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C Op Y: 1.4 Roman Numerals

The document explains the Roman numeral system, which uses seven basic symbols to represent numbers. It outlines rules for forming Roman numerals, including how symbols can be repeated, added, or subtracted based on their placement. Additionally, it mentions that placing a bar over a numeral multiplies its value by 1000.

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Ravi Dubey
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57 views1 page

C Op Y: 1.4 Roman Numerals

The document explains the Roman numeral system, which uses seven basic symbols to represent numbers. It outlines rules for forming Roman numerals, including how symbols can be repeated, added, or subtracted based on their placement. Additionally, it mentions that placing a bar over a numeral multiplies its value by 1000.

Uploaded by

Ravi Dubey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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F & O - VI_1.

KNOWING OUR NUMBERS

1.4 ROMAN NUMERALS


One of the earliest systems of writing numerals is the Roman Numeral system. This system
is still in use in many places. For example, some faces of clocks show hours in Roman
numerals; we use Roman numerals to write numbered list; etc.
Unlike the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, Roman numeral system uses seven basic symbols
to represent different numbers. The symbols are as follows :
I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100
D = 500, M = 1000

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(a) Rules To Form Roman Numerals :
We can form different Roman numerals using the symbols and the following rules.
Rule-1 If a symbol is repeated one after the other, its value is added as many times as it occurs. For
example
III = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
XX = 10 + 10 = 20

Co
Rule-2 The symbols I, X, C and M can be repeated up to a maximum of three times. For example
I = 1,
II = 2,
III = 3
X = 10,
XX = 20,
XXX = 30
C = 100,
en
CC = 200,
CCC = 300
M = 1000,
MM = 2000,
MMM = 3000
Rule-3 The symbols V, L and D (i.e., 5, 50, and 500 respectively) can never be repeated in a Roman
m

numeral.
Rule-4 If a symbol with a smaller value is written on the right of a symbol with a greater value, then its
value is added to the value of the greater symbol. For example
XII = 10 + 2 = 12,
ci

LX = 50 + 10 = 60,
DCCCX = 500 + 300 + 10 = 810
Rule-5 If a symbol with a smaller value is written on the left of a symbol with a larger value, then its
value is subtracted from the value of the greater symbol. For example,
e

IV = 5 – 1 = 4, IX = 10 – 1 = 9, CD = 500 – 100 = 400,


VI = 5 +1 = 6, XI = 10 + 1 = 11, DC = 500 + 100 = 600
Rule-6 The symbols V,L and D are never written to the left of a symbol of greater value i.e. V,L and D
Sp

are never subtracted


The symbol I can be subtracted from V and X only.
The symbol X can be subtracted from L, M and C only.
The symbol C can be subtracted from D and M only.
Rule-7 If a bar is placed over a numeral , it is multiplied by 1000.
V = 5000 , L = 50000

PAGE # 60

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