Energy Resources :
1 Conservation & Utilisation
1.1 Introduction
The word enerOy is deUved Oho ook woOD owOD' uhiehti;;1fi, "ifi wMY
Theretore,enery may be denedastheCpaity ofdoing otk
ysj re
All living things pOSSOSS SOme fonof onouy andsDultanoUsl/ ti!, thie flowho
fom to another tom, i e. mechanical to eloctical, thenal to cherrial tirdal t le'roa
torms ofenergy diter from one another, but consttuto tto phiycal roalily f the, uri 2
Energy IS an mportant nput for the oveall development andi., thiorefore 1a f o i p r 2
quality of lite Its use in sectors such as industrios, comtnorce, transports, tcl:Urrrrria
WIde range of agiculture and hOusehold activitios has compelled to rroet 1 rcreasr3 Cea
which can not be fultilled by conventional sources of energy alone, lire coai eroe .
Hence there is need to explore the possibilities of harnessing energy irorr rerwate
energy like solar energy. wind energy, tidalenergy. geotherrnal energy. etc
The phrase conservation of energy' was coined and made popuiar by Gerrnar pySCs e
and Jouie They demonstrated that energy could not be annihilated but only be trarsre
The aitierent tvpes of energy and their conversion from one form to another are gver ceGn
Heat Energy: Heat is an intrinsic energy of all the combustible Substances. I:is cas ca
energy of molecules
Chemical Energy : Chemicalenergy is trapped in fossil fuels Such as coal, oil ardra.e as
fueis are used to generate electricity. power vehicles and railway engines
Nuclear Energy : Matter can be changed into energy when larger atoms are sc
(A1ormicFissior) or when smaller ones combine to form larger atoms (Atomic Fus.or
Radiant Energy:Solar radiation isthe manifestation of radiant energy that sece
Radio waves /-rays infrared and ultraviolet electromagnetic radiations conta
Electrical Energy:Electrical energy arises out of the movement of electronsiDcoc
field andeetroagnetC radiations. Itis ahighly versatile lorm of eneay aaea
10 other forrrs ilzaton
KineticEnergy IteerGrgyofan object it oto SCalledknete onetov
Potential Eneray lC GGg/ whhlbody po e
1.2 Types of Energy Resources
Lrergy r e e t t a l u d a d o l/yp
) 1otiteM:wtbleetutjyte
2 Basics of Energy and Environment ESE Prelims
(Generol tudie, ,
Energy Resourcos
Non-ronewable
Renewable
Energy Resources Energy Rosourcos
" Solar Eneray
Wind Energy Fossll Non-Fosslt
" Ocean Energy
"Coal " Thoriurn
" Hydro Energy "Uraniurn
"Petroleum
"Biomass Energy
"Natural Gas
"Geothermal Enegy
" Shale (Oil, Gas)
Fig: 1.1 Types of Energy Resources
The renewable energy resources, such as wind, water, solar, geothermal, etc., comne frorn cr.
regenerate as fast as they are consumed and are continuously available.
The non-renewable energy resources,such as fossil fuels and nuclear materials, are extracter trr .
earth and can be depleted in near future. These resources have been the rnost used type of enerr:, -
modern era.
In the earlypart of the21s! century, renewable energy resources have become more popuar ar-.
renewable energy resources have begun to be depleted.
Thermal plants (coal, oil, gas),
Environment
nuclear and hydropower stations are Envwrmer
Renewable
the major conventional methods of Source
Energy Sirk
generatingelectrical energy. Rise in Technical
Use
the cost of fossil fuels has created device
an urgency to conserve these fuels, Envrorre
andengineers across the world are Non-Renewable
Technical
looking for alternative renewable energy (Source device
Use Sirk
sOurces ofenergy.
Fig:1.2 Energy Conversion
1.3 Renewable Energy Resources
The energy sources which can be renewed by
nature again and again, and their supply is not
affected by the rate of their consumption are
called renewable energy resources.These are Solar (Sun
environnent friendly and have potential to Biomass
replace non-renewable energy resources. These
Hydro Wind
are also known as inexhaustible sources of Biofuels
energy. The exarnples of renewable energy Ocean
Wave
resources are solar, wind, ocean, hydro, biomass,
geothermal, etc. Earth
Renewable ernergy resources are available in (Geothermal
unlirmitedanount innature and can be renewed
over relatively shorter period of time. Most of the
Fig:1.3 Renewable Energy Resources
renewable sources ol ener9y are lairly non
polluting and considered as clean.
India is irnplernernting one of the world'slargest programmes in renewable energy Sector The Governme
of India is on its way to achieving 175GW target for installed renewable energy capacity by20,
