to perform a secondary mission (CAT 2)
- Reduces a training command’s ability to provide a major segment of its program and
cannot be corrected relatively quickly by local action alone.
When CASREPs are reported, it may result in the degradation fo a unit;s readiness.

As long as a CASREP’s cause is “Normal Wear and Tear”, a Mishap Report is not required.

CASREP Categories: The category reflects the urgency or priority of the casualty.
- CAT 2 - a deficiency exists in mission essential equipment that causes minor
degradation in any primary mission, or a major degradation or total loss of a secondary
mission.
- CAT 3 - A deficiency exists in mission essential equipment that causes a major
degradation but not the loss of a primary mission.
- CAT 4 - a deficiency exists in mission essential equipment that is worse than casualty 3
and causes a loss of at least one primary mission.

CASREP Decision Tree:

CASREP Format: has a standard format, found in the instruction.

Types of CAREPs:
- Initial CASREP: identifies, to an appropriate level of detail, the status of the casualty,
repair parts (if parts required), and whatever assistance may be necessary. Can have an
ASSIST set to notify that outside assistance is needed.
- UPdate CASREP: used to report updates or continuation of the need of the original
CASREP. Can be submitted when:
- There is a need to complete any information reporting requirements or to revise
previously submitted information.
- Casualty situation has changed.
- Additional malfunctions are discovered on the same equipment.
- All repair parts have been received. Or significant parts are received, with date of
receipt.
- CASCOR: is submitted when equipment has been placed back in operational condition.
- CASCAN: is submitted when equipment that has been the subject of casualty reporting
is scheduled to be repaired during an overhaul period or other scheduled availability.
- Do not CASCAN items that are not getting fixed in an availability.

CASREPs are for specific pieces of equipment. If there are multiple casualties on a single piece
of equipment, there is still only one CASREP.
Periodic Updates:
CAT4 - 72hrs
CAT3 - 10 days
CAT2 - 30 days

Distance Support
References:
1. JFMM Volume VI, COMUSFLTFORCOMINST 4790.3 (series)
2. Navy Distance Support Policy, CNO
3. Navy 311 Anchor Desk Web Portal,
https://www.public.navy.mil/spawar/navy311/pages/home.html
4. My Navy Portal (MNP) website, http://my.navy.mil/
5. ATG Toolbox
6. JFMM website, http://www.submepp.navy.mil/jfmm/
7. DC and Fire Protection (DCFM) website, http://dcfpnavy.mil.org/
8. FLTMPS
9. INSURV Website, http://www.public.navy.mil/fltfor/insurv/Pages/defualt.aspx
10. Naval Sea Logistics Center (NSLC) website, https://nslcweb32.nslc.navy.mil/pls/apex/f?
p=100:1120
11. NAVLOGTD website, https://navlogtd.navsses.navy.mil/
12. Navy Integrated Propulsion and Power Generation Web Portal,
https://propulsion.navsses.navy.mil/v2/Default.aspx
13. The source website, http://www.thesource2000.net/
14. Sailor Bob website, http://www.sailorbob.com

The Navy’s Distance Support system sithe fleet’s principal web-based readiness enabler,
facilitating timely technical assistance, knowledge and education tools and logistic support.
- Has technical experts and SMEs in many areas.

Purpose of Distance Support:

- Answers to systematic problems, and technical and personnel questions.
- Resolutions to logistics problems and supply issues to increase operational readiness.
- Improved equipment operability and maintainability resulting in reduced shipboard
workload.
- A tuned infrastructure enhancing the quality of service.

Navy 311 Anchor Deck:

- Is the core of the Navy’s Distance support capability and provides the Fleet Forces with
a single point of entry to assist with problem resolution.
- They are basically a directory.
- Can be used for ship’s systems, quality of life, career, manpower and training, and
supply/logistics assistance.

One Touch Support (OTS):

 - For finding parts numbers, availability, and location.

Technical Data Management Information System (TDMIS): https://mercury.tdmis.navy.mil/

- Tracks hard copy and electronic technical manuals.

My Navy Portal (MNP)

- ELearning, FLTMPS, BOL, Community, so many things on there.

Marine Gas Turbine Information System (MGTIS)/Weblog: https://weblog.navy.mil/

- Navy Integrated Propulsion and Power Generation Web Portal.
https://weblog.navy.mil/propulsion
- A technical directory for resources on propulsion equipment.
- Shipboard Automated Maintenance Management (SAMM) provides guides and manuals
for analysis operations.

ATG Toolbox - good for ASA checksheets, requirements, contact information

JFMM - offers an established single, unified source of maintenance requirements.

Naval Logistics Technical Data (NAVLOGTD):

- Provides internet access to EOSS and PMS procedures and requirements.

Board of INSURV - designed to provide all the information and resources to ensure Navy ships
are ready for inspection. NO-NOTICE INSURV inspection will have a 30 day pre-message.
Blue Blazer has the date… shhhh…

FLTMPS - best stalking tool. And offers the ability to quickly access training, manpower, and
personnel reports.

Naval Sea Logistics Center (NSLC) https://eforms.nslc.navy.mil/nslc/f?p=100:33::::::

- Provides data and tracking of trends for equipment and system DFS.

The Source: Full-service, food equipment, and industrial material provider with custom
manufacturing and engineering capabilities.

Sailor Bob: Forum for SWO to share experiences and information.

General Plant Safety

References:
1. OPNAVINST 5100.19 (series)
2. CNSP-CNSLINST 3540.3 (series)
3. NSTM 077
Purpose of the 5100.19 is to provide COs, Safety officers, managers, supervisors, and workers
for afloat commands with a document that gives the guidance and direction necessary to
implement the SOH program.

Broken down into four sections:

- Section A: SOH program administration. This section outlines the overall admin,
organizational, and training aspects of the SOH program, including a statement of policy
and a listing of responsibilities.
- Section B: major hazards specific chapters.
1. Asbestos management
2. Heat Stress
3. Hazardous Material (HM) control and management
4. Noise Abatement and Hearing Conservation
5. Sight conservation
6. Respiratory protection
7. Electrical Safety
8. Gas Free Engineering
9. Non-ionizing radiation safety
10. Lead control
11. Tag-out
12. Personal Protective equipment (PPE)
13. Fall Protection
- Section C - surface ship safety standards.
- Section D - submarine safety standards.

Responsibilities:
- CO must: implement and maintain a continuing SOH program, and designate a Safety
Officer. Serve as the Safety Council chair.
- Safety Officer: Advisor to the CO on SOH matters. Oversee shipwide planning and to
implement the SOH program. Schedule IH surveys, safety inspections, training.
- DH/DIVO/WCS: maintain the SOH program in their own spaces. Personnel and material
safety is sustained.

EDORM provides its own basic requirements for the safe operation of the propulsion plant.

Hazardous Materials (HM):

- Consolidated Hazardous Material Reutilization Inventory Management Program
(CHRIMP): HM control and management program that requires all HM to be centrally
controlled onboard ships.
- Requires the establishment of Hazardous Material Minimization Centers
(HAZMINCEN).
- HAZMINCEN - utilizes facilities, equipment, and procedures to execute CHRIMP.
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) - document that contains potential health effects of exposure to
chemicals or other potentially dangerous substances and on safe working procedures when
handling chemical products. Intended to tell personnel:
- What the hazards of he product are
- How to use the product safely
- What to expect if the recommendations are not followed
- What to do if accidents occur
- How to recognize symptoms of overexposure
- What to do if such incidents occur.

Ships Hazardous Materials LIst (SHML) - master HM authorized use list for surface ships.

EO’s HM responsibilities:
- Assist the XO in semiannual review of the list of HM.
- Ensure HM is retained w/in work centers is required for the operations and maintenance
of assigned equipment and does not exceed the quantity needed to satisfy operational
requirements.

DIVO’s HM responsibilities:
- Ensure NAVSEA-approved, in-space storage lockers are used.
- No more than a seven day supply of the required HM is stored IAW PMS. Longer access
must be authorized by the HM Coordinator, DCA, SafetyO, and XO.
- Ensure HM training is conducted quarterly to division.
- Ensure proper regulations are followed in division to include usage of PPE, returning
excess HM, proper disposal.

Oil and Hazardous Substance (OHS) Spill Response:

- Only personnel trained by the DCA must respond to HM spills.
- The DCA must:
- Develope and implement a Spill Contingency Plan.
- Train and supervise drills
- Maintain the HM oil and spill response kits.

Space Walkthrough Checklists: should be utilized. Ask obvious questions.

Sight Protective Devices:

- Safety glasses/spectacles: worn in ears where there is a possibility of flying objects,
particulates, or dust entering the eye.
- Chemical goggles: these provide the eyes and eye area with protection from liquids,
plashes, mists, vapors, and spray.
- Welding goggles/welding helmet.
- Face shield: provide protection to the face and neck from flying particles, liquids, or
sprays.
 - Face shields alone do not provide adequate protection against these hazards
and must be worn with protective eyewear
- Chipping goggles - protect the eyes from relatively large flying objects generated by
such operations as chipping, lathing, grinding, and chiseling

Respiratory protective devices:

- Many repair and maintenance operations generate air contaminants that are dangerous
if inhaled. When engineering controls (e.g., local exhaust ventilation) are not practical or
feasible, respirators are necessary to assure the protection of personnel
- Air purifying respirators: these remove air contaminants by filtering, or by absorbing
them as the air passes through the cartridge. Adequate (above 19.5%) oxygen must be
present when using these.
- PASP/RASP - used in toxic gas environments.
- SCBA - used when fighting fires, come in 30 min and 45 min bottles. 60 min bottles
coming to the fleet.
- EEBD - good for 10 minutes.

Fire retardant coveralls:

- Use them.

Eye wash stations must be within 100 ft or 10 seconds of watchstation.

Only people who respond to an oils spill are those who are trained and designated.

FOQM ***not done

References:
1. EDORM
2. NSTM 541 Ship Fuel and Fuel Systems
3. NSTM 542, Gasoline and JP-5 Fuel Systems
4. Environmental Readiness Program Manual OPNAV M-5090.1
5. Fuel Management and Navy Energy Usage Reporting System,
COMUSFLTFORCOMINST 4100.3 (series)
6. NEURS, COMPACFLTINST 4100.3 (series)
7. ATG, https://atg.ncdc.navy.mil/toolbox/private/index.htm

Purpose of FOQM: is to establish standardized procedures to ensure quality and accountability

of shipboard F/Os during receipt, transfer, storage, and use.

MPA:
- Serves as the FOQM program manager.
- Proper care, stowage, and use of F/O.
- Operations, maintenance, and security of the F/O system.
 - Maintenance of F/O records
- Daily submission of the Fuel and Water Report.
- Reporting the monthly Navy Energy Usage Reporting System (NEURS) report to the O
via the EO.
- Complete the Petroleum Handling and Testing Course (K-821-2142)

OIl and Water King/Queen:

- Must be E-6 to E-9.
- Primary operator, tester, and record keeper for all actions involving F/O.

CO is responsible for permitting any F/O transfer.

EO is responsible for reviewing, signing, and dating all logs and reports daily, as applicable.

Requirements for logs and reports:

- Ships may use their own format as long as the forms contain at least the information
listed for each log required.
- All F/O long must be retained onboard for a minimum of 2 years.

FOQM Log:
- Log records the samples, tests, and actions taken for the FOQM Program.

Daily Fuel, Oil, and Water Report:

- Routed daily, to the CO or CDO inport. Must be kept onboard at least one month.

Engineering Log: record what ya need here.

Fuel Transfer Memorandum:

- The doctrine is for off-ship and internal delivery/movement of fuel and must be signed by
the CO
- Should be delivered to CO 24hrs prior to the evolution.

JP-5 Fuel Log: records status, tests, transfers and uses of JP-5.

Safety Hazards:
- All fueling operations must always be conducted IAW EOSS, SNOK, FOCL, AFOSS,
etc.
- Avoid having F/O spray, most dangerous, if there is a leak.
- Avoid Direct contact with F/O.

If you have EWARP have a DFS.