MADE ERSY Energy Resources :Conservation &Utilisation 41
Table 1.5: Nuclear Power Plants in India
Nuclear Power Plants Type Total Capacity
Tarapur (Maharashtra) Boiling water reactor (BWR) & Pressurized heavy 1,400 MW
water reactor (PHWR)
Rawatbhata (Rajasthan) Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) 1,180 MW
Kudankulam (Tamil Nadu) 2,000 MW
Water-Water Energetic Reactor (wWER)
Kaiga (Kamataka) Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) 880MVW
Kakrapar (Gujarat) Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) 440 MVW
Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu) Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) 440 MW
Narora (Uttar Pradesh) Pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) 440 MW
Advantages of Nuclear Energy
Less amountof fuel offers more energy.
The cost of nuclear fuel is 20% of the cost of energy generated.
The production of electric energy is continuous.
Non-polluting type of energy source.
Limitations of Nuclear Energy
Safety is major concern.
Difficulty in the management of nuclear waste. It takes many years to eliminate its radioactivity and
risks.
Nuclear plants have a limited life.
The investment for the construction of a nuclear plant is very high.
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (|TER) is a nuclear fusion research project
NOTE located in France. The project is funded and run by seven-member entities namely the European
Union, India, Japan, China, Russia, South Korea and United States.
International AtomicEnergy Agency ((AEA) nuclear energy, and to
IAEA is an international organization that seeks tO promote the peaceful use of
inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapon.
through its own international treaty, the IAEA
It was established as an autonomous organization in 1957
Statute.
the United Nations General Assemblv
It is independent of the United Nations but reports to both
(UNGA) and Security Council (UNSC).
Headquarters: Vienna, Austria.
1.15 Energy Conservation
sacrifice in the
Energyconservation means reduction in energy consumption but without making any
amount of eneroy
quality or guantity of production. It reters to increase the production trom agiven
the efficiency.
input by reducing losses/wastage and maximizing
environmental
Even thouah eneray conservation reduce energy services, it can result in improved
higher saving.
quality, national security, personal financial security, and
It is at the top of the sustainable energy hierarchy and alsoreduces costs by preventing futureresOurce
depletion.
42 ESE Prelims
Basics of Energy and Environment
Gener al Stud
Engine ring Aptie
1.15.1 Major Energy Conservation Techniques
implermented efficiently:
GTe are some energysaving technigues which can be
incandescent light bulbs and CEF
1.
Install diode (LED) lights: Replace
Light-emitting bulbs
wih
2.
LOWer the room temperature: Fven a sliaht decroase in roorn
savings. The more the difference between indoor and
ternperature Can
outdoor ternperaturo. result in LEDt
bigtg ,.
comfortable way
Consumes to maintain room temperature. A more smarter and of
install a programmable thermostat. doing thit, .
much
3. Use maximum daylight: Turn offlights during the day and use daylight as as
reduce the burden on the local pOwer grid. posSibls
4. Get energy audit done: Getting energy audit done by hiring an energy audit expert, IS the ere.
Conservation technique that can help conserve energy. Home energy audit is nothing
that help to identify areas in home where it is losing energy and what steps buta
prIH,
Overcome them.
should
be tare
5. Use energy efficient appliances: Use electrical appliances having Energy Star
appliances with Energy Star rating consume less energy.
rating. Energy efte
6. Switch off appliances when not in use: Electrical appliances like coffee machine.
desktop computer, etc., keep on using electricity even when not in use. These idle prite
Switched off if need not arises. appliances shoud::
7. Some COuntries employ eneray or carbon taxes to motivate energy users to reduce their consumrto
Carbon taxes can alloww Consumption shift to nuclear power and other alternatives that carry a ditferer:
set of environmental side effects and limitations.
1.15.2 Energy Conservation in India
Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA)is an Indian government body created in 197:
which has been engaged in promoting energy efficiency and
conservation in every walk of life.
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is a statutory body set up in 2002 under the
provisions of Ener;
Conservation Act, 2001. The mission of the BEE is to assist in developing policies and
thrust on self-regulation and market principles within the overall framework of the strategies w
Act.
Salient Features of Energy Conservation Act, 2001
During the 9th Five Year Plan, the need for an Energy
Conservation Act was realized.
Considering the vast potential of energy savings and benefits of energyefficiency, the
India (on 29 September, 2001)enacted the Energy Government
The Act provides the legal framework, Conservation Act, 2001.
central and state
institutional arrangement and a regulatory mechaniSm a
levels embark upon an
to
This act requires large energy Consumers energy-efficiency
drive in the country.
to adhere
followtheEnergy Conservation Building Code; and energy-consumption norms: new builaig
labels.
appliances to meet eneray-performance consuy
Key provisions of the Act:
Tolay down minimum energy-consumptionns
standards and labelingfor identified appliances/equipme"
and norrns for industrial processes tor energy
intensive industries
Eetahlichment
of an Energy
Conservation Fund, both at the centraland state
Direct mandatory display of label on notitied levels.
equipment and appliances.
Prescribe energy conservation building codes for efficient use of energy and its Conservationin ne:
Commercial buildings having a Connected load of 500 kvWor abuo
