1

Lakshya NEET 2025

Evolution TAPASYA

1. Match List I with List II: 5. Select the correct group/set of Australian Marsupials
[NEET 2024] exhibiting adaptive radiation.
List-I List-II [NEET 2023]
A. Mesozoic Era I. Lower (1) Mole, Flying squirrel, Tasmanian tiger cat
invertebrates (2) Lemur, Anteater, Wolf
B. Proterozoic Era II. Fish and (3) Tasmanian wolf, Bobcat, Marsupial mole
Amphibia (4) Numbat, Spotted cuscus, Flying phalanger
C. Cenozoic Era III. Birds and Reptiles
D. Paleozoic Era IV. Mammals 6. Which of the following statements is not true?
Choose the correct answer from the options given [NEET 2022]
below. (1) Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of
(1) A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III homologous organs.
(2) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II (2) Analogous structures are a result of convergent
(3) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV evolution.
(4) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV (3) Sweet potato and potato is an example of
analogy.
2. Which of the following factors will not affect the (4) Homology indicates common ancestry.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
[NEET 2024] 7. Natural selection where more individuals acquire
(1) Gene migration specific character value other than the mean character
(2) Constant gene pool value at one end, leads to:
(3) Genetic recombination [NEET 2022]
(4) Genetic drift (1) Random change
(2) Stabilising change
3. The flippers of the Penguins and Dolphins are the (3) Directional change
example of the (4) Disruptive change
[NEET 2024]
(1) Convergent evolution 8. Match List-I with List-II.
(2) Divergent evolution Final NEET (UG)-2021
(3) Adaptive radiation List-I List-II
(4) Natural selection (a) Adaptive (i) Selection of
radiation resistant varieties
4. Given below are some stages of human evolution. due to excessive
Arrange them in correct sequence. (Past to Recent) use of herbicides
[NEET 2024] and pesticides
(A) Homo habilis (b) Convergent (ii) Bones of
(B) Homo sapiens evolution forelimbs in
(C) Homo neanderthalensis Man and Whale
(D) Homo erectus (c) Divergent (iii) Wings of
Choose the correct sequence of human evolution evolution Butterfly and
from the options given below: Bird
(1) C-B-D-A (2) A-D-C-B (d) Evolution by (iv) Darwin finches
(3) D-A-C-B (4) B-A-D-C anthropogenic
action
Choose the correct answer from the options given
below.
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Kg die. Which type of selection proves is taking
(1) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) place?
(2) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) Final NEET (UG)-2019
(3) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) (1) Directional selection
(4) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii) (2) Stabilizing selection
(3) Disruptive selection
9. Embryological support for evolution was (4) Cyclical selection
disapproved by:
Final NEET (UG)-2020 15. Match the hominids with their correct brain size:
(1) Oparin (2) Karl Ernst von Baer [NEET 2024]
(3) Alfred Wallace (4) Charles Darwin A. Homo habilis (i) 900 cc
B. Homo (ii) 1350 cc
10. Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of: neanderthalensis
(1) Natural selection C. Homo erectus (iii) 650-800 cc
(2) Adaptive radiation D. Homo sapiens (iv) 1400 cc
(3) Convergent evolution Select the correct option.
(4) Industrial melanism (a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(2) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
11. From his experiments, S.L. Miller produced amino
(3) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
acids by mixing the following in a closed flask:
(1) C2H6, H2, NH3 and water vapour at 600°C (4) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
(2) CH4, H2, NH3 and water vapour at 800°C
(3) C2H6, H2, N2 and water vapour at 800°C 16. The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of
(4) CH4, H2, NH3 and water vapour at 600°C many vertebrates is an example of
(1) Homology
(2) Analogy
12. Which of the following refers to correct examples(s)
(3) Convergent evolution
of organisms which have evolved due to changes in
(4) Adaptive radiation
environment brought about by anthropogenic action?
(a) Darwin’s Finches of Galapagos islands
(b) Herbicide resistant weeds 17. Among the following sets of examples for divergent
(c) Drug resistant eukaryotes evolution, select the incorrect option:
(d) Man-created breeds of domesticated animals Final NEET (UG)-2018
like dogs. (1) Forelimbs of man, bat and cheetah
(1) Only (d) (2) Only (a) (2) Heart of bat, man and cheetah
(3) (a) and (c) (4) (b), (c) and (d) (3) Brain of bat, man and cheetah
(4) Eye of octopus, bat and man
13. A gene locus has two alleles A, a. If the frequency of
dominant allele A is 0.4, then what will be the 18. According to Hugo de Vries, the mechanism of
frequency of homozygous dominant, heterozygous evolution is:
and homozygous recessive individuals in the Final NEET (UG)-2018
population? (1) Multiple step mutations
Final NEET (UG)-2019 (2) Saltation
(1) 0.36 (AA); 0.48 (Aa); 0.16 (aa) (3) Phenotypic variations
(2) 0.16 (AA); 0.24 (Aa); 0.36 (aa) (4) Minor mutations
(3) 0.16 (AA); 0.48 (Aa); 0.36 (aa)
(4) 0.16 (AA); 0.36 (Aa); 0.48 (aa) 19. Read the following statements (A-D)
A. Darwin proposed that the process of evolution is
14. In a species, the weight of newborn ranges from 2 to driven by survival of the fittest.
5 kg. 9% of the newborn with an average weight B. The concept of “inheritance of acquired traits”
between 3 to 3.3 kg survive whereas 99% of the was proposed by Lamarck.
infants born with weights from 2 to 2.5 kg or 4.5 to 5 C. Evolution leads to the formation of new species
from a common ancestor over time.
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D. Genetic drift is a factor that disrupts Hardy- B. When natural resources are limited, population
Weinberg equilibrium. size grow unlimitedly.
How many of the above statements is/are correct? C. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a
(1) One (2) Two population that is evolving.
(3) Three (4) Four D. According to the theory of special creation, the
diversity has always been the same since creation
20. Read the following statements (A-D) and will be the same in the future also.
A. Natural selection leads to the survival of How many of the above statements is/are correct?
individuals with advantageous traits. (1) One (2) Two
B. Mutation is a slow and predictable process in (3) Three (4) Four
evolution.
C. Homologous structures provide evidence for 24. Read the following statements (A-D).
divergent evolution. A. Lamarck believed that characteristics acquired
D. Genetic recombination occurs during meiosis during an organism’s lifetime are inherited by
and contributes to genetic variation. offspring.
How many of the above statements is/are correct? B. Evolutionary traits are always beneficial to an
(1) One (2) Two organism’s survival.
(3) Three (4) Four C. Genetic mutations can introduce new traits into
a population.
21. Read the following statements (A-D). D. Fitness in the context of evolution refers to an
A. The concept of adaptive radiation explains the organism’s ability to survive and reproduce.
diversification of species in different habitats in Which of the following statements are correct?
a given geographical area. (1) A and B only
B. Analogous structures have a common (2) A, C and D only
evolutionary origin. (3) B, C and D only
C. Fossils provide evidence for the gradual (4) A, B, C and D
evolution of species over time.
D. The theory of inheritance of acquired trait has 25. Read the following statements (A-D).
been completely accepted in modern A. Saltation is single step small mutation.
evolutionary biology. B. Branching descent and natural selection are the
How many of the above statements is/are correct? two key concepts of Darwinian theory of
(1) One (2) Two evolution.
(3) Three (4) Four C. Homologous structures provide evidence for
convergent evolution.
22. Read the following statements (A-D). D. Artificial selection is the process by which
A. Genetic variation in a population can result from humans breed plants and animals for desired
mutations, sexual reproduction, and genetic traits.
recombination. Which of the following statements are incorrect?
B. Speciation can only occur due to geographical (1) A and C only
isolation of populations. (2) A, C and D only
C. Convergent evolution leads to the formation of (3) B, C and D only
similar structures in unrelated species. (4) A, B, C and D only
D. Homologous structures are evidence of common
ancestry. 26. Read the following statements (A-D).
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? A. The first non-cellular forms of life could have
originated 3 million years back.
(1) One (2) Two B. Stellar distances are measured in light years.
(3) Three (4) Four C. Evolutionary biology is the study of history of
life forms on earth.
23. Read the following statements (A-D) D. Spontaneous generation theory was dismissed
A. Darwin’s finches are an example of adaptive once and for all by theory of biogenesis.
radiation. Which of the following statements are correct?
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(1) A and B only (2) A, C and D only 29. Statement I: The Big Bang Theory explains the
(3) B, C and D only (4) A, B, C and D only origin of the universe through a massive explosion.
Statement II: Fossils are found only in the upper
27. Match List I with List II. layers of sedimentary rocks.
List-I List-II (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
(I) Darwin theory (A) Species evolve (2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is
of evolution through gradual, incorrect.
slow changes. (3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is
(II) Lamarck’s (B) Species evolve correct.
theory of due to inherited (4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
evolution. acquired traits.
(III) Embryological (C) Ernst Heckel 30. Statement I: Sea weeds and few plants existed
support for probably around 500 mya.
evolution. Statement II: Genetic equilibrium is maintained as
(IV) Fossil (D) Provides a long as there is random mating.
Evidence chronological (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
record of life (2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is
forms. incorrect.
Choose the correct answer from the options (3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is
given below: correct.
(1) I-A, II-B, III-D, IV-C (4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
(2) I-B, II-C, III-D, IV-A
(3) I-C, II-D, III-A, IV-B 31. Statement I: The Neanderthal man with a brain size
(4) I-A, II-B, III-C, IV-D of 600 cc.
Statement II: Industrial melanism in moths is an
28. Match List I with List II. example of natural selection.
List-I List-II (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
(I) Hardy- (A)No change in (2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is
Weinberg allele frequencies incorrect.
equilibrium occurs in a (3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is
population over correct.
time. (4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
(II) About 2000 (B) First cellular
32. Statement I: S.L. Miller’s experiment simulated
million years forms of life
early Earth’s conditions and led to the formation of
ago. appeared on
earth. amino acids.
Statement II: The Neanderthal man used hides to
(III) About 350 (C) Jawless fish
protect their body.
million years probably
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
ago. evolved.
(2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is
(IV) Speciation (D) Formation of new
incorrect.
and distinct
(3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is
species in the
correct.
course of
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
evolution.
Choose the correct answer from the options
33. Statement I: Chemical evolution refers to the
given below.
formation of complex organic molecules from simple
(1) I-A, II-C, III-B, IV-D
inorganic compounds.
(2) I-A, II-B, III-C, IV-D
Statement II: Homo erectus probably ate meat.
(3) I-B, II-C, III-D, IV-A
(4) I-C, II-D, III-B, IV-A
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(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct. (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
(2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is (2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is
incorrect. incorrect.
(3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is (3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is
correct. correct.
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect. (4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

34. Statement I: The skull of baby chimpanzee is more 39. Statement I: The amphibians lay thick shelled eggs
like adult human skull than adult chimpanzee skull. which do not dry up in sun.
Statement II: Mutations are random. Statement II: Ichthyosaurs had huge fearsome
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct. dagger like teeth.
(2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
incorrect. (2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is
(3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is incorrect.
correct. (3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect. correct.
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
35. Statement I: Homo sapiens walked like gorillas and
chimpanzees. 40. Statement I: Alfred Wallace, like Darwin, arrived at
Statement II: Ramapithecus was more ape-like. the concept of natural selection based on his
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct. observations.
(2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is Statement II: Thomas Malthus gave population
incorrect. theory.
(3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
correct. (2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect. incorrect.
(3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is
36. Statement I: Oparin and Haldane proposed that life correct.
originated from non-living organic molecules (4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
through chemical evolution.
Statement II: Shrews are large sized mammals. 41. Statement I: Mendel worked on evening primrose.
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct. Statement II: Darwinian variations are directionless.
(2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
incorrect. (2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is
(3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is incorrect.
correct. (3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect. correct.
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
37. Statement I: About 165 mya, the dinosaurs suddenly
disappeared from the earth. 42. Statement I: Embryological similarities suggest
Statement II: The gene pool is total genes and their common ancestry among vertebrate species.
alleles in a population. Statement II: Evolution for de Vries was gradual.
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct. (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
(2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is (2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is
incorrect. incorrect.
(3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is (3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is
correct. correct.
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect. (4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

38. Statement I: Embryos of vertebrates show gill slits 43. Statement I: The work of Darwin on populations
at certain stages, which are later lost in non-fish influenced Thomas Malthus.
species. Statement II: The rate of appearance of new forms
Statement II: The reptiles evolved into amphibians. is not linked to the life cycle or the life span.
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(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct. 48. Assertion (A): Earth’s early atmosphere was
(2) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is reducing in nature.
incorrect. Reason (R): The early atmosphere of Earth lacked
(3) Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is free oxygen.
correct. (1) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect. explanation of A.
(2) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct
44. Assertion (A): Lichens can be used as industrial explanation of A.
pollution indicators. (3) A is correct, but R is incorrect.
Reason (R): During pre industrialization period, the (4) A is incorrect, but R is correct.
tree trunks became dark due to industrial smoke and
soot. 49. Assertion (A): Darwin’s finches exhibit adaptive
(1) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct radiation.
explanation of A. Reason (R): Adaptive radiation occurs when species
(2) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct evolve from a common ancestor to exploit the same
explanation of A. ecological niches.
(3) A is correct, but R is incorrect. (1) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct
(4) A is incorrect, but R is correct. explanation of A.
(2) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct
45. Assertion (A): The formation of life on earth can be explanation of A.
explained through chemical evolution. (3) A is correct, but R is incorrect.
Reason (R): The early earth’s conditions, allowed (4) A is incorrect, but R is correct.
the formation of organic molecules like RNA and
proteins, leading to the origin of life. 50. Assertion (A): The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
(1) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explains that allele frequencies in a population
explanation of A. remain constant.
(2) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct Reason (R): The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is
explanation of A. applicable in populations that are isolated and with
(3) A is correct, but R is incorrect. mutation, selection or migration alone.
(4) A is incorrect, but R is correct. (1) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct
explanation of A.
46. Assertion (A): Homologous organs indicate (2) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct
divergent evolution. explanation of A.
Reason (R): Homologous organs arise from a (3) A is correct, but R is incorrect.
common ancestor but perform different functions in (4) A is incorrect, but R is correct.
modern species.
(1) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct 51. Assertion (A): The first animals to invade land were
explanation of A. fish with stout and strong fins.
(2) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct Reason (R): Invertebrates originated around 500 mya.
explanation of A. (1) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct
(3) A is correct, but R is incorrect. explanation of A.
(4) A is incorrect, but R is correct. (2) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
47. Assertion (A): Mutation is a source of genetic (3) A is correct, but R is incorrect.
variation. (4) A is incorrect, but R is correct.
Reason (R): Mutations always result in beneficial
traits for the organism. 52. Which of the following statements is correct?
(1) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct (1) Australopithecus had large brain around 900 cc.
explanation of A. (2) Neanderthal man lived in East Africa and ate fruits.
(2) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct (3) Homo erectus had brain capacity of 900 cc.
explanation of A. (4) Homo habilis probably ate meat.
(3) A is correct, but R is incorrect.
(4) A is incorrect, but R is correct.
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53. Among the following sets are examples of divergent

evolution, select the incorrect option:
(1) Forelimbs of man, bat and cheetah
(2) Vertebrate hearts or brains
(3) Thorn and tendrils of Bougainvillea and
Cucurbita.
(4) Eye of Octopus, bat and man (1) Few individuals acquire values other than the
mean character value.
54. Using the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which (2) More individuals acquire mean character value
expression represents the frequency of the (3) More individuals acquire peripheral character
heterozygous genotype? value at both ends of the distribution curve.
(1) pq (2) 2 pq (4) Both (2) and (3)
2
(3) q (4) q
60. The given diagram represents Miller’s experiment.
55. Single step large mutation leading to speciation is Identify the labeling A, B, C and D and choose the
also called: correct option.
(1) Founder effect
(2) Saltation
(3) Branching descent
(4) Natural selection

56. Placental mammals in Australia have variable forms

which appear to the ‘similar’ to a corresponding
marsupial. This is a case of:
(1) Adaptive radiation and divergent evolution
(2) Adaptive radiation and convergent evolution.
(3) Divergent evolution.
(4) Anthropogenic evolution.

57. Why would it take millions of years for new forms to (1) A-Electrodes, B-NH3 + H2 + H2O + CH4, C-
appear in fish or fowl compared to bacteria? Liquid water in trap, D-Vacuum pump.
(1) Fish and fowl do not experience environmental (2) A-Electrodes, B-NH4 + H2 + CO2 + CH3,
changes. C-Liquid water in trap, D-Vacuum pump.
(2) Fish and fowl have longer life spans. (3) A-Electrodes, B-NH3 + H2O, C-Liquid water in
(3) Fish and fowl do not have genetic variations.
trap, D-Tap
(4) Fish and fowl reproduce asexually. (4) A-Electrodes, B-NH3 + CO2 + H2O + CH4,
C-Liquid water in trap, D-Vacuum pump.
58. Select the incorrect statements.
(1) The universe is almost 20 million years old. 61. Fossils discovered_______ in 1891 revealed the
(2) The UV rays from the sun broke up water into stage, called Homo erectus of human evolution.
hydrogen and oxygen on early earth. Choose the correct option to fill the blank.
(3) The basic components of the atmosphere or (1) Brazil (2) Madhya Pradesh
primitive earth were ammonia, methane,
(3) Java (4) South Africa
hydrogen and water.
(4) Huge clusters of galaxies comprise the universe. 62. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(1) The first mammals were like shrews.
59. Identify the diagram given below and choose the
(2) The amphibians evolved into reptiles.
correct option for it. (3) Sea weeds and few plants existed probably
around 320 mya.
(4) Jawless fish probably evolved around 450 mya.
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63. The correct chronological order of human evolution (3) Ramapithecus → Homo habilis →
from earliest to recent is: Australopithecines → Homo erectus.
(1) Australopithecines → Ramapithecus → Homo (4) Australopithecines → Homo habilis →
habilis → Homo erectus. Ramapithecus → Homo erectus.
(2) Ramapithecus → Australopithecines → Homo
habilis → Homo erectus.
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Answer Key
1. (2) 33. (1)
2. (2) 34. (1)
3. (1) 35. (4)
4. (2) 36. (2)
5. (4) 37. (3)
6. (1) 38. (2)
7. (3) 39. (4)
8. (1) 40. (1)
9. (2) 41. (4)
10. (3) 42. (2)
11. (2) 43. (4)
12. (4) 44. (3)
13. (3) 45. (1)
14. (2) 46. (1)
15. (3) 47. (3)
16. (1) 48. (1)
17. (4) 49. (3)
18. (2) 50. (3)
19. (4) 51. (2)
20. (3) 52. (3)
21. (2) 53. (4)
22. (1) 54. (2)
23. (2) 55. (2)
24. (2) 56. (2)
25. (1) 57. (2)
26. (3) 58. (1)
27. (4) 59. (3)
28. (2) 60. (1)
29. (2) 61. (3)
30. (3) 62. (4)
31. (3) 63. (2)
32. (1)

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