What is the Paschal Mystery? and humanity, and His promise to return at What happened during Jesus' crucifixion?

-The Paschal Mystery refers to the suffering, the Second Coming (Parousia). -Jesus was nailed to the cross at Golgotha,
death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus spoke His Seven Last Words, and died at
Why did the chief priests and scribes
Christ, through which He accomplished 3:00 PM.
conspire against Jesus?
salvation for humanity. -The temple curtain was torn, symbolizing
-They saw Jesus as a threat to their
the end of the old covenant and the
authority because of His teachings,
What events led to Jesus' crucifixion? beginning of direct access to God.
miracles, and growing following. They
-Jesus was betrayed by Judas, arrested in
accused Him of blasphemy and sought to
Gethsemane, put on trial before Pilate and Who helped Jesus carry His cross?
have Him executed.
the Sanhedrin, condemned, mocked, -Simon of Cyrene was forced to help Jesus
scourged, and forced to carry His cross to carry His cross on the way to Golgotha.
How did Judas betray Jesus?
Golgotha, where He was crucified.
-Judas Iscariot, influenced by Satan, agreed
Who remained with Jesus at the cross?
to hand Jesus over to the chief priests for 30
What are the Seven Last Words of Jesus? -Most of His disciples fled, but His mother
pieces of silver.
-The Seven Last Words are the final phrases Mary, Mary Magdalene, and John the
-He identified Jesus to the guards in the
spoken by Jesus on the cross, including: Apostle stayed with Him.
Garden of Gethsemane with a kiss.
 "Father, forgive them, for they do
not know what they are doing." What happened after Jesus died?
What was Pontius Pilate’s role in Jesus’
 "It is finished."  A soldier pierced Jesus' side, and
death?
 "Father, into Your hands, I commend blood and water flowed out.
-Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor, found
My Spirit."  Jesus' body was taken down and
no guilt in Jesus but, under pressure from
placed in a tomb by Joseph of
the Jewish leaders and the crowd,
What is the significance of Jesus' Arimathea.
sentenced Him to crucifixion.
resurrection?  A large stone was rolled over the
-He symbolically washed his hands to show
-The resurrection confirms Jesus' divinity, entrance, and Roman guards sealed
he was not responsible for Jesus' death.
fulfills prophecies, and offers believers new the tomb.
life and victory over sin and death.
Why was Jesus crowned with thorns?
-The soldiers mocked Jesus as the "King of
What is the meaning of Jesus' ascension?
the Jews", placing a crown of thorns on His
-Jesus' ascension marks His return to
head, dressing Him in a purple robe, and
heaven, His role as mediator between God What is the significance of the
spitting on Him.
resurrection?
-Jesus' resurrection proves He is the Son of -Peter tried to defend Jesus by cutting off -The curtain of the temple was torn in two,
God, defeats sin and death, and gives the ear of Malchus, a servant of the high symbolizing the end of the Old Covenant
believers hope for eternal life. priest. and that people now had direct access to
-Jesus healed the man and told Peter to put God through Jesus.
What is the meaning of the Parousia? away his sword.
-The Parousia is the Second Coming of What is the significance of Jesus' pierced
Christ, when He will return in glory to judge How did Peter deny Jesus? side?
the living and the dead and renew heaven -Peter denied knowing Jesus three times -A soldier pierced Jesus’ side with a spear,
and earth. after His arrest, as Jesus had predicted. and blood and water flowed out,
-When he heard the rooster crow, he wept symbolizing:
What did Jesus do at the Last Supper? bitterly in remorse.  Blood – The sacrifice of Jesus for our
At the Last Supper, Jesus: sins.
 Instituted the Eucharist by breaking How did Judas die after betraying Jesus?  Water – Baptism and the new life
bread and sharing wine, saying, -Judas regretted his betrayal and returned given through Christ.
"This is my body... this is my blood." the silver coins to the chief priests.
 Washed His disciples' feet, teaching -Overcome with guilt, he hanged himself. Who discovered Jesus' empty tomb?
them humility and service. -Mary Magdalene and other women went
 Predicted His betrayal by Judas and Who was released instead of Jesus? to the tomb and found it empty.
Peter’s denial. -Pontius Pilate allowed the crowd to choose -An angel told them that Jesus had risen.
between Jesus and Barabbas, a criminal.
Why did Jesus pray in the Garden of -The crowd chose to free Barabbas and have How did Jesus prove His resurrection?
Gethsemane? Jesus crucified. -Jesus appeared to His disciples multiple
-Jesus prayed in deep agony, knowing the times, including:
suffering He was about to endure. What are the Stations of the Cross?  Mary Magdalene at the tomb.
-He asked the Father, “Let this cup pass -The Stations of the Cross are 14 events  Two disciples on the road to
from me, but not my will, but Yours be from Jesus' condemnation to His burial, Emmaus.
done”, showing His obedience to God’s helping believers reflect on His suffering.  The apostles, showing His wounds
plan. and eating with them.
 Doubting Thomas, inviting him to
What was Peter’s reaction to Jesus’ arrest? What happened to the temple curtain touch His wounds.
when Jesus died?
What did Jesus command before ascending  Await His return with hope and
to heaven? readiness. What were Jesus' last moments before He
-Jesus gave the Great Commission, telling died?
His disciples: Why is Jesus' suffering called the  He cried out, “My God, My God,
“Go and make disciples of all nations, “Passion”? why have You abandoned me?”
baptizing them in the name of the Father, -The word "Passion" comes from the  He said, “It is finished”, completing
the Son, and the Holy Spirit.” Latin word passio , meaning His mission.
"suffering".  He surrendered His spirit, saying,
How long did Jesus stay on earth after His -It refers to Jesus' intense physical “Father, into Your hands I commend
resurrection? and emotional suffering from the My spirit.”
-Jesus remained for 40 days, teaching His Agony in the Garden to His death on
disciples before ascending to heaven. the cross. What did the centurion say after Jesus
died?
What was the purpose of Jesus' suffering -The Roman centurion at the cross declared,
What does Jesus' ascension mean for
and death? “Truly, this man was the Son of God” (Mark
Christians?
Jesus suffered and died to: 15:39).
 Jesus returned to the Father but  Atone for the sins of humanity.
remains spiritually present.  Fulfill Old Testament prophecies of Who buried Jesus?
 He prepares a place in heaven for the Messiah. -Joseph of Arimathea, a secret disciple,
believers.  Show God’s unconditional love. requested Jesus' body from Pontius Pilate
 He intercedes for humanity as our  Open the way to eternal life for and placed it in a tomb. Nicodemus assisted
mediator. believers. him.

How should Christians respond to the What role did the Roman soldiers play in Why was Jesus’ tomb sealed and guarded?
Paschal Mystery? Jesus’ crucifixion? -The chief priests and Pharisees feared that
Christians should: The Roman soldiers: Jesus' disciples would steal His body and
 Live in faith and repentance for  Mocked and beat Jesus. claim He had risen, so they asked Pilate to
salvation.  Crowned Him with thorns. secure the tomb with guards and a large
 Celebrate the sacraments, especially  Nailed Him to the cross and cast lots stone.
the Eucharist. for His garments.
 Follow Jesus’ example of love,  Pierced His side with a spear after What is the significance of Jesus appearing
humility, and service. His death. to His disciples after His resurrection?
His appearances:  Easter Sunday – Jesus' Resurrection.
 Proved His resurrection was real What does the Eucharist have to do with
and not a myth. the Paschal Mystery? What is the connection between the
 Strengthened the faith of His -The Eucharist is the sacrament of Jesus’ Passover and the Paschal Mystery?
followers. body and blood, instituted at the Last  The Passover lamb saved the
 Prepared them for their mission to Supper. Israelites from death in Egypt.
spread the Gospel. -It allows Christians to relive and  Jesus, the Lamb of God, died to save
participate in His sacrifice. humanity from sin.
Why did Thomas doubt Jesus'  The Last Supper was a Passover
resurrection? How is the Paschal Mystery related to meal, where Jesus gave new
-Thomas was not present when Jesus first baptism? meaning to the sacrifice.
appeared to the disciples. -In baptism, Christians die to sin and rise to
-He refused to believe unless he touched new life, just as Jesus died and rose again. What does the word “Paschal” mean?
Jesus' wounds. "Paschal" comes from the Hebrew word
-When Jesus appeared again, He told What is the meaning of Jesus' words, "It is Pesach, meaning Passover, referring to the
Thomas to touch and believe, leading finished"? Jewish feast and Jesus' sacrifice as the new
Thomas to declare, “My Lord and my God!” -Jesus declared that His mission was Paschal Lamb.
completed—He had fulfilled the prophecy,
What was the disciples’ reaction to Jesus’ defeated sin, and offered salvation to all.
ascension?
-The disciples were filled with awe and joy,
knowing Jesus had returned to the Father.
How does the Paschal Mystery give hope
-Angels reassured them that He would Why is the Paschal Mystery celebrated
to Christians?
come again in glory. during Holy Week?
How does the Paschal Mystery affect -Holy Week commemorates Jesus' final -It promises that suffering and death are not
Christians today? days: the end—just as Jesus rose from the dead,
It reminds Christians to:  Palm Sunday – Jesus' triumphant believers will also rise to eternal life.
 Trust in Jesus' sacrifice for salvation. entry into Jerusalem.
Why is the Paschal Mystery considered the
 Live a life of faith, love, and service.  Holy Thursday – The Last Supper
central mystery of the Christian faith?
 Celebrate the sacraments, especially and washing of the feet.
the Eucharist.  Good Friday – Jesus' Passion and -It is central because it summarizes God's
 Hope for eternal life with God. Death. plan of salvation—through Jesus’ suffering,
death, resurrection, and ascension,
humanity is redeemed and given the
promise of eternal life.

What will happen at the Parousia (Second

Coming)?

 Jesus will return in glory to judge

the living and the dead.

 The righteous will be rewarded with

eternal life.

 Evil will be defeated forever, and a

new heaven and earth will be
established

CONTEMPORARY: Media Cultures

Globalization is the growing
interdependence of the world’s economies,
cultures, and populations, brought about by
cross-border trade in goods and services,
technology, and flows of investment,
people, and information.
Media refers to the different means of
communication like radio, television,
internet etc. It plays a very important role in 2. Social media groups 1.The media provide an extensive
shaping human mind. 3. Books transnational transmission of cultural
Culture "the way of life for an entire 4. Movies products
society”. Unified style of human knowledge, 5. Magazines 2.They contribute to the formation of
beliefs, and behavior, from which people The Evolution of Media and Globalization : communicative networks and social
learn, and the ability to communicate Oral Communication - It allowed sharing of structures.
knowledge to the next generation. information. Language allowed human to
Global Media Culture explores the communicate and cooperate. Key Terms
relationship between the media, culture Script – Script allowed human to Globalization: The increasing
and globalization. This topic approaches communicate over a larger space and much interconnection of the world's economies,
part and current challenges concerning longer times. cultures, and populations through trade,
international communication and explores Printing Press - This is where information technology, and information exchange.
and problematizes the power of media revolution started. Media: Various communication platforms
representation. -It transformed social institutions such as (radio, TV, internet, books, movies) that
-Global media cultures create a continuous schools, churches, governments and more. shape human perspectives and interactions.
cultural exchange, in which crucial aspects Electronic Media - Radio quickly became a Culture: A society's shared beliefs, values,
such as identity, nationality, religion, global medium, reaching distant regions. traditions, and ways of life passed down
behavioral norms and way of life are Radio and Television are part of these through generations.
continuously questioned and challenged. media. 2. What is Global Media Culture?
-Global media promote a restructuring of Global Media Culture refers to the
-Television is considered as the most
cultural and social communities. interaction between media, culture, and
powerful and pervasive mass media. It
-Global media support the creation of new globalization, affecting identity, nationality,
brought together the visual and audio
communities. and societal norms.
power of the film with the accessibility of
Media cultures take part in the process of Influences:
radio.
globalization, including how they challenge -Challenges existing cultural identities.
Digital Media -Many of our earlier media
existing cultures and create new and -Facilitates cultural exchange through media
such as phones and Televisions are now
alternative symbolic and cultural platforms.
considered digital Media.
communities. -Shapes perceptions of global and local
Important Impact of Media on Cultural
It is made easier for advocates of cultures.
Globalization:
globalization to reach larger audience Examples of Global Media Influence:
through media such as: -The rise of K-pop, which blends Korean
1. Television program culture with Western music styles.
-Hollywood movies dominating -Facilitates global entertainment, such as Decentralized Media: Independent content
international film industries. Netflix making diverse content accessible creators and citizen journalism will
-Social media movements like #MeToo and worldwide. challenge traditional media power
climate activism uniting people worldwide. -Social media spreads cultural trends and structures.
Evolution of Media and Its Role in challenges traditional norms. Sustainability in Media: Addressing
Globalization -Globalized news networks like CNN and misinformation, promoting diverse voices,
Early Communication Forms: BBC shape international perspectives. and ensuring ethical content creation will be
Oral Communication: Early human societies Homogenization vs. Hybridization: key to future media landscapes.
relied on storytelling and spoken language. Cultural Homogenization: The dominance
Script: Writing systems allowed information of Western culture leads to the loss of GMC- continues to evolve, influencing how
to be recorded and shared over distances. unique traditions (e.g., fast food chains like people connect, perceive the world, and
Printing Press: Revolutionized McDonald's replacing local cuisine). engage with different cultural narratives.
communication by making books and Cultural Hybridization: A mix of global and While it creates opportunities for global
newspapers widely available. local cultures creates unique cultural unity, it also presents challenges such as
Technological Advancements: expressions (e.g., Bollywood movies media bias, misinformation, and cultural
Radio & Television: Allowed for mass incorporating Western filmmaking dominance. Understanding these influences
communication, influencing politics, techniques). helps us navigate media consumption more
entertainment, and education. Challenges & Ethical critically and responsibly.
Digital Media & the Internet: Enabled Misinformation & Fake News: Rapid spread
instant global communication, online of false information can manipulate public
communities, and real-time information perception.
sharing. Digital Divide: Unequal internet access
Impact on Social Institutions: creates gaps in information and economic
Education: Online learning platforms and opportunities.
digital libraries expanded knowledge access. Media Censorship: Some governments
Politics: Live-streamed debates and social restrict media to control public narratives.
media activism influence public opinion. Future of Global Media Culture
Economy: E-commerce and digital Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Virtual Reality
advertising drive globalization. (VR): AI-driven media personalization and
The Role of Media in Cultural Globalization immersive VR experiences will redefine
Media as a Tool for Cultural Exchange: cultural interactions.