CRUISE SCHOOL, ADDIS ABABA
Gabriel Campus
It Assignment
Topic: Cloud computing
Group members:
1. Bezawit Alemayehu
2. Chrstelobe Dereje
3. Eneb Abdela
4. Halima Sefa
5. Kidest Eyerus
6. Menal Ahmed
7. Nazrawit Amdebrihan
8. Niyat Yosef
9. Sekina Mubarek
Submitted to: Mr.
Submission date: 30/12/24
Table of Contents Page
* Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
1.1 what is cloud computing ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
* Historical Background------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
2.1 A journey though cloud------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.2 The cloud pioneers------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
2.2.1 Amazon-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
2.2.2 Salesforce----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
2.2.3 Google--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
2.3 The cloud today---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
2.2 The future of the cloud-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
* How cloud computing works----------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
* Types of cloud computing deployment models------------------------------------------------- 6
4.1 Public cloud--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
4.2 Private cloud-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
4.3 community cloud-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
4.4 multi-cloud--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
* Types of cloud computing services -------------------------------------------------------------- 7
5.1 Infrastructure as a service--------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
5.2 Platform as a service --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
5.3 Software as a service --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
5.4 function as a service---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
* Benefits of cloud computing----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
*Limitation of cloud computing -------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
Introduction
What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computing resources (such as
storage and infrastructure), as services over the internet. cloud computing is the
delivery of computing services including servers, storage, databases, networking,
software, analytics, and intelligence over the Internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster
innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. You typically pay only for
cloud services you use, helping you lower your operating costs, run your
infrastructure more efficiently, and scale as your business needs change.q
Enterprises need to buy physical servers and other infrastructure through
procurement processes that can take months and support the architecture of cloud
computing. The acquired systems require a physical space, typically a specialized
room with sufficient power and cooling. After configuring and deploying the
systems, enterprises need expert personnel to manage them.
This long process is difficult to scale when demand spikes or business expands.
Enterprises can acquire more computing resources than needed, ending up with
low utilization numbers.
Cloud computing addresses these issues by offering computing resources as scalable, on-
demand services.
History
Cloud Computing: A Journey Through the Clouds
Imagine a world without smartphones. No apps, no social media, no streaming
movies. Sounds unimaginable, right? Well, cloud computing is just as revolutionary.
It's the invisible force behind many of the technologies we take for granted today.
The story of cloud computing begins decades ago. Back in the 1960s, powerful
computers were massive and expensive. Companies would share these
"mainframes" with multiple users, a concept called time-sharing. It was like sharing
a giant toy – everyone got a turn to play, but you had to wait your turn.
Then came the internet. Suddenly, we could connect to computers from anywhere
in the world. This opened exciting possibilities, but it also created new challenges.
How could we access powerful computing resources without owning and
maintaining our own expensive machines?
The Cloud Pioneers
* Amazon:
In the early 2000s, Amazon, the online retailer, had a brilliant idea. They realized
that they had a massive amount of computing power sitting idle. So, they started
renting out their spare computer resources to other companies. This
groundbreaking concept, known as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), marked the
birth of modern cloud computing, Amazon Web Services (AWS) introduced
groundbreaking services like Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) and Amazon EC2
(Elastic Compute Cloud), laying the foundation for the IaaS market.
The idea quickly caught on. Soon, other companies followed Amazon's lead,
offering a variety of cloud services. This led to the development of different types of
cloud services like: SaaS, Paas.
* Salesforce.com(1999):
A pioneer in Software as a Service (SaaS), Salesforce.com demonstrated the power
of delivering applications over the internet, paving the way for a new era of software
delivery and consumption.
* Google:
Google has been a significant player in the cloud computing market, offering a wide
range of services, including Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Google Workspace, and
Google Maps APIs.
The Cloud Today: Shaping Our World
Today, cloud computing is everywhere. It powers everything from the apps on your
phone to the websites you visit to the streaming services you enjoy. It enables
businesses to scale quickly, innovate faster, and reduce costs.
* Healthcare: Doctors use cloud-based platforms to share patient records and
conduct research.
* Finance: Banks rely on cloud computing for secure online transactions and fraud
detection.
* Education: Students and teachers use cloud-based learning platforms for online
courses and collaborative projects.
The Future of the Cloud:
The future of cloud computing is bright and full of possibilities. We can expect to
see even more innovative services, such as:
* Edge Computing: Bringing computing power closer to the source of data, reducing
latency and improving performance.
* Quantum Computing in the Cloud: Harnessing the power of quantum computers
to solve complex problems that are currently impossible.
* AI and Machine Learning in the Cloud: Leveraging cloud-based AI and ML to power
everything from personalized recommendations to self-driving cars.
Cloud computing has revolutionized the way we live and work. It's an invisible force
that's shaping our world in profound ways, and its impact will only continue to grow
in the years to come.
How does cloud computing work?
Cloud computing works by delivering computing services, such as servers, storage,
databases, and software, over the internet. Instead of owning and maintaining
these resources on-premises, users access them from a cloud provider's data
centers.
* Data Centers: Cloud providers operate massive data centers filled with powerful
servers, storage devices, and networking equipment.
* Internet Connection: Users connect to these data centers through the internet.
* Resource Allocation: When you request a service (like storing files or running an
application), the cloud provider allocates the necessary resources from its pool of
hardware and software.
* Service Delivery: The requested service is then delivered to you over the internet.
Think of it like this: Imagine a giant library with countless books, computers, and
study rooms. Cloud computing is like borrowing books, using computers, or renting
a study room without having to own the library itself.
Furthermore, cloud computing service models are based on the concept of sharing
on-demand computing resources, software, and information over the internet.
Companies or individuals pay to access a virtual pool of shared resources,
including computer, storage, and networking services, which are located on remote
servers that are owned and managed by service providers.
In simpler terms, cloud computing uses a network (most often, the internet) to
connect users to a cloud platform where they request, and access rented
computing services. A central server handles all the communication between client
devices and servers to facilitate the exchange of data. Security and privacy features
are common components to keep this information secure and safe.
When adopting cloud computing architecture, there is no one-size-fits-all. What
works for another company may not suit you and your business needs. In fact, this
flexibility and versatility is one of the hallmarks of clouds, allowing enterprises to
quickly adapt to changing markets or metrics.
Types of cloud computing deployment models
The main types of cloud computing deployment models are:
* Public Cloud:
* Owned and operated by a third-party cloud provider (e.g., AWS, Azure, Google
Cloud).
* Resources are shared among multiple organizations.
* Highly scalable and cost-effective.
* Examples: Amazon S3, Google Drive, Salesforce.com
* Private Cloud:
* Dedicated cloud infrastructure for a single organization.
* Can be on-premises or hosted by a third-party provider.
* Provides more control and security.
* Often more expensive than public clouds.
* Example: A company setting up its own private cloud within its data center.
* Hybrid Cloud:
* Combines public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to move
between them as needed.
* Offers flexibility and the ability to leverage the strengths of both models.
* Example: Using a public cloud for development and testing, while keeping
sensitive data on a private cloud.
* Community Cloud:
* Shared infrastructure by a specific group of organizations (e.g., government
agencies, research institutions).
* Offers cost-effectiveness and shared resources within a specific community.
* Multi-Cloud:
* Utilizing multiple public cloud providers (e.g., AWS and Azure) simultaneously.
* Provides redundancy, disaster recovery, and the ability to optimize costs by
choosing the best provider for specific workloads.
These deployment models offer different levels of control, security, and cost-
effectiveness, allowing organizations to choose the best option based on their
specific needs and priorities.
Types of cloud computing services
The main types of cloud computing services are:
* Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
* Provides fundamental computing resources like virtual machines (VMs), servers,
storage, and networking.
* Users have the most control over the infrastructure.
* Examples: Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines, Google Compute Engine.
* Platform as a Service (PaaS):
* Provides a development and deployment environment for building and running
applications.
* Users don't need to manage the underlying infrastructure (servers, operating systems,
etc.).
* Examples: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Microsoft Azure App Service, Google App Engine.
* Software as a Service (SaaS):
* Delivers applications over the internet.
* Users access these applications through a web browser or mobile app.
* No need to install or maintain software on local devices.
* Examples: Salesforce, Google Workspace (Gmail, Docs, Drive), Microsoft 365.
* Serverless Computing (also known as Function as a Service - Faas):
* Executes code in response to events without the need to provision or manage servers.
* Users only pay for the actual execution time of their code.
* Examples: AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, Google Cloud Functions.
Benefits of cloud computing
It’s flexible
Due to the architecture of cloud computing, enterprises and their users can access cloud
services from anywhere with an internet connection, scaling services up or down as
needed.
It’s efficient
Enterprises can develop new applications and rapidly get them into production—without
worrying about the underlying infrastructure
It’s cost-effective
Whatever cloud computing service model is used, enterprises only pay for the
computing resources they use. They don’t need to overbuild data center capacity to
handle unexpected spikes in demand or business growth, and they can deploy IT
staff to work on more strategic initiatives.
It’s secure
Enterprises often ask, what are the security risks of cloud computing? They are considered
relatively low. Cloud computing security is generally recognized as stronger than that in
enterprise data centers, because of the depth and breadth of the security mechanisms
cloud providers put into place. Plus, cloud providers’ security teams are known as top
experts in the field.
It offers strategic value
Because cloud providers stay on top of the latest innovations and offer them as services to
customers, enterprises can get more competitive advantages—and a higher return on
investment—than if they’d invested in soon-to-be obsolete technologies.
Limitations of cloud computing
1. Security Concerns:
* Data breaches: While cloud providers implement robust security measures, data
breaches can still occur.
* Data privacy: Concerns exist about data privacy and compliance with regulations like
HIPAA and GDPR.
* Loss of control: Businesses may feel a loss of control over their data when it's stored in
the cloud.
2. Vendor Lock-in:
* Dependency on the provider: Migrating data and applications from one cloud provider to
another can be complex and costly, creating vendor lock-in.
3. Internet Dependency:
* Reliance on internet connectivity: Cloud services rely on a stable internet connection,
which can be disrupted by outages or slow speeds.
4. Compliance and Regulations:
* Meeting regulatory requirements: Ensuring compliance with industry-specific regulations
and data privacy laws can be challenging for cloud-based services.
5. Performance Limitations:
* Latency: Network latency can impact performance for applications that require low
latency, such as real-time gaming or video conferencing.
* Limited control over hardware: Users have limited control over the underlying hardware,
which can sometimes affect performance.
6. Cost Management:
* Cost overruns: It's crucial to carefully monitor cloud usage to avoid unexpected cost
overruns.
7. Integration Challenges:
* Integrating with existing systems: Integrating cloud services with existing on-premises
systems can sometimes be complex.
